Gadolinium, kashi na 64 na tebur na lokaci-lokaci.
Lanthanide a cikin tebur na lokaci-lokaci babban iyali ne, kuma abubuwan sinadaran su suna kama da juna sosai, don haka yana da wahala a raba su. A cikin 1789, masanin kimiyyar Finnish John Gadolin ya sami ƙarfe oxide kuma ya gano oxide na farko da ba kasafai ba.Yttrium (III) oxideta hanyar bincike, buɗe tarihin gano abubuwan da ba kasafai ba a duniya. A cikin 1880, masanin kimiyya dan Sweden Demeriak ya gano wasu sabbin abubuwa guda biyu, wanda daga baya aka tabbatar da cewa daya daga cikinsu ya kasance.samari, dayan kuma a hukumance an bayyana shi a matsayin sabon sinadari, gadolinium, bayan da wani masanin kimiyar Faransa Debuwa Bodeland ya tsarkake shi.
Gadolinium element ya samo asali ne daga silicon beryllium gadolinium ore, wanda yake da arha, mai laushi a cikin rubutu, mai kyau a cikin ductility, maganadisu a dakin da zafin jiki, kuma wani nau'in ƙasa ne mai ƙarancin aiki. Yana da ɗan kwanciyar hankali a cikin busasshiyar iska, amma yana rasa haske cikin zafi, yana yin sako-sako da sauƙi kamar farin oxides. Lokacin da aka ƙone a cikin iska, yana iya haifar da farin oxides. Gadolinium yana amsawa a hankali da ruwa kuma yana iya narkewa cikin acid don samar da gishiri mara launi. Abubuwan sinadarai nasa sun yi kama da sauran Lanthanide, amma kayan aikin sa na gani da na maganadisu sun ɗan bambanta. Gadolinium shine Paramagnetism a yanayin zafi da kuma ferromagnetic bayan sanyaya. Ana iya amfani da halayensa don inganta abubuwan maganadisu na dindindin.
Yin amfani da Paramagnetism na gadolinium, wakilin gadolinium da aka samar ya zama wakili mai kyau ga NMR. An fara gudanar da binciken kai na fasahar fasahar maganadisu ta nukiliya, kuma an sami lambobin yabo na Nobel guda 6 masu alaka da shi. Amsar maganadisu ta nukiliya galibi tana faruwa ne ta hanyar juzu'in motsin atomic nuclei, kuma motsin motsin nuclei daban-daban ya bambanta. Dangane da igiyoyin wutar lantarki da ake fitarwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban na attenuation a cikin mahalli daban-daban, ana iya tantance matsayi da nau'in nuclei da ke tattare da wannan abu, kuma ana iya zana hoton da ke cikin abun. Karkashin aikin filin maganadisu, siginar fasahar fasahar maganadisu ta nukiliya ta fito ne daga juzu'in wasu kwayoyin atomic, irin su hydrogen nuclei a cikin ruwa. Koyaya, waɗannan nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta masu iya jujjuya suna da zafi a cikin filin RF na maganadisu, kama da tanda microwave, wanda yawanci yana raunana siginar fasahar hoton maganadisu. Gadolinium ion ba wai kawai yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi na lokacin maganadisu ba, wanda ke taimakawa juzu'in ƙwayar atomic, yana haɓaka yuwuwar ganewar ƙwayar cuta, amma kuma ta hanyar mu'ujiza tana yin sanyi. Duk da haka, gadolinium yana da wasu guba, kuma a cikin magani, ana amfani da ligands na chelating don rufe ions na gadolinium don hana su shiga cikin kyallen jikin mutum.
Gadolinium yana da tasiri mai karfi na magnetocaloric a dakin da zafin jiki, kuma yawan zafin jiki ya bambanta tare da ƙarfin filin maganadisu, wanda ya kawo aikace-aikacen mai ban sha'awa - firijin magnetic. A lokacin aikin refrigeration, saboda daidaitawar magnetic dipole, kayan maganadisu zasu yi zafi a ƙarƙashin wani filin maganadisu na waje. Lokacin da aka cire filin maganadisu kuma an keɓe shi, zafin abu yana raguwa. Irin wannan sanyaya na maganadisu na iya rage amfani da na'urori kamar Freon kuma suyi sanyi cikin sauri. A halin yanzu, duniya tana ƙoƙarin haɓaka aikace-aikacen gadolinium da kayan haɗin da ke cikin wannan filin, da kuma samar da ƙarami da ingantaccen na'urar sanyaya maganadisu. Karkashin amfani da gadolinium, ana iya samun yanayin zafi mara nauyi, don haka ana kuma san gadolinium a matsayin "ƙarfe mafi sanyi a duniya".
Gadolinium isotopes Gd-155 da Gd-157 suna da mafi girman ma'aunin zafi na neutron Absorption giciye tsakanin dukkan isotopes na Halitta, kuma suna iya amfani da ɗan ƙaramin gadolinium don sarrafa ayyukan yau da kullun na masu sarrafa nukiliya. Saboda haka, gadolinium tushen hasken ruwa reactors da gadolinium Control sanda aka haife, wanda zai iya inganta aminci na nukiliya reactor yayin da rage farashin.
Gadolinium kuma yana da kyawawan kaddarorin gani kuma ana iya amfani da su don yin masu keɓance na gani, kama da diodes a cikin da'irori, wanda kuma aka sani da diodes masu fitar da haske. Wannan nau'in diode mai fitar da haske ba wai kawai yana ba da damar haske ya wuce ta hanya ɗaya ba, har ma yana toshe tunanin echoes a cikin fiber na gani, yana tabbatar da tsabtar watsa siginar gani da haɓaka ingancin watsawar igiyoyin haske. Gadolinium gallium garnet yana daya daga cikin mafi kyawun kayan da ake amfani da su don yin masu keɓancewa na gani.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-06-2023