Masana kimiyya sun kirkiro da wani dandamali don siyar da kayan aikin kayan aikin, ko "Nano-abubuwa," daban-daban iri - Inorganic - cikin tsarin 3-D da ake so.Ko da yake an yi nasarar yin amfani da haɗin kai (SA) don tsara nau'ikan nanomaterials iri-iri, tsarin ya kasance na musamman na musamman, yana samar da tsari daban-daban dangane da ainihin kayan.Kamar yadda aka ruwaito a cikin wata takarda da aka buga a yau a cikin Nature Materials, za a iya amfani da sabon tsarin nanofabrication na DNA-programmable don tsara nau'ikan kayan 3-D iri ɗaya a cikin nanoscale (biliyoyinths na mita), inda na musamman na gani, sinadarai. , da sauran kaddarorin suna fitowa.
"Daya daga cikin manyan dalilan da ya sa SA ba dabarar zabi ba ce don aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace shine cewa tsarin SA iri ɗaya ba za a iya amfani da shi ba a cikin nau'ikan kayan aiki iri ɗaya don ƙirƙirar tsararrun 3-D iri ɗaya daga nanocomponents daban-daban," in ji marubucin Oleg Gang. , Shugaban Soft and Bio Nanomaterials Group a Cibiyar Ayyukan Nanomaterials (CFN) - Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka (DOE) Ofishin Mai Amfani da Kimiyya a Cibiyar Nazarin Kasa ta Brookhaven - kuma farfesa na Injiniyan Kimiyya da Ilimin Kimiyya da Fasaha Kimiyyar Materials a Columbia Engineering."A nan, mun ƙaddamar da tsarin SA daga kaddarorin kayan aiki ta hanyar zayyana tsayayyen firam ɗin DNA na polyhedral waɗanda za su iya ɗaukar abubuwa daban-daban na inorganic ko nano-abubuwa, gami da ƙarfe, semiconductor, har ma da sunadarai da enzymes."
Masanan kimiyya sun ƙera firam ɗin DNA na roba a cikin siffar cube, octahedron, da tetrahedron.A cikin firam ɗin akwai “makamai” na DNA waɗanda kawai abubuwan nano tare da jerin DNA ɗin da zasu iya ɗaure su.Waɗannan voxels na kayan abu -- haɗewar firam ɗin DNA da nano-abu -- su ne tubalan ginin waɗanda za a iya yin sifofin 3-D macroscale.Firam ɗin suna haɗa juna ba tare da la'akari da irin nau'in nano-abu a ciki (ko a'a) bisa ga ƙarin jerin abubuwan da aka lulluɓe su da su ba.Ya danganta da siffar su, firam ɗin suna da adadi daban-daban na tsaye kuma don haka suna samar da tsari daban-daban.Duk wani abu-nano-abun da aka shirya a cikin firam ɗin yana ɗaukar takamaiman tsarin firam ɗin.
Don nuna tsarin haɗin gwiwar su, masanan kimiyya sun zaɓi ƙarfe (zinariya) da semiconducting (cadmium selenide) nanoparticles da furotin na kwayan cuta (streptavidin) azaman inorganic da nano-abubuwan da za a sanya su a cikin firam ɗin DNA.Na farko, sun tabbatar da amincin firam ɗin DNA da samuwar voxels na kayan abu ta hanyar yin hoto tare da microscopes na lantarki a CFN Electron Microscope Facility da Cibiyar Van Andel, wanda ke da rukunin kayan aikin da ke aiki a yanayin yanayin cryogenic don samfuran halitta.Daga nan sai suka binciki tsarin lattice na 3-D a Coherent Hard X-ray Scattering da Complex Materials Watsa katako na National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) -- wani DOE Ofishin Mai Amfani da Kimiyya a Brookhaven Lab.Injiniya Columbia Bykhovsky Farfesa na Injiniyan Chemical Sanat Kumar da ƙungiyarsa sun yi ƙirar ƙididdiga suna bayyana cewa tsarin gwajin gwaji da aka lura (dangane da sifofin watsawa na x-ray) sun kasance mafi kwanciyar hankali masu ƙarfi waɗanda kayan voxels zasu iya samarwa.
"Wadannan voxels na abu suna ba mu damar fara amfani da ra'ayoyin da aka samo daga atoms (da kwayoyin halitta) da lu'ulu'u da suke samar da su, da kuma jigilar wannan ilimi mai zurfi da bayanai zuwa tsarin sha'awa a nanoscale," in ji Kumar.
Daliban Gang a Columbia daga nan sun nuna yadda za a iya amfani da dandalin taro don sarrafa ƙungiyoyin nau'ikan abubuwa guda biyu tare da ayyukan sinadarai da na gani.A cikin wani yanayi, sun haɗa nau'ikan enzymes guda biyu, suna ƙirƙirar tsararrun 3-D tare da babban marufi.Kodayake enzymes sun kasance ba su canzawa ba tare da sinadarai ba, sun nuna kusan ninki huɗu a cikin ayyukan enzymatic.Ana iya amfani da waɗannan "nanoreactors" don sarrafa halayen da ba a so da kuma ba da damar ƙirƙira kayan aikin sinadarai.Don nunin kayan gani, sun haɗa launuka daban-daban guda biyu na ɗigon ƙididdiga - ƙananan nanocrystals waɗanda ake amfani da su don yin nunin talabijin tare da cikakken launi da haske.Hotunan da aka ɗauka tare da na'urar hangen nesa mai haske sun nuna cewa ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ya kiyaye tsabtar launi a ƙasa da iyakacin iyaka (tsawon tsayi) na haske;wannan kadarorin na iya ba da damar haɓaka ƙuduri mai mahimmanci a cikin nunin nuni da fasahohin sadarwa na gani.
"Muna bukatar mu sake tunanin yadda za a iya samar da kayan da kuma yadda suke aiki," in ji Gang."Material sake fasalin bazai zama dole; kawai marufi data kasance kayan a cikin sababbin hanyoyi zai iya inganta su Properties. Yiwuwa, mu dandali zai iya zama wani kunna fasaha 'bayan 3-D bugu masana'antu' don sarrafa kayan a da yawa karami Sikeli kuma tare da mafi girma kayan iri-iri Yin amfani da hanya iri ɗaya don samar da lattices na 3-D daga abubuwan da ake so na nano-abu na azuzuwan abu daban-daban, haɗa waɗanda ba za a yi la'akari da su ba, na iya yin juyin juya hali na nanomanufacturing."
Abubuwan da DOE/Brookhaven National Laboratory suka bayar.Lura: Ana iya gyara abun ciki don salo da tsayi.
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Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-14-2020