Aiwatar da Kayayyakin Duniya Rare a Fasahar Soja ta Zamani

Aikace-aikace naRare Duniya Materials a Fasahar Soja ta Zamani

A matsayin kayan aiki na musamman, ƙasa da ba kasafai ba, wanda aka sani da "gidan taska" na sabbin kayan, na iya haɓaka inganci da aikin sauran samfuran, kuma ana kiranta da "bitamin" na masana'antar zamani. An ba kawai yadu amfani a gargajiya masana'antu kamar karfe, petrochemical masana'antu, gilashin yumbu, ulu kadi, fata da kuma noma, amma kuma taka wani makawa rawa a cikin filayen kayan kamar haske, maganadisu, Laser, Fiber-optic sadarwa. hydrogen ajiya makamashi, superconductivity, da dai sauransu, Yana kai tsaye rinjayar da sauri da kuma matakin na ci gaban high-tech masana'antu kamar Optical kayan aiki, lantarki, sararin samaniya, masana'antar nukiliya, da dai sauransu. An yi nasarar amfani da waɗannan fasahohin a cikin fasahar soja, suna haɓaka haɓaka fasahar soja ta zamani.

Matsayi na musamman da sabbin kayan aikin sojan zamani ke takawa a fasahar soja ta zamani ya ja hankalin gwamnatoci da masana daga kasashe daban-daban, kamar yadda aka jera su a matsayin wani muhimmin bangare na ci gaban manyan masana'antu da fasahar soja ta sassan da suka dace a cikin Amurka, Japan, da sauran ƙasashe.

Takaitaccen Gabatarwa Kan Kasashe Masu Rarara Da Alakar Su Da Sojoji Da Tsaron Kasa

A taƙaice magana, dukaabubuwan da ba kasafai basuna da wasu amfani da sojoji, amma mafi mahimmancin rawar da ake takawa a fagen tsaron ƙasa da na soja ya kamata su kasance aikace-aikacen jeri na Laser, jagorar laser, sadarwar laser da sauran fannoni.

 Aikace-aikacen Ƙarfe Mai Rarewar Duniya da Ƙarfe na Nodular Cast a Fasahar Soja ta Zamani

 1.1 Aiwatar da Karfe Rare Duniya a Fasahar Soja ta Zamani

Its ayyuka sun hada da tsarkakewa, gyare-gyare, da alloying, yafi ciki har da desulfurization, deoxidation, da kuma iskar gas kau, kawar da tasiri na low narkewa batu cutarwa impurities, refining hatsi da kuma tsarin, shafi lokaci mika mulki batu na karfe, da kuma inganta ta hardenability da inji Properties. . Ma'aikatan kimiyya da fasaha na soja sun ƙirƙira kayan ƙasa da ba kasafai da yawa waɗanda suka dace da amfani da su a cikin makamai ta hanyar amfani da wannan kadarar ƙasa da ba kasafai ba.

 1.1.1 Armor karfe

 Tun a farkon shekarun 1960, masana'antar kera makamai ta kasar Sin ta fara gudanar da bincike kan yadda ake amfani da kasa da ba kasafai ake amfani da su a cikin karfen sulke da karfen bindiga ba, kuma a jere suka samar da karafa masu sulke irin su 601, 603, da 623, inda suka kawo sabon zamani inda muhimman albarkatun kasa. a cikin tankunan da kasar Sin ta samar an kafa su ne a cikin gida.

 1.1.2 Rare duniya carbon karfe

A tsakiyar shekarun 1960, kasar Sin ta kara da kashi 0.05% na abubuwan da ba kasafai suke yin kasa ba zuwa ainihin ingancin karfen carbon don samar da karfen carbon da ba kasafai ba. Ƙimar tasirin tasiri na gefe na wannan ƙarfe na duniya mai wuya ya karu da 70% zuwa 100% idan aka kwatanta da ainihin karfen carbon, kuma ƙimar tasiri a -40 ℃ ya karu da kusan sau biyu. An tabbatar da harsashi mai girma da aka yi da wannan karfe ta hanyar gwajin harbi a cikin harbi don cika cikakkun bukatun fasaha. A halin yanzu, kasar Sin ta kammala aikin samar da kayayyaki, inda ta cimma burin da kasar Sin ta dade tana son maye gurbin tagulla da karfe a cikin harsashi.

 1.1.3 Rare ƙasa high manganese karfe da rare ƙasa jefa karfe

Ana amfani da ƙaramin ƙarfe mai girma na manganese mai ƙarancin ƙarfi don kera takalmin waƙa na tanki, kuma ana amfani da ƙarancin ƙasan simintin ƙarfe don kera fuka-fukan wutsiya, birki na muzzle da sassan tsarin manyan bindigogi na zubar da sabot mai sauri-Armour-sokin, wanda zai iya rage hanyoyin sarrafawa, inganta yawan amfani da karfe, da kuma cimma maƙasudin dabara da fasaha.

A da, kayan da aka yi amfani da su don gawawwakin majigi na gaban ɗakin a kasar Sin an yi su ne da ƙarfe mai tsauri tare da ƙarfe mai inganci wanda aka ƙara da ƙarfe 30% zuwa 40%. Saboda ƙarancin ƙarfinsa, babban ɓarna, ƙaranci kuma mara kaifi na ɓangarorin ɓarke ​​​​bayan fashewa, da raunin ikon kashewa, an taɓa samun cikas ga ci gaban ɗakin ginin gaban ginin. Tun daga shekara ta 1963, an ƙera nau'ikan nau'ikan turmi daban-daban ta amfani da baƙin ƙarfe mara nauyi na ƙasa, wanda ya haɓaka kayan aikin injin ɗin su sau 1-2, ya ninka adadin gutsuttsura masu tasiri, kuma ya kaifafa kaifin guntuwar, yana haɓaka ikon kashe su sosai. Ingantacciyar adadin gutsuttsura da radius mai tsananin kisa na wani nau'in harsashi na Cannon da harsashin bindigar Field da aka yi da wannan abu a China sun fi na bawo na karfe.

Aiwatar da abubuwan da ba na ƙarfe ba na ƙasa kamar magnesium da aluminum a cikin fasahar soja ta zamani

 Rare ƙasayana da babban aikin sinadari da manyan radius Atomic. Lokacin da aka kara da shi zuwa karafa da ba na ƙarfe ba da kayan haɗin su, yana iya tsaftace hatsi, hana rarrabuwa, zubar da ruwa, kawar da ƙazanta da tsarkakewa, da inganta tsarin metallographic, don cimma cikakkiyar manufar inganta kayan inji, kayan jiki da kayan sarrafawa. . Ma'aikatan kayan aiki a gida da waje sun ƙirƙira sabbin abubuwan da ba a taɓa gani ba na ƙasa na magnesium, gami da aluminium, gami da titanium, da superalloys ta amfani da wannan kadarar ƙasa mai ƙarancin ƙarfi. An yi amfani da waɗannan samfuran sosai a cikin fasahar soja na zamani kamar jirgin sama na yaƙi, jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu, jirage masu saukar ungulu, motocin jirage marasa matuƙa, da tauraron dan adam masu linzami.

2.1 Rare ƙasa magnesium gami

Rare ƙasa magnesium gamisuna da ƙayyadaddun ƙarfi na musamman, na iya rage nauyin jirgin sama, haɓaka aikin dabara, kuma suna da fa'idodin aikace-aikace. Abubuwan da ba a sani ba na ƙasan ƙasa magnesium gami da Kamfanin Masana'antar Jiragen Sama na China ya haɓaka (wanda ake kira AVIC daga baya) sun haɗa da kusan maki 10 na simintin ƙarfe na simintin simintin gyare-gyare na magnesium gami da naƙasasshiyar ma'adinan magnesium, yawancin waɗanda aka yi amfani da su wajen samarwa kuma suna da inganci. Misali, ZM 6 ya jefa gami da magnesium tare da ƙarancin ƙarfe neodymium na ƙasa kamar yadda aka faɗaɗa babban abin ƙari don amfani da shi don amfani da mahimman sassa kamar su raguwar raguwar hawan helikofta, haƙarƙarin yaƙi, da faranti na matsi na gubar rotor don janareta 30 kW. The rare earth high-ƙarfi Magnesium gami BM 25 hadin gwiwa ɓullo da AVIC Corporation da Nonferrous Karfe Corporation ya maye gurbin wasu matsakaici ƙarfi aluminum gami kuma an yi amfani da tasiri jirgin sama.

2.2 Rare duniya titanium gami

A farkon shekarun 1970s, Cibiyar Kula da Kayan Aeronautical ta Beijing (wanda ake magana da ita a matsayin Cibiyar Kayayyakin Jiragen Sama) ta maye gurbin wasu aluminum da silicon tare da cerium mai ƙarancin ƙasa (Ce) a cikin gami da Ti-A1-Mo titanium, yana iyakance hazo na raguwa da raguwa. inganta juriyar zafin gami da inganta yanayin zafi. A kan wannan, an ƙirƙiri babban aikin simintin gyare-gyare mai ƙarfi titanium gami da ZT3 mai ɗauke da cerium. Idan aka kwatanta da irin wannan gami na kasa da kasa, yana da wasu fa'idodi dangane da ƙarfin juriya na zafi da aikin aiwatarwa. Ana amfani da kwandon kwandon da aka ƙera da shi don injin W PI3 II, tare da raguwar nauyin kilogiram 39 a kowane jirgin sama da ƙaruwar matsawa zuwa nauyin nauyi na 1.5%. Bugu da kari, raguwar matakan sarrafawa da kusan kashi 30% ya samu gagarumar fa'ida ta fasaha da tattalin arziki, wanda ya cike gibin da ake samu wajen yin amfani da simintin simintin gyare-gyare na injinan jiragen sama a kasar Sin da maki 500. Bincike ya nuna cewa akwai ƙananan cerium oxide barbashi a cikin microstructure na ZT3 alloy dauke da cerium. Cerium ya haɗu da wani yanki na iskar oxygen a cikin gami don samar da taurin mai da ƙarfirare duniya oxidekayan, Ce2O3. Wadannan barbashi suna hana motsi na ɓarna a lokacin tsarin nakasar allo, inganta yanayin zafi mai zafi na gami. Cerium yana ɗaukar wani yanki na ƙazantar iskar gas (musamman a iyakokin hatsi), wanda zai iya ƙarfafa gami yayin da yake samun kwanciyar hankali mai kyau. Wannan shine yunƙuri na farko na amfani da ka'idar mai wahala mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi a cikin simintin ƙarfe na simintin ƙarfe. Bugu da kari, Cibiyar Nazarin Aeronautical Materials ta ci gaba da kwanciyar hankali da arhaYttrium (III) oxideyashi da foda ta hanyar shekaru na bincike da fasaha na jiyya na ma'adinai na musamman a cikin ingantaccen tsarin simintin simintin ƙarfe. Ya kai matsayi mafi kyau dangane da ƙayyadaddun nauyi, tauri da kwanciyar hankali ga ruwa na titanium, kuma ya nuna fa'idodi mafi girma a cikin daidaitawa da sarrafa aikin slurry harsashi. Babban fa'idar amfaniYttrium (III) oxideharsashi don kera simintin simintin gyare-gyaren titanium shine cewa a ƙarƙashin yanayin ingancin simintin simintin da matakin tsari sun yi daidai da tsarin suturar tungsten, za a iya kera simintin gyare-gyaren simintin gyare-gyaren titanium mai bakin ciki fiye da tsarin suturar tungsten. A halin yanzu, an yi amfani da wannan tsari sosai wajen kera jiragen sama daban-daban, da injina, da simintin gyare-gyare na farar hula.

2.3 Rare ƙasa aluminum gami

Simintin simintin gyare-gyaren aluminium HZL206 wanda AVIC ya haɓaka yana da mafi girman yanayin zafin jiki da kayan aikin injin daki idan aka kwatanta da na waje gami da ke ɗauke da nickel, kuma ya kai matakin ci gaba na irin wannan gami a ƙasashen waje. Yanzu ana amfani da shi azaman bawul mai jure matsin lamba don jirage masu saukar ungulu da jirage masu saukar ungulu tare da zafin aiki na 300 ℃, maye gurbin ƙarfe da gami da titanium. An rage nauyin tsarin kuma an sanya shi cikin samar da taro. Ƙarfin jujjuyawar ƙarancin aluminum silicon hypereutectic gami ZL117 a 200-300 ℃ ya wuce na yammacin Jamus piston gami KS280 da KS282. Juriyar sawa shine sau 4-5 mafi girma fiye da na piston alloys ZL108 da aka saba amfani da shi, tare da ƙaramin ƙima na faɗaɗa madaidaiciya da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau. An yi amfani da shi a cikin na'urorin haɗi na jirgin sama KY-5, KY-7 iska compressors, da pistons model na jirgin sama. Ƙara abubuwan da ba kasafai ba a duniya zuwa ga gami na aluminium yana inganta haɓakar microstructure da kaddarorin inji. Tsarin aikin abubuwan da ba kasafai ba a cikin aluminium alloys shine: samuwar rarrabawar rarraba, tare da ƙananan mahadi na aluminum suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ƙarfafa kashi na biyu; Ƙarin abubuwan da ba su da yawa na duniya suna taka rawar Catharsis mai lalata, don haka rage adadin pores a cikin gami da inganta aikin gami; Rare ƙasa aluminum mahadi suna aiki a matsayin iri-iri na tsakiya don tace hatsi da eutectic matakai, kuma su ne mai gyarawa; Abubuwan da ba kasafai ba na duniya suna inganta samuwar da gyaran matakan ƙarfe mai arzikin ƙarfe, suna rage illolinsu. α- Adadin bayani mai ƙarfi na baƙin ƙarfe a cikin A1 yana raguwa tare da haɓakar ƙari na ƙasa da ba kasafai ba, wanda kuma yana da amfani don haɓaka ƙarfi da filastik.

Aiwatar da Kayan Konewar Duniya Rare a Fasahar Soja ta Zamani

3.1 Tsabtace karafa na duniya

Ƙarfe-ƙarfe na ƙasa masu ƙarancin ƙarfi, saboda abubuwan sinadarai masu aiki, suna da saurin amsawa tare da oxygen, sulfur, da nitrogen don samar da barga mahadi. Lokacin da aka fuskanci matsanancin rikici da tasiri, tartsatsin wuta na iya kunna abubuwa masu ƙonewa. Saboda haka, a farkon 1908, an yi shi da dutse. An gano cewa a cikin abubuwa 17 da ba kasafai ake samun su ba, abubuwa shida, da suka hada da cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, praseodymium, samarium, da yttrium, suna da kyakkyawan aikin kone-kone. Mutane sun ƙera makamai daban-daban masu ƙonewa dangane da kone-kone na karafa da ba kasafai suke yi ba. Misali, makami mai linzami mai nauyin kilogiram 227 na Amurka "Mark 82" yana amfani da na'urorin karfen da ba kasafai ba, wadanda ba kawai ke haifar da illar kisa ba har ma da konewa. Jirgin saman yakin Amurka na "damping man" na makamin roka yana sanye da sandunan murabba'in karfe 108 na duniya da ba kasafai ba a matsayin layi, wanda ya maye gurbin wasu gutsuttsuran da aka riga aka kera. Gwajin fashe-fashe a tsaye ya nuna cewa ikonsa na kunna man jiragen sama ya fi na wanda ba shi da layi da kashi 44%.

3.2 Gaurayawan karafa da ba kasafai ba

Saboda tsadar tsaftaƘarfe na ƙasa mai wuyas, ƙananan karafa na ƙasa da ba kasafai ake amfani da su ba a cikin makaman konewa a ƙasashe daban-daban. A hadaddun rare ƙasa karfe konewa wakili aka ɗora Kwatancen a cikin karfe harsashi a karkashin high matsa lamba, tare da konewa yawan adadin (1.9 ~ 2.1) × 103 kg / m3, konewa gudun 1.3-1.5 m / s, harshen wuta diamita na game da 500 mm. da zafin wuta har zuwa 1715-2000 ℃. Bayan konewa, jikin da ke haskakawa ya kasance yana zafi fiye da mintuna 5. A lokacin mamayar Vietnam, sojojin Amurka sun yi amfani da na'urori masu saukar ungulu wajen harba gurneti mai girman 40mm, wanda ke cike da wani rufin wuta da aka yi da gauraye da karfen kasa. Bayan da abin ya fashe, kowane guntu mai rufin wuta zai iya kunna abin da ake nufi. A wancan lokacin, samar da bam a kowane wata ya kai zagaye 200000, tare da matsakaicin 260000.

3.3 Rare ƙasa kone gami gami

The rare duniya kone gami da nauyi na 100g iya samar 200 ~ 3000 kindlings, rufe wani babban yanki, wanda yake daidai da kashe radius na Armour-sokin ammour da sulke projectile. Don haka, haɓaka harsasai masu yawa tare da ikon konewa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin haɓaka harsashi a gida da waje. Ga harsashin sokin sulke da harsashi mai sulke, dabararsu na bukatar cewa bayan huda sulke na tankin abokan gaba, za su iya kunna mai da harsashinsu don lalata tankin gaba daya. Don bama-bamai, ana buƙatar kunna kayan aikin soji da wuraren dabarun kashe su. An bayar da rahoton cewa, wata na'urar da ba kasafai ba na filastik da aka yi a cikin Amurka, an yi ta ne da nailan da aka ƙarfafa fiber fiber tare da gaurayawan harsashi na ƙasa da ba kasafai ba a ciki, wanda ke da tasiri mai kyau a kan man jiragen sama da makamantansu.

Aiwatar da Kayayyakin Duniya Rare a cikin Kariyar Soja da Fasahar Nukiliya

4.1 Aikace-aikace a Fasahar Kariyar Soja

Abubuwan da ba kasafai ba suna da kaddarorin juriya na radiation. Cibiyar giciye ta Neutron ta ƙasa ta Amurka ta yi nau'ikan faranti guda biyu masu kauri na mm 10 ta hanyar amfani da kayan polymer a matsayin kayan tushe, tare da ko ba tare da ƙarin abubuwan da ba kasafai ba, don gwajin kariya daga radiation. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa tasirin garkuwar neutron na thermal na kayan aikin polymer da ba kasafai ba ya fi sau 5-6 fiye da na kayan polymer da ba safai ba. Daga cikin su, abubuwan da ba kasafai suke da su ba tare da Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy da sauran abubuwa suna da mafi girman sashin ƙetare na Neutron Absorption da sakamako mai kyau na kama neutron. A halin yanzu, manyan aikace-aikacen da ba kasafai ake amfani da su ba na kariyar hasken duniya a cikin fasahar soja sun haɗa da abubuwa masu zuwa.

4.1.1 Kare radiation ta nukiliya

Amurka tana amfani da 1% boron da kashi 5% na abubuwan da ba kasafai bagadolinium, samarikumalantanumdon yin siminti mai kauri mai kauri na 600mm don kare tushen fission Neutron na reactor pool. Faransa ta ƙera wani abu mai ƙarancin kariya ta ƙasa ta hanyar ƙara Boride, mahaɗar ƙasa da ba kasafai ba ko garin ƙasa da ba kasafai ba zuwa graphite azaman kayan tushe. Ana buƙatar filler na wannan kayan kariya mai haɗaka da za a rarraba shi daidai kuma a sanya shi cikin sassan da aka riga aka tsara, wanda aka sanya a kusa da tashar reactor bisa ga bukatun daban-daban na wurin kariya.

4.1.2 Tank thermal radiation garkuwa

Ya ƙunshi yadudduka huɗu na veneer, tare da jimlar kauri na 5-20 cm. Na farko Layer aka yi da gilashin fiber ƙarfafa filastik, tare da inorganic foda kara da 2% rare duniya mahadi a matsayin fillers toshe sauri neutrons da sha jinkirin neutrons; Yadudduka na biyu da na uku suna ƙara graphite boron, polystyrene, da ƙananan abubuwan duniya waɗanda ke lissafin kashi 10% na jimillar filler a cikin tsohon don toshe tsaka-tsakin neutrons na makamashi da kuma ɗaukar neutrons na thermal; Layer na huɗu yana amfani da graphite maimakon gilashin fiber, kuma yana ƙara 25% ma'auni na ƙasa da ba kasafai ba don ɗaukar neutrons na thermal.

4.1.3 Wasu

Aiwatar da abin rufe fuska da ba kasafai ba a kan tankuna, jiragen ruwa, matsuguni, da sauran kayan aikin soja na iya samun tasirin juriyar radiation.

4.2 Aikace-aikace a Fasahar Nukiliya

Rare earth Yttrium(III) oxide za a iya amfani da matsayin konawa absorber na uranium man a cikin Tafasa ruwa reactor (BWR). Daga cikin dukkan abubuwa, gadolinium yana da mafi ƙarfi ikon sha neutrons, tare da kusan 4600 hari a kowace zarra. Kowane zarra na gadolinium na halitta yana ɗaukar matsakaicin neutrons 4 kafin gazawar. Lokacin da aka haɗe shi da uranium mai fissionable, gadolinium na iya haɓaka konewa, rage yawan amfani da uranium, da haɓaka fitar da makamashi. Ba kamar boron carbide ba,Gadolinium (III) oxideba ya haifar da deuterium, samfurin cutarwa. Zai iya daidaita duka man uranium da kayan shafansa a cikin martanin Nukiliya. Amfanin amfani da gadolinium maimakon boron shine ana iya haɗa gadolinium kai tsaye da uranium don hana faɗaɗa sandar mai na nukiliya. Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, akwai injinan nukiliya 149 da aka shirya ginawa a duniya, 115 daga cikinsu na'urorin da ake amfani da su na ruwa ne da ake matsa lamba.kasa kasah Gadolinium (III) oxide.Rare earth samarium,europium, kuma an yi amfani da dysprosium azaman masu ɗaukar neutron a cikin masu samar da neutron. Rare ƙasayttriumyana da ɗan ƙaramin yanki mai kamawa a cikin neutrons kuma ana iya amfani da shi azaman kayan bututu don narkakken gishirin reactors. Za a iya amfani da ɗan ƙaramin foil ɗin da aka ƙara tare da gadolinium na ƙasa mai wuya da dysprosium azaman mai gano filin neutron a cikin sararin samaniya da injiniyan masana'antar nukiliya, ƙaramin adadin thulium da erbium na ƙasa da ba kasafai za a iya amfani da shi azaman abin da aka yi niyya na janareta na bututun Neutron, da ƙasa mai wuya. europium oxide baƙin ƙarfe cermet za a iya amfani da su yi wani ingantattun reactor iko goyon bayan farantin. Hakanan ana iya amfani da gadolinium da ba kasafai ba a matsayin abin da ake ƙarawa don hana raɗaɗin bam na neutron, kuma motocin sulke da aka lulluɓe da wani shafi na musamman mai ɗauke da gadolinium oxide na iya hana hasken neutron. Ana amfani da ytterbium da ba kasafai ake amfani da shi ba a cikin kayan aiki don auna damuwa na ƙasa sakamakon fashewar makaman nukiliya a ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Lokacin da ƙarancin ƙasa ytterbium ya kasance ƙarƙashin ƙarfi, juriya yana ƙaruwa, kuma ana iya amfani da canjin juriya don ƙididdige matsi da aka yi. Haɗa foil gadolinium na ƙasa da ba kasafai ba wanda aka ajiye kuma a haɗa shi tare da wani abu mai damuwa ana iya amfani da shi don auna yawan damuwa na nukiliya.

Aikace-aikacen Kayan Magnet na Dindindin na Duniya 5 Rare a Fasahar Soja ta Zamani

Abun maganadisu na dindindin na duniya da ba kasafai ba, wanda aka sani da sabon ƙarni na sarkin maganadisu, a halin yanzu shine mafi girman ingantaccen aiki na dindindin da aka sani. Yana da mafi girman kaddarorin maganadisu fiye da sau 100 fiye da karfen maganadisu da aka yi amfani da su a kayan aikin soja a shekarun 1970. A halin yanzu, ya zama wani muhimmin abu a cikin sadarwar fasahar lantarki ta zamani. Ana amfani da shi a cikin bututu mai balaguro da masu zazzagewa a cikin tauraron dan adam na duniya, radars da sauran fannoni. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmancin aikin soja.

Ana amfani da maganadisu na SmCo da maganadisu NdFeB don hasken wutar lantarki da ke mai da hankali a cikin tsarin jagora na Makami mai linzami. Magnets sune manyan na'urori masu mayar da hankali na katako na lantarki, wanda ke watsa bayanai zuwa saman da ke sarrafa makami mai linzami. Akwai kusan fam 5-10 (2.27-4.54 kg) na maganadisu a cikin kowace na'urar jagora ta makami mai linzami. Bugu da kari, ana kuma amfani da magnetan ƙasa da ba kasafai ake amfani da su ba don tuƙa injina da kuma jujjuya Rudder # Jirgin sama na makamai masu linzami masu shiryarwa. Fa'idodin su sun fi ƙarfin maganadisu da nauyi mai nauyi fiye da na asali Al Ni Co maganadiso.

Aiwatar da Kayayyakin Laser Rare Duniya a Fasahar Soja ta Zamani

Laser sabon nau'in tushen hasken haske ne wanda ke da kyakkyawan monochromaticity, shugabanci, da daidaituwa, kuma yana iya samun haske mai girma. Laser da rare earth Laser kayan an haife su lokaci guda. Ya zuwa yanzu, kusan kashi 90% na kayan Laser sun ƙunshi ƙasa da ba kasafai ba. Misali, Yttrium aluminum garnet crystal Laser ne da aka yi amfani da shi sosai wanda zai iya samun ci gaba da fitarwa mai ƙarfi a cikin ɗaki. Aikace-aikacen lasers mai ƙarfi a cikin soja na zamani ya haɗa da abubuwa masu zuwa.

6.1 Laser kewayon

Neodymium doped yttrium aluminum garnet da aka haɓaka a Amurka, Birtaniya, Faransa, Jamus da sauran ƙasashe na iya auna nisa na 4000 ~ 20000 m tare da daidaito na 5 m. Tsarin makaman kamar US MI, Damisa na II na Jamus, Lecler na Faransa, Nau'in 90 na Japan, Mekava na Isra'ila, da sabon tanki na Challenger 2 na Burtaniya duk suna amfani da irin wannan nau'in na'urar ganowa ta Laser. A halin yanzu, wasu ƙasashe suna haɓaka sabon ƙarni na ingantattun na'urori masu linzami na laser don kare lafiyar ido na ɗan adam, tare da tsayin daka na aiki daga 1.5 zuwa 2.1 μ M. Na'urar sarrafa laser ta hannu wanda Amurka da Ingila suka kirkira ta amfani da holmium doped. Yttrium lithium fluoride Laser yana da bandeji mai aiki na 2.06 μM, wanda ya kai mita 3000. Amurka da Kamfanin Laser na kasa da kasa suma sun yi amfani da Laser na erbium-doped Yttrium lithium fluoride Laser tare da ɓullo da tsayin daka na 1.73 μM na Laser rangefinder da sojoji masu tarin yawa. Matsakaicin tsayin Laser na na'urorin aikin soja na kasar Sin shine 1.06 μM, daga 200 zuwa 7000 m. A yayin harba rokoki masu cin dogon zango, da makamai masu linzami da gwajin tauraron dan adam na sadarwa, kasar Sin ta samu muhimman bayanai a cikin ma'aunin ta hanyar Laser TV Theodolite.

6.2 Jagorar Laser

Bama-bamai masu jagorar Laser suna amfani da laser don jagorar tasha. Ana hasarar makasudin tare da Laser Nd · YAG wanda ke fitar da dumbin bugun jini a cikin dakika daya. An lissafta bugun jini, kuma ƙwanƙolin haske na iya jagorantar martanin makami mai linzami, ta yadda zai hana tsangwama daga harba makami mai linzami da cikas da abokan gaba suka kafa. Misali, sojojin Amurka GBV-15 Glide bam da ake kira "smart bomb". Hakazalika, ana iya amfani da shi don kera harsashi masu shiryarwa na Laser.

6.3 Sadarwar Laser

Baya ga Nd · YAG ana iya amfani da shi don sadarwar Laser, fitarwar Laser na lithium tetra Neodymium (III) phosphate crystal (LNP) ya zama polarized kuma mai sauƙin daidaitawa. An yi la'akari da kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun kayan micro Laser, wanda ya dace da tushen haske na sadarwa na fiber na gani, kuma ana sa ran za a yi amfani da shi a cikin haɗin gwiwar na'urorin gani da sararin samaniya. Bugu da kari, Yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12) guda crystal za a iya amfani da matsayin daban-daban magnetostatic surface kalaman na'urorin ta microwave hadewa tsari, wanda ya sa na'urorin hadedde da kuma miniaturized, kuma yana da musamman aikace-aikace a cikin radar m iko da telemetry, kewayawa da lantarki countermeasures.

Aiwatar da Kayayyakin Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararrun Duniya 7 a Fasahar Soja ta Zamani

Lokacin da abu ya kasance ƙasa da ƙayyadaddun zafin jiki, lamarin cewa juriya ba shi da sifili, wato, Superconductivity, yana faruwa. Zazzabi shine matsanancin zafin jiki (Tc). Superconductors su ne antimagnets. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya yi ƙasa da matsananciyar zafin jiki, superconductors suna korar duk wani filin maganadisu da ke ƙoƙarin yin amfani da su. Wannan shine abin da ake kira tasirin Meissner. Ƙara abubuwan da ba kasafai ba a duniya zuwa kayan sarrafa kayan aiki na iya ƙara ƙimar zafin jiki mai mahimmanci Tc. Wannan ya inganta haɓakawa da aikace-aikace na kayan aiki da yawa. A cikin 1980s, Amurka, Japan da sauran ƙasashe masu ci gaba sun ci gaba da ƙara wani adadin lanthanum, yttrium, europium, erbium da sauran abubuwan da ba su da yawa na duniya zuwa ga Barium oxide da Copper (II) oxide mahadi, waɗanda aka gauraye, manne da kuma sintered zuwa ga. samar da superconducting yumbu kayan, yin m aikace-aikace na superconducting fasaha, musamman a cikin soja aikace-aikace, mafi m.

7.1 Superconducting hadedde da'irori

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kasashen waje sun gudanar da bincike game da aikace-aikacen fasaha mai mahimmanci a cikin kwamfutoci na lantarki, kuma sun ɓullo da manyan hanyoyin haɗin gwiwar da'irori ta hanyar amfani da kayan yumbura masu girma. Idan ana amfani da wannan haɗaɗɗiyar da'ira don kera kwamfutoci masu ƙarfi, ba ƙaramin girmansa ba ne, nauyi mai nauyi, kuma ya dace da amfani, amma kuma yana da saurin kwamfuta sau 10 zuwa 100 fiye da kwamfutocin semiconductor.