Kamar yadda muka sani, ma'adinan ƙasa da ba kasafai ba a kasar Sin sun ƙunshi abubuwa masu haske da ba kasafai ba, wanda lanthanum da cerium ke da fiye da kashi 60%. Tare da fadada ƙarancin duniya dindindin kayan maganadisu, kayan aikin haske na ƙasa, ƙarancin ƙasa polishing foda da ƙasa mara nauyi a cikin masana'antar ƙarfe a China kowace shekara, buƙatun ƙasa mai matsakaici da nauyi a kasuwannin cikin gida shima yana ƙaruwa da sauri. Babban koma baya na manyan ɗumbin haske da ba kasafai ba kamar Ce, La da Pr, wanda ke haifar da rashin daidaituwa mai tsanani tsakanin amfani da aikace-aikacen albarkatun ƙasa da ba kasafai ba a kasar Sin. An gano cewa abubuwa masu ƙarancin haske na ƙasa suna nuna kyakkyawan aiki mai ƙarfi da inganci a cikin tsarin amsa sinadarai saboda musamman tsarin harsashi na lantarki na 4f. Don haka, Yin amfani da ƙasa mai ƙarancin haske azaman kayan haɓakawa hanya ce mai kyau don cikakkiyar amfani da albarkatun ƙasa da ba kasafai ba. Catalyst wani nau'in sinadari ne wanda zai iya hanzarta ɗaukar sinadarai kuma ba a cinye shi kafin da bayan amsawa. Ƙarfafa bincike na asali na catalysis na ƙasa ba kawai zai iya inganta ingantaccen samarwa ba, har ma yana adana albarkatu da makamashi da rage gurɓataccen muhalli, wanda ya dace da dabarun dabarun ci gaba mai dorewa.
Me yasa abubuwan da ba kasafai suke da kasa ba suke da aikin catalytic?
Rare abubuwan da ke ƙasa suna da tsarin lantarki na musamman na waje (4f), wanda ke aiki a matsayin tsakiyar zarra na hadaddun kuma yana da lambobin daidaitawa daban-daban daga 6 zuwa 12. Bambancin adadin daidaitawa na abubuwan da ba kasafai ba na duniya yana ƙayyade cewa suna da "sauran valence" . Saboda 4f yana da madaidaicin valence electron orbitals bakwai tare da ikon haɗin gwiwa, yana taka rawar "haɗin sinadarai na baya" ko "sauran valence".Wannan ikon yana da mahimmanci don haɓakawa na yau da kullun. Don haka, abubuwan da ba kasafai suke da kasa ba ba wai kawai suna da aikin motsa jiki ba, har ma za a iya amfani da su azaman additives ko cocatalysts don inganta aikin kuzari na masu kara kuzari, musamman ikon hana tsufa da karfin guba.
A halin yanzu, rawar nano cerium oxide da nano lanthanum oxide a cikin maganin sharar mota ya zama sabon mayar da hankali.
Abubuwan lahani a cikin sharar mota sun haɗa da CO, HC da NOx. Ƙasar da ba kasafai ake amfani da ita ba a cikin ƙaƙƙarfan abin da ke haifar da shayewar mota ta ƙasa shine galibi cakuda cerium oxide, praseodymium oxide da lanthanum oxide. Ƙwayar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙazamin ƙazanta mota ya ƙunshi hadaddun oxides na ƙasa mai wuyar gaske da cobalt, manganese da gubar. Yana da wani nau'i na ternary mai haɓakawa tare da perovskite, nau'in spinel da tsarin, wanda cerium oxide shine maɓalli mai mahimmanci.Saboda halayen redox na cerium oxide, abubuwan da ke cikin iskar gas za a iya sarrafa su yadda ya kamata.
Mota shaye tsarkakewa mai kara kuzari ya ƙunshi yafi hada da saƙar zuma yumbu (ko karfe) m da surface kunna shafi. Rufin da aka kunna ya ƙunshi babban yanki γ-Al2O3, daidaitaccen adadin oxide don daidaita yanayin sararin samaniya da ƙarfe mai aiki mai ƙarfi da aka tarwatsa a cikin rufin. Don rage yawan amfani da pt da RH masu tsada, ƙara yawan amfani da Pd mai rahusa kuma rage farashin mai haɓakawa, A kan yanayin rashin rage ayyukan haɓakar haɓakar shayewar mota, ana ƙara wasu adadin CeO2 da La2O3 a cikin Kunna shafi na Pt-Pd-Rh ternary mai kara kuzari don samar da ƙarancin ƙarfe mai ƙarancin ƙarfe mai ƙarfi tare da kyakkyawan tasirin kuzari. An yi amfani da La2O3(UG-La01) da CeO2 a matsayin masu tallata don haɓaka aikin γ- Al2O3 yana tallafawa masu haɓaka ƙarfe masu daraja. Bisa ga bincike, CeO2, Babban inji na La2O3 a daraja karfe catalysts ne kamar haka:
1. inganta catalytic aiki na aiki shafi ta ƙara CeO2 don ci gaba da daraja karfe barbashi tarwatsa a cikin aiki shafi, don kauce wa rage catalytic lattice maki da lalacewar da aiki lalacewa ta hanyar sintering. Ƙara CeO2 (UG-Ce01) a cikin Pt / γ-Al2O3 na iya watsewa akan γ-Al2O3 a cikin Layer guda ɗaya (matsakaicin adadin watsawar Layer guda ɗaya shine 0.035g CeO2/g γ-Al2O3), wanda ke canza yanayin saman γ-Al2O3. -Al2O3 da kuma inganta watsawa mataki na Pt.Lokacin CeO2 abun ciki ne daidai ko kusa da watsawa. bakin kofa, matakin watsawa na Pt ya kai mafi girma. Matsakaicin watsawa na CeO2 shine mafi kyawun sashi na CeO2. A cikin yanayin iskar oxygen da ke sama da 600 ℃, Rh ya rasa kunnawarsa saboda samuwar m bayani tsakanin Rh2O3 da Al2O3. Kasancewar CeO2 zai raunana abin da ke tsakanin Rh da Al2O3 kuma ya ci gaba da kunna Rh. La2O3 (UG-La01) kuma na iya hana ci gaban Pt ultrafine barbashi.Adding CeO2 da La2O3 (UG-La01) zuwa Pd/γ 2al2o3, an gano cewa Bugu da kari na CeO2 inganta watsawar Pd a kan m da kuma samar da wani. rage yawan aiki. Babban tarwatsawa na Pd da hulɗar sa tare da CeO2 akan Pd/γ2Al2O3 sune maɓalli ga babban aiki na mai kara kuzari.
2. Daidaitawar iskar man fetur ta atomatik (aπ f) Lokacin da zafin farawa na motar ya tashi, ko lokacin da yanayin tuki da saurin saurin ya canza, yawan kwararar iskar da iskar iskar gas ta canza, wanda ke sa yanayin aiki na iskar motar. Mai kara kuzarin tsarkake iskar gas yana canzawa koyaushe kuma yana shafar aikin sa. Wajibi ne a daidaita π man fetur rabo na iska zuwa stoichiometric rabo na 1415 ~ 1416, sabõda haka, mai kara kuzari iya ba da cikakken play zuwa ta tsarkakewa aiki.CeO2 ne m valence oxide (Ce4 +ΠCe3+), wanda yana da kaddarorin na N-type semiconductor, kuma yana da kyakkyawan ajiyar oxygen da ƙarfin fitarwa. Lokacin da rabon A π F ya canza, CeO2 na iya taka rawar gani sosai wajen daidaita ma'aunin iskar mai. Wato, O2 yana fitowa lokacin da man fetur ya kasance mai yawa don taimakawa CO da hydrocarbon oxidize; Idan akwai iska mai yawa, CeO2-x yana taka rawar ragewa kuma yana amsawa tare da NOx don cire NOx daga iskar gas don samun CeO2.
3. Tasirin cocatalyst Lokacin da cakuda aπ f yana cikin rabon stoichiometric, ban da oxidation dauki na H2, CO, HC da rage yawan amsawar NOx, CeO2 kamar yadda cocatalyst kuma na iya haɓaka ƙaurawar ruwa da ƙaurawar tururi da haɓakar tururi abun ciki na CO da HC. La2O3 na iya inganta yawan juzu'i a cikin ƙaurawar iskar gas na ruwa da haɓakar haɓakar tururi na hydrocarbon. Ƙara La2O3 zuwa Pd/ CeO2 -γ-Al2O3 don rushewar methanol, an gano cewa ƙari na La2O3 ya hana samuwar dimethyl ether ta hanyar samfurin kuma ya inganta aikin catalytic na mai kara kuzari. Lokacin da abun ciki na La2O3 shine 10%, mai haɓaka yana da kyakkyawan aiki kuma canjin methanol ya kai matsakaicin (kimanin 91.4%). Wannan ya nuna cewa La2O3 yana da kyau watsawa a kan γ-Al2O3 m.Bugu da ƙari, ya inganta watsawar CeO2 a kan γ2Al2O3 m da kuma rage girma oxygen, kara inganta watsawa na Pd da kuma kara inganta hulda tsakanin Pd da CeO2, ta haka inganta catalytic aiki na kara kuzari ga methanol bazuwar.
Dangane da halaye na kariyar muhalli na yanzu da sabon tsarin amfani da makamashi, ya kamata kasar Sin ta samar da kayan aikin da ba kasafai ba na kasa da kasa tare da ikon mallakar fasaha masu zaman kansu, da cimma nasarar yin amfani da albarkatun kasa da ba kasafai ba, da inganta fasahar kere-kere na kayayyakin kara kuzari na duniya, da yin tsalle-tsalle. -ci gaba da haɓaka manyan ƙungiyoyin masana'antu masu alaƙa kamar ƙasa mara nauyi, yanayi da sabon makamashi.
A halin yanzu, samfuran da kamfanin ke bayarwa sun haɗa da nano zirconia, nano titania, nano alumina, nano aluminum hydroxide, nano zinc oxide, nano silicon oxide, nano magnesium oxide, nano magnesium hydroxide, nano jan karfe oxide, nano yttrium oxide, nano cerium oxide. , Nano lanthanum oxide, nano tungsten trioxide, nano ferroferric oxide, Nano antibacterial wakili da graphene.The samfurin ingancin ne barga, kuma an saya a batches ta multinational Enterprises.
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Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-23-2021