Ceriumkarfe ne mai launin toka kuma mai raye-raye tare da yawa na 6.9g/cm3 (cubic crystal), 6.7g/cm3 (kristal hexagonal), wurin narkewa na 795 ℃, wurin tafasa na 3443 ℃, da ductility. Shi ne karfen lanthanide da ya fi kowa yawa a halitta. Lanƙwasa cerium sau da yawa yakan fantsama tartsatsi.
Ceriumyana da sauƙi oxidized a dakin da zafin jiki kuma ya rasa haske a cikin iska. Ana iya kona shi a cikin iska ta hanyar gogewa da wuka (tsabta cerium ba ta da saurin konewa ba tare da bata lokaci ba, amma yana da saurin konewa ba tare da bata lokaci ba lokacin da aka ɗan ɗanɗana oxidized ko gami da baƙin ƙarfe). Lokacin da zafi, yana ƙonewa a cikin iska don samar da ceria. Zai iya amsawa da ruwan zãfi don samar da cerium hydroxide, mai narkewa a cikin acid amma maras narkewa a cikin alkali.
1. Sirrin sinadarin cerium
Cerium,tare da lambar atomic na 58, nasa neabubuwan da ba kasafai bakuma shine sinadarin lanthanide a rukunin IIIB na tsarin lokaci na shida. Alamar farko ita ceCe, kuma ƙarfe ne mai launin toka na azurfa. Fodansa yana da saurin konewa a cikin iska kuma yana iya narkewa cikin sauƙi a cikin acid da rage wakilai. Sunan cerium ya fito ne daga gaskiyar cewa abun ciki na cerium a cikin ɓawon burodin ƙasa ya kai kusan 0.0046%, yana mai da shi mafi yawan abubuwan duniya da ba kasafai ba.
A cikin dangin da ba kasafai ba, cerium ba shakka shine "babban ɗan'uwa". Da fari dai, jimillar yawan ƙasa da ba kasafai ba a cikin ɓawon burodin duniya shine 238 ppm, tare da cerium ya kai 68 ppm, wanda shine kashi 28% na jimlar rarraba ƙasa da ba kasafai ba kuma ya fara matsayi na farko; Na biyu, cerium shine sinadari na duniya da ba kasafai aka gano shi ba shekaru tara bayan ganoyttriuma cikin 1794. A halin yanzu, an sabunta bayanan da suka dace, za ku iya duba gidan yanar gizon bayanai donlabaran kasuwanci.
2. Babban amfani da cerium
1. Kayayyakin abokantaka na muhalli, tare da mafi yawan aikace-aikacen wakilci shine abubuwan da ke haifar da shayewar motoci. Ƙara cerium zuwa abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su na ƙarafa masu daraja irin su platinum, rhodium, palladium, da dai sauransu na iya inganta aikin haɓakawa da rage adadin karafa masu daraja da ake amfani da su. Babban gurɓataccen gurɓataccen iskar gas shine carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, da ammonia oxides, waɗanda za su iya shafar tsarin hematopoietic na ɗan adam, suna haifar da hayaki mai guba na photochemical, kuma suna haifar da carcinogens, wanda ke haifar da lalacewa ga mutane, dabbobi, da tsirrai. Fasahar tsarkakewa ta ternary na iya cika oxidize hydrocarbons da carbon monoxide don samar da carbon dioxide da ruwa, da kuma lalata oxides zuwa ammonia da oxygen (don haka sunan ternary catalysis).
2. Sauya karafa masu cutarwa: Cerium sulfide na iya maye gurbin karafa irin su gubar da cadmium masu illa ga muhalli da kuma dan Adam a matsayin mai canza launin jan robobi. Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi a cikin masana'antu kamar sutura, tawada, da takarda. Ana kuma amfani da mahadi na halitta irin su cerium wadataccen haske mai ƙarancin ƙasa cyclic acid salts kuma ana amfani da su azaman abubuwan bushewar fenti, masu gyara filastik filastik, da masu gyara nailan MC. Za su iya maye gurbin abubuwa masu guba kamar gishirin gubar da kuma rage kayan tsada kamar hako gishiri. 3. Masu kula da haɓakar shuka, galibi abubuwan da ba a taɓa samun haske ba irin su cerium, na iya haɓaka ingancin amfanin gona, ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa, da haɓaka juriya ga amfanin gona. An yi amfani da shi azaman ƙari na abinci, yana iya ƙara yawan samar da ƙwai na kiwon kaji da ƙimar rayuwar kifaye da noman shrimp, da kuma inganta ingancin ulu na tumaki masu gashi.
3. Common mahadi na cerium
1.Cerium oxide- wani inorganic abu tare da sinadaran dabaraCeO2, rawaya mai haske ko launin ruwan rawaya mai taimako foda. Matsakaicin 7.13g/cm3, wurin narkewa 2397 ℃, wanda ba a iya narkewa cikin ruwa da alkali, mai narkewa cikin acid. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da kayan goge-goge, masu haɓakawa, masu ɗaukar kuzari (haɓaka), masu ɗaukar ultraviolet, electrolytes na man fetur, masu shayewar motoci, yumbu na lantarki, da sauransu.
2. Cerium sulfide - tare da tsarin kwayoyin CeS, sabon launin kore ne kuma mai dacewa da muhalli wanda ake amfani dashi a cikin filayen robobi, sutura, fenti, pigments, da dai sauransu. Yana da wani abu mai launin ja tare da launin rawaya mai launin ruwan kasa. Kasancewa ga inorganic pigments, yana da ƙarfin canza launi, launi mai haske, juriya mai kyau na zafin jiki, juriya mai haske, juriya na yanayi, kyakkyawan ikon rufewa, rashin ƙaura, kuma kyakkyawan abu ne mai maye gurbin manyan abubuwan inorganic pigments kamar cadmium ja.
3. Cerium chloride- wanda kuma aka sani da cerium trichloride, anhydrous necerium chlorideko wani hydrated fili na cerium chloride wanda ke fusatar da idanu, tsarin numfashi, da fata. Ana amfani da shi a masana'antu irin su masu haɓakar mai, abubuwan da ke haifar da fitar da motoci, tsaka-tsakin mahadi, da kuma samar dakarfe cerium.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-12-2024