Sihiri Rare Duniya Element: "Sarkin Magnet Dindindin" -Neodymium

bastnasite

Neodymium, lambar atomic 60, atomic nauyi 144.24, tare da abun ciki na 0.00239% a cikin ɓawon burodi, yafi wanzu a cikin monazite da bastnaesite. Akwai isotopes bakwai na neodymium a cikin yanayi: neodymium 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 148 da 150, daga cikinsu neodymium 142 yana da mafi girman abun ciki. Tare da haihuwar praseodymium, neodymium ya kasance. Zuwan neodymium ya kunna filin da ba kasafai ba kuma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikinsa. Kuma yana tasiri kasuwar duniya da ba kasafai ba.

Gano Neodymium

Karl Orvon Welsbach (1858-1929), wanda ya gano neodymium

A cikin 1885, masanin ilmin sunadarai na Austriya Carl Orvon Welsbach Carl Auer von Welsbach ya gano neodymium a Vienna. Ya ware neodymium da praseodymium daga kayan aikin neodymium na simmetric ta hanyar warewa da kristal ammonium nitrate tetrahydrate daga nitric acid, kuma a lokaci guda ya rabu ta hanyar bincike na gani, amma ba a raba shi cikin tsaftataccen tsari ba sai 1925.

Tun daga 1950s, babban neodymium mai tsabta (sama da 99%) an samo shi ne ta hanyar musayar ion na monazite. Karfe da kansa ana samunsa ne ta hanyar sanya gishirin halidensa. A halin yanzu, ana fitar da yawancin neodymium daga (Ce,La,Nd,Pr)CO3F a cikin basta Nathanite kuma ana tsarkake su ta hanyar cire sauran ƙarfi. Ion musayar tsarkakewa ajiyar cewa mafi girman tsarki (yawanci> 99.99%) don shirye-shirye.Saboda yana da wahala a cire alamar ƙarshe na praseodymium a zamanin lokacin da masana'anta ya dogara da fasahar crystallization mataki, gilashin neodymium na farko da aka kera a cikin 1930s yana da launin shuɗi mai tsabta. da karin sautin launin ja ko lemu fiye da sigar zamani.

Neodymium karfe

Metallic neodymium yana da haske mai haske na ƙarfe na azurfa, wurin narkewa na 1024°C, girman 7.004 g/cm, da paramagnetism. Neodymium yana daya daga cikin karafan da ba kasafai suke aiki da shi ba, wanda ke saurin yin iskar oxygen kuma ya yi duhu a cikin iska, sannan ya samar da wani Layer na Oxide sannan kuma ya bare, yana fallasa karfen zuwa kara kuzari. Sabili da haka, samfurin neodymium tare da girman santimita daya yana cike da oxidized a cikin shekara guda. Yana amsawa a hankali a cikin ruwan sanyi da sauri cikin ruwan zafi.

Tsarin lantarki na Neodymium

Tsarin lantarki:

1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f4

Ayyukan laser na neodymium yana faruwa ne ta hanyar sauyawar 4f orbital electrons tsakanin matakan makamashi daban-daban. Ana amfani da wannan kayan laser sosai a cikin sadarwa, ajiyar bayanai, magani na likita, machining, da dai sauransu. Daga cikinsu, yttrium aluminum garnet Y3Al5O12: Nd (YAG: Nd) ana amfani dashi sosai tare da kyakkyawan aiki, kuma Nd-doped gadolinium scandium gallium garnet tare da mafi girma. inganci.

Neodymium aikace-aikace

Mafi girman mai amfani da neodymium shine NdFeB kayan maganadisu na dindindin. NdFeB maganadisu ana kiransa "sarkin maganadisu na dindindin" saboda babban samfurin makamashin maganadisu. Ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin kayan lantarki, injina da sauran masana'antu don kyakkyawan aikin sa. Francis Wall, farfesa a fannin hakar ma'adinai a Cumberland School of Mining, Jami'ar Exeter, UK, ya ce: "Game da maganadisu, hakika babu wani abu da zai iya yin gasa da neodymium. Nasarar ci gaban Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer yana nuna cewa abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da maganadisu. na NdFeB maganadiso a kasar Sin sun shiga matakin duniya.

Neodymium magnet akan rumbun kwamfutarka

Ana iya amfani da Neodymium don yin yumbu, gilashin shunayya mai haske, ruby ​​na wucin gadi a cikin laser da gilashin musamman wanda zai iya tace hasken infrared. Ana amfani dashi tare da praseodymium don yin tabarau don masu busa gilashi.

Ƙara 1.5% ~ 2.5% nano neodymium oxide a cikin magnesium ko aluminum gami zai iya inganta aikin zafin jiki mai girma, ƙarfin iska da juriya na lalata, kuma ana amfani dashi a matsayin kayan sararin samaniya don jirgin sama.

Nano-yttrium aluminum garnet doped tare da nano-neodymium oxide samar da gajeren-kalaman Laser katako, wanda aka yadu amfani da waldi da yankan bakin ciki kayan da kauri kasa 10mm a masana'antu.

Nd: YAG Laser sanda

A cikin jiyya, nano yttrium aluminum garnet laser doped tare da nano neodymium oxide ana amfani da shi don cire raunukan tiyata ko kashe raunuka maimakon wukake na tiyata.

Gilashin Neodymium ana yin shi ta hanyar ƙara neodymium oxide cikin narkewar gilashi. Lavender yawanci yana fitowa a cikin gilashin neodymium a ƙarƙashin hasken rana ko fitilar wuta, amma shuɗi mai haske yana bayyana a ƙarƙashin hasken fitilar. Ana iya amfani da Neodymium don yin launi mai laushi na gilashi kamar violet mai tsabta, ruwan inabi ja da launin toka mai dumi.

gilashin neodymium

Tare da haɓaka kimiyya da fasaha da haɓakawa da haɓaka kimiyya da fasaha na duniya da ba kasafai ba, neodymium zai sami sararin amfani mai faɗi.