A cikin 1879, malaman kimiyyar sinadarai na Sweden LF Nilson (1840-1899) da PT Cleve (1840-1905) sun sami wani sabon abu a cikin ma'adinan gadolinite da baƙaƙen gwal a kusan lokaci guda. Sun sanya wa wannan kashi "Scandium", wanda shine nau'in "boron kama" da Mendeleev ya annabta. Binciken su ya sake tabbatar da daidaitattun ka'idodin abubuwa na lokaci-lokaci da hangen nesa Mendeleev.
Idan aka kwatanta da abubuwan lanthanide, scandium yana da ƙaramin radius na ionic kuma alkalinity na hydroxide shima yana da rauni sosai. Saboda haka, lokacin da aka haɗu da abubuwan da ba a sani ba na scandium da ƙananan abubuwan duniya, ana bi da su tare da ammonia (ko kuma mai tsarma alkali), kuma scandium zai fara hazo. Saboda haka, ana iya raba shi cikin sauƙi daga abubuwan da ba kasafai ba a duniya ta hanyar "hazo mai daraja". Wata hanyar ita ce yin amfani da bazuwar nitrate na polar don rabuwa, saboda scandium nitrate shine mafi sauƙi ga rubewa, don cimma manufar rabuwa.
Ana iya samun ƙarfe na Scandium ta hanyar lantarki. A lokacin tacewa na scandium.Scl3, KCl, da LiCl an narkar da su, kuma ana amfani da narkakkar zinc a matsayin cathode don electrolysis don haɓaka scandium akan lantarki na zinc. Sa'an nan, zinc yana ƙafe don samun ƙarfe na scandium. Bugu da ƙari, yana da sauƙi a dawo da scandium lokacin sarrafa tama don samar da uranium, thorium, da abubuwan lanthanide. Cikakken farfadowa na rakiyar scandium daga tungsten da ma'adinan kwano shima muhimmin tushen scandium ne. Scandium yawanci yana cikin yanayin trivalent a cikin mahadi kuma yana da sauƙin oxidized zuwaSc2O3a cikin iska, yana rasa ƙoshin ƙarfensa ya juya ya zama launin toka mai duhu. Scandium na iya amsawa da ruwan zafi don sakin hydrogen kuma yana iya narkewa cikin sauƙi a cikin acid, yana mai da shi wakili mai ƙarfi mai ragewa. Oxides da hydroxides na scandium kawai suna nuna alkalinity, amma tokar gishirin su ba za a iya yin ruwa ba. Chloride na scandium wani farin lu'ulu'u ne wanda ke iya narkewa cikin sauƙi a cikin ruwa kuma yana iya ɓarna a cikin iska. Babban aikace-aikacen sa sune kamar haka.
(1) A cikin masana'antar ƙarfe, ana amfani da scandium sau da yawa don kera gami (haɓaka don gami) don haɓaka ƙarfinsu, taurinsu, juriya na zafi, da aiki. Alal misali, ƙara ɗan ƙaramin sinadari zuwa narkakken ƙarfe na iya inganta haɓakar simintin ƙarfe, yayin da ƙara ɗan ƙaramin scandium zuwa aluminum zai iya inganta ƙarfinsa da juriya na zafi.
(2) A cikin masana'antar lantarki, ana iya amfani da scandium azaman na'urori masu mahimmanci daban-daban, kamar aikace-aikacen scandium sulfite a cikin semiconductor, wanda ya ja hankalin gida da waje. Ferrites dauke da scandium suma suna da aikace-aikace masu ban sha'awa a cikin muryoyin maganadisu na kwamfuta.
(3) A cikin masana'antar sinadarai, ana amfani da mahadi na scandium a matsayin ingantaccen abin da ke haifar da ƙarancin barasa da bushewa a cikin samar da ethylene da kuma samar da chlorine daga sharar gida na hydrochloric acid.
(4) A cikin masana'antar gilashi, ana iya kera gilashin musamman mai ɗauke da scandium.
(5) A cikin masana'antar hasken wutar lantarki, fitilun sodium na Scandium da aka yi daga scandium da sodium suna da fa'ida ta ingantaccen inganci da ingantaccen launi mai haske.
Scandium ya wanzu a cikin sigar 15Sc a yanayi, kuma akwai kuma isotopes na rediyoaktif guda 9 na scandium, wato 40-44Sc da 16-49Sc. Daga cikin su, an yi amfani da 46Sc azaman mai gano abubuwa a cikin sinadarai, ƙarfe, da filayen teku. A cikin likitanci, akwai kuma nazarin kasashen waje ta amfani da 46Sc don magance ciwon daji.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-19-2023