Tantalumshi ne na uku refractory karfe bayantungstenkumarhenium. Tantalum yana da jerin kyawawan kaddarorin kamar babban wurin narkewa, ƙarancin tururi, kyakkyawan aikin sanyi mai kyau, kwanciyar hankali mai ƙarfi, juriya mai ƙarfi ga lalata ƙarfe na ruwa, da babban dielectric akai-akai na fim ɗin oxide. Yana da mahimman aikace-aikace a cikin manyan fasahohin fasaha kamar kayan lantarki, ƙarfe, ƙarfe, masana'antar sinadarai, gami da ƙarfi, makamashin atomic, fasaha mai ƙarfi, kayan lantarki na kera motoci, sararin samaniya, likitanci da lafiya, da binciken kimiyya. A halin yanzu, babban aikace-aikacen tantalum shine tantalum capacitors.
Ta yaya aka gano tantalum?
A tsakiyar karni na 7, an aika da wani babban ma'adinan baƙar fata da aka gano a Arewacin Amirka zuwa gidan tarihi na Biritaniya don adanawa. Bayan kimanin shekaru 150, har zuwa 1801, masanin ilmin sunadarai dan kasar Burtaniya Charles Hatchett ya karbi aikin nazarin wannan ma'adinai daga gidan tarihi na Biritaniya kuma ya gano wani sabon abu daga gare ta, ya sanya masa suna Columbium (daga baya aka sake masa suna Niobium). A cikin 1802, masanin kimiyar Sweden Anders Gustav Eckberg ya gano wani sabon sinadari ta hanyar nazarin wani ma'adinai (niobium tantalum ore) a cikin yankin Scandinavian Peninsula, wanda acid ɗinsa ya canza zuwa salts biyu na fluoride sannan aka sake sake shi. Ya sanya wa wannan kashi Tantalum sunan Tantalus, dan Zeus a tatsuniyar Giriki.
A cikin 1864, Christian William Blomstrang, Henry Edin St. Clair Deville, da Louis Joseph Trost sun tabbatar a fili cewa tantalum da niobium abubuwa ne daban-daban na sinadarai kuma suka ƙaddara tsarin sinadarai na wasu mahadi masu alaƙa. A cikin wannan shekarar, Demalinia ta ƙona tantalum chloride a cikin yanayin hydrogen kuma ta samar da ƙarfe tantalum a karon farko ta hanyar raguwa. Werner Bolton ya fara kera tantalum karfen tantalum ne a shekara ta 1903. Masana kimiyya ne suka fara amfani da hanyar da aka yi da shi don cire tantalum daga niobium. Demalinia ce ta gano wannan hanya a shekara ta 1866. Hanyar da masana kimiyya ke amfani da ita a yau ita ce cire sauran ƙarfi na maganin tantalum mai ɗauke da fluoride.
Tarihin ci gaban masana'antar tantalum
Ko da yake an gano tantalum a farkon karni na 19, amma sai a shekarar 1903 aka fara samar da tantalum mai karafa, kuma an fara samar da tantalum a masana'antu a shekarar 1922. Saboda haka, an fara samun bunkasuwar masana'antar tantalum ta duniya a shekarun 1920, kuma masana'antar tantalum ta kasar Sin ta fara ne a shekarar 1922. 1956. Amurka ita ce kasa ta farko a duniya da ta fara samar da tantalum, kuma ta fara samar da tantalum a sikelin masana'antu a shekarar 1922. Japan da sauran kasashe masu jari-hujja sun fara bunkasa masana'antar tantalum a karshen shekarun 1950 ko farkon 1960s. Bayan shekaru da yawa na ci gaba, samar da masana'antar tantalum a duniya ya kai wani babban matsayi. Tun daga shekarun 1990, an sami manyan kamfanonin sarrafa tantalum guda uku: Cabot Group daga Amurka, rukunin HCST daga Jamus, da Ningxia Oriental Tantalum Industry Co., Ltd. daga China. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi uku suna samar da sama da kashi 80% na samfuran tantalum na duniya. Samfura, fasahar sarrafawa, da matakin kayan aiki na masana'antar tantalum a ƙasashen waje gabaɗaya suna da girma, waɗanda ke biyan buƙatun saurin bunƙasa kimiyya da fasaha ta duniya.
An fara sana'ar tantalum a kasar Sin a shekarun 1960. A farkon matakan narka da sarrafa tantalum a kasar Sin, yawan samar da kayayyaki, da matakin fasaha, da ingancin kayayyaki, da inganci sun kasance bayan na kasashen da suka ci gaba. Tun daga shekarun 1990, musamman tun daga shekarar 1995, noman tantalum da ake yi a kasar Sin ya nuna saurin bunkasuwa. A halin yanzu, masana'antar tantalum ta kasar Sin ta samu sauyi daga kanana zuwa babba, daga soja zuwa farar hula, daga ciki zuwa waje, ta samar da tsarin masana'antu daya tilo a duniya tun daga hako ma'adinai, narkewa, sarrafa su zuwa aikace-aikace. Manyan, matsakaita, da ƙananan kayayyaki sun shiga kasuwannin duniya ta kowane fanni. Kasar Sin ta zama kasa ta uku mafi karfi a duniya wajen tace tantalum da sarrafa tantalum, kuma ta shiga sahun manyan kasashen duniya masu sana'ar tantalum.
Matsayin ci gaban masana'antar Tantalum a kasar Sin
Ci gaban masana'antar tantalum ta kasar Sin na fuskantar wasu matsaloli. Idan akwai karancin albarkatun kasa da karancin albarkatun kasa. Siffofin albarkatun tantalum da aka tabbatar da su na kasar Sin sun hada da jijiyoyi masu tarwatsa ma'adinai, hadadden tsarin ma'adinai, karancin darajar Ta2O5 a asalin ma'adanin ma'adinai, ingantaccen ma'adinan da ke hade da girman barbashi, da karancin albarkatun tattalin arziki, wanda hakan ya sa da wuya sake gina manyan ma'adanai. Ko da yake tantalum babba ceniobiumAn gano adibas a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, cikakkun bayanai game da yanayin kasa da ma'adinai, da kuma kimanta tattalin arziki, ba a bayyana ba. Don haka, akwai muhimman batutuwa game da samar da albarkatun tantalum na farko a kasar Sin.
Har ila yau, masana'antar tantalum a kasar Sin na fuskantar wani kalubale, wanda shi ne rashin isassun karfin bunkasar kayayyakin fasahohin zamani. Ba za a iya musanta cewa ko da yake fasahar masana'antar tantalum ta kasar Sin ta samu babban ci gaba, kuma tana da karfin samar da dimbin kayayyakin tantalum, amma abin kunya na rashin karfin aiki a tsakiya zuwa karami, da rashin isasshen karfin samar da kayayyaki masu inganci. samfurori irin su ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun iya aiki high-voltage tantalum foda da tantalum manufa kayan don semiconductor yana da wuya a juyo. Sakamakon rashin amfani da kuma rashin isassun karfin tuki na masana'antun fasahohin zamani na cikin gida, an yi illa ga bunkasuwar kayayyakin fasahohin zamani a masana'antar tantalum ta kasar Sin. Ta fuskar masana'antu, ci gaban masana'antar tantalum ba shi da jagora da tsari. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, masana'antun narkar da tantalum sun haɓaka cikin sauri daga farkon 5 zuwa 20, tare da kwafin gine-gine da kuma babban ƙarfin aiki.
A cikin shekarun da suka shafe suna gudanar da harkokin kasa da kasa, kamfanonin tantalum na kasar Sin sun inganta matakai da na'urorinsu, sun kara yawan kayayyaki, iri-iri, da inganci, sun shiga sahun manyan kasashe masu samar da tantalum da ake amfani da su. Muddin mun kara warware matsalolin da suka shafi albarkatun kasa, masana'antu na fasahohin zamani, da sake fasalin masana'antu, ko shakka babu masana'antar tantalum ta kasar Sin za ta shiga cikin manyan kasashen duniya.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-05-2024