Praseodymium oxide,tsarin kwayoyin halittaFarashin 6O11, Nauyin kwayoyin 1021.44.
Ana iya amfani da shi a gilashin, ƙarfe, kuma azaman ƙari ga foda mai kyalli. Praseodymium oxide yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman samfuran cikin haskerare duniya kayayyakin.
Saboda kaddarorinsa na zahiri da na sinadarai, an yi amfani da shi sosai a fannoni kamar su yumbu, gilashin, ƙwanƙwasa na dindindin na duniya, abubuwan da ba su da yawa na fashewar ƙasa, ƙarancin goge foda, kayan niƙa, da ƙari, tare da kyakkyawan fata.
Tun daga shekarun 1990s, fasahar samar da kayan aikin kasar Sin na praseodymium oxide sun sami ingantuwa da ingantuwa sosai, tare da saurin bunkasuwar kayayyaki da kayan sarrafawa. Ba wai kawai zai iya saduwa da ƙarar aikace-aikacen cikin gida da buƙatun kasuwa ba, amma kuma akwai adadi mai yawa na fitarwa. Don haka, fasahar samar da kayayyakin da kasar Sin ke samarwa a halin yanzu, da kayayyakin da ake fitarwa na praseodymium oxide, da kuma bukatar samar da kayayyaki ga kasuwannin cikin gida da na waje, na daga cikin manyan masana'antu iri daya a duniya.
Kayayyaki
Black foda, yawa 6.88g/cm3, narkewar batu 2042 ℃, tafasar batu 3760 ℃. Mai narkewa cikin ruwa, mai narkewa a cikin acid don samar da salts trivalent. Kyakkyawan aiki mai kyau.
Magana
1. Hanyar rabuwar sinadarai. Ya haɗa da hanyar ƙirƙira juzu'i, hanyar hazo juzu'i da hanyar oxidation. An rabu da na farko bisa bambancin kristal solubility na nitrates na duniya da ba kasafai ba. Rabuwar ta dogara ne akan samfuran ƙarar hazo daban-daban na sarƙaƙƙiyar gishirin sulfate na ƙasa. An rabu da ƙarshen dangane da iskar shaka na trivalent Pr3+ zuwa tetravalent Pr4+. Ba a yi amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin guda uku ba a cikin samar da masana'antu saboda ƙarancin farfadowar duniya da ba kasafai ba, matakai masu rikitarwa, ayyuka masu wahala, ƙarancin fitarwa, da tsada mai tsada.
2. Hanyar rabuwa. Ciki har da hanyar rabuwa da hadaddun hakar da saponification P-507 hanyar rabuwa. Tsohon yana amfani da hadadden extrusion DYPA da N-263 extractants don cirewa da raba praseodymium daga tsarin nitric acid na haɓakar praseodymium neodymium, wanda ya haifar da yawan amfanin Pr6O11 99% na 98%. Koyaya, saboda ƙayyadaddun tsari, yawan amfani da abubuwan haɗaɗɗun abubuwa, da tsadar kayayyaki, ba a yi amfani da shi wajen samar da masana'antu ba. Na ƙarshe biyu suna da kyau hakar da rabuwa na praseodymium tare da P-507, dukansu an yi amfani da su a masana'antu samar. Duk da haka, saboda babban yadda ya dace na P-507 hakar praseodymium da babban asarar P-204, da P-507 hakar da kuma hanyar rabuwa a halin yanzu ana amfani da shi wajen samar da masana'antu.
3. Hanyar musayar ion da wuya a yi amfani da ita a cikin samarwa saboda tsawon lokaci, aiki mai wahala, da ƙananan yawan amfanin ƙasa, amma samfurin samfurin Pr6O11 ≥ 99 5%, yawan amfanin ƙasa ≥ 85%, kuma fitarwa ta kowace naúrar kayan aiki yana da ƙananan ƙananan.
1) Samar da samfurori na praseodymium oxide ta amfani da hanyar musayar ion: ta amfani da praseodymium neodymium wadataccen mahadi (Pr, Nd) 2Cl3 a matsayin albarkatun kasa. An shirya shi cikin maganin ciyarwa (Pr, Nd) Cl3 kuma an ɗora shi a cikin ginshiƙi na talla don ƙaddamar da duniyoyi masu yawa. Lokacin da maida hankali na maganin abinci mai shigowa yayi daidai da ƙaddamarwar fitarwa, an gama tallan abubuwan da ba su da yawa kuma ana jiran tsari na gaba don amfani. Bayan loda ginshiƙi cikin resin cationic, ana amfani da maganin CuSO4-H2SO4 don gudana cikin ginshiƙi don shirya ginshiƙin Rare ƙasa na Cu H don amfani. Bayan haɗa ginshiƙan talla ɗaya da ginshiƙan rabuwa guda uku a jere, yi amfani da EDT A (0 015M) Yana gudana daga mashigar ginshiƙin tallan tallan na farko don rabuwar elution (kimanin leaching 1 2cm/min). ginshiƙin rabuwa na uku yayin rabuwar leaching, ana iya tattara shi ta hanyar mai karɓa kuma a bi da shi ta hanyar sinadarai don samun samfuran Nd2O3 bayan an rabu da neodymium a cikin ginshiƙin rabuwa, ana tattara maganin PrCl3 mai tsabta a madaidaicin ginshiƙin rabuwa kuma an yi shi da maganin sinadarai. don samar da samfurin Pr6O11 Babban tsari shine kamar haka: albarkatun kasa → shirye-shiryen bayani na abinci → adsorption na ƙasa mai wuya a kan tallan tallace-tallace → haɗin ginshiƙan rabuwa → rabuwar leaching → tarin tsarki praseodymium → oxalic acid hazo → gano → marufi.
2) Samar da samfuran praseodymium oxide ta amfani da hanyar hakar P-204: ta amfani da lanthanum cerium praseodymium chloride (La, Ce, Pr) Cl3 a matsayin albarkatun ƙasa. A haxa albarkatun kasa a cikin ruwa, saponify P-204, da kuma ƙara kananzir don yin maganin cirewa. Ware ruwan ciyarwa daga praseodymium da aka fitar a cikin cakuɗen hakar bayani. Sa'an nan kuma wanke ƙazanta a cikin tsarin kwayoyin halitta, kuma amfani da HCl don cire praseodymium don samun maganin PrCl3 mai tsabta. Hazo tare da oxalic acid, calcine, da fakiti don samun samfurin praseodymium oxide. Babban tsari shine kamar haka: albarkatun kasa → shirye-shiryen maganin abinci → P-204 hakar praseodymium → wankewa → cirewar acid na kasa na praseodymium → tsantsa PrCl3 bayani → hazo oxalic acid → calcination → gwaji → marufi (samfurin praseodymium oxide).
3) Samar da samfuran praseodymium oxide ta amfani da hanyar hakar P507: Yin amfani da cerium praseodymium chloride (Ce, Pr) Cl3 da aka samu daga kudancin ionic rare ƙasa maida hankali a matsayin albarkatun kasa (REO ≥ 45%, praseodymium oxide ≥ 75%). Bayan cire praseodymium tare da maganin ciyarwar da aka shirya da kuma mai cire P507 a cikin tankin hakar, ana wanke datti a cikin tsarin kwayoyin da HCl. A ƙarshe, ana fitar da praseodymium baya tare da HCl don samun ingantaccen bayani na PrCl3. Hazo na praseodymium tare da oxalic acid, calcination, da marufi suna samar da samfuran praseodymium oxide. Babban tsari shine kamar haka: albarkatun kasa → shirye-shiryen bayani na abinci → hakar praseodymium tare da P-507 → tsabtace tsabta → juyawa na praseodymium → tsantsa PrCl3 bayani → hazo oxalic acid → calcination → ganowa → marufi (samfurin praseodymium oxide).
4) Samar da samfuran praseodymium oxide ta amfani da hanyar hakar P507: Lanthanum praseodymium chloride (Cl, Pr) Cl3 da aka samu daga sarrafa Sichuan rare earth concentrate ana amfani dashi azaman albarkatun ƙasa (REO ≥ 45%, praseodymium oxide 8.05%), kuma shine shirya a cikin wani abinci ruwa. Ana fitar da Praseodymium tare da saponified P507 wakili mai cirewa a cikin tanki mai hakar, kuma ana cire datti a cikin tsarin kwayoyin ta hanyar wanke HCl. Sa'an nan, an yi amfani da HCl don mayar da hakar praseodymium don samun tsantsar PrCl3 bayani. Ana samun samfuran Praseodymium oxide ta hanyar haɓaka praseodymium tare da oxalic acid, calcining, da marufi. Babban tsari shine: albarkatun kasa → bayani mai sinadari → P-507 hakar praseodymium → tsabtace tsabta → juye hakar praseodymium → tsantsa PrCl3 bayani → hazo oxalic acid → calcination → gwaji → marufi (kayayyakin praseodymium oxide).
A halin yanzu, babban tsari fasahar don samar da praseodymium oxide kayayyakin a kasar Sin ne P507 hakar hanya ta yin amfani da hydrochloric acid tsarin, wanda aka yadu amfani da masana'antu samar da daban-daban mutum rare duniya oxides kuma ya zama wani ci-gaba samar da fasahar a cikin guda. masana'antu a duniya, suna matsayi a cikin manyan.
Aikace-aikace
1. Aikace-aikace a cikin gilashin duniya da ba kasafai ba
Bayan daɗaɗɗen oxides na ƙasa zuwa sassa daban-daban na gilashi, ana iya yin launuka daban-daban na gilashin ƙasa da ba kasafai ba, kamar gilashin kore, gilashin Laser, magneto optical, da gilashin fiber optic, kuma aikace-aikacen su suna faɗaɗa kowace rana. Bayan ƙara praseodymium oxide zuwa gilashin, ana iya yin gilashi mai launin kore, wanda ke da ƙimar fasaha mai inganci kuma yana iya kwaikwayon duwatsu masu daraja. Irin wannan gilashin yana kama da kore idan an fallasa shi ga hasken rana na yau da kullun, yayin da ba shi da launi a ƙarƙashin hasken kyandir. Sabili da haka, ana iya amfani dashi don yin duwatsu masu daraja na karya da kayan ado masu daraja, tare da launuka masu ban sha'awa da kyawawan halaye.
2. Aikace-aikace a cikin yumbu na ƙasa da ba kasafai ba
Za a iya amfani da oxides na ƙasa maras nauyi azaman ƙari a cikin yumbu don yin tukwane da yawa na ƙasa tare da mafi kyawun aiki. Abubuwan yumbu masu kyau na ƙasa da ba kasafai ba a tsakanin su wakilci ne. Yana amfani da kayan albarkatun da aka zaɓa sosai kuma yana ɗaukar sauƙi don sarrafa matakai da dabarun sarrafawa, waɗanda zasu iya sarrafa daidaitattun abubuwan yumbu. Ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'i biyu: yumbu mai aiki da tukwane mai zafi mai zafi. Bayan ƙara ƙarancin ƙasa oxides, za su iya inganta sintering, yawa, microstructure, da lokaci abun da ke ciki na yumbu don saduwa da bukatun daban-daban aikace-aikace. Gilashin yumbu da aka yi da praseodymium oxide a matsayin mai launi ba ya shafar yanayin da ke cikin kiln, yana da tsayayyen bayyanar launi, saman glaze mai haske, yana iya haɓaka kaddarorin jiki da sinadarai, haɓaka kwanciyar hankali na thermal da ingancin yumbu, haɓaka launuka iri-iri, da rage farashi. Bayan ƙara praseodymium oxide zuwa yumbu pigments da glazes, rare earth praseodymium yellow, praseodymium kore, underglaze ja pigments da farin fatalwa glaze, giwaye rawaya glaze, apple green ain, da dai sauransu za a iya samar. Irin wannan nau'in ain na fasaha yana da inganci mafi girma kuma ana fitar dashi da kyau, wanda ya shahara a ƙasashen waje. Bisa ga kididdigar da ta dace, aikace-aikacen duniya na praseodymium neodymium a cikin yumbu ya wuce tan dubu, kuma shi ma babban mai amfani da praseodymium oxide ne. Ana sa ran za a samu babban ci gaba a nan gaba.
3. Aikace-aikace a cikin rare duniya m maganadiso
Matsakaicin samfurin makamashi na maganadisu (BH) na (Pr, Sm) Co5 magnet m = 27MG θ e (216K J / m3). Kuma (BH) m na PrFeB shine 40MG θ E (320K J/m3). Sabili da haka, amfani da Pr ya samar da maganadisu na dindindin har yanzu yana da yuwuwar aikace-aikace a cikin masana'antu da masana'antu na farar hula.
4. Aikace-aikace a wasu filayen don kera corundum niƙa ƙafafun.
Dangane da farin corundum, ƙara kusan 0.25% praseodymium neodymium oxide na iya yin ƙanƙara na corundum na niƙa, yana haɓaka aikin niƙa sosai. Ƙara yawan niƙa da 30% zuwa 100%, kuma ninka rayuwar sabis. Praseodymium oxide yana da kyawawan kaddarorin gogewa don wasu kayan, don haka ana iya amfani dashi azaman kayan gogewa don ayyukan gogewa. Ya ƙunshi kusan 7.5% praseodymium oxide a cikin cerium tushen polishing foda kuma ana amfani dashi galibi don goge gilashin gani, samfuran ƙarfe, gilashin lebur, da bututun talabijin. Sakamakon gogewa yana da kyau kuma ƙarar aikace-aikacen yana da girma, wanda ya zama babban foda mai gogewa a China a halin yanzu. Bugu da kari, da aikace-aikace na mai fatattaka catalysts iya inganta catalytic aiki, kuma za a iya amfani da a matsayin Additives ga karfe, tsarkakewa narkakkar karfe, da dai sauransu. nau'i ɗaya na praseodymium oxide. An yi kiyasin cewa za a ci gaba da yin hakan nan gaba.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-26-2023