Rare ƙasa karafa da gami

Rare ƙasa karafasu ne muhimman albarkatun kasa don samar da hydrogen ajiya kayan, NdFeB m maganadisu kayan, magnetostrictive kayan, da dai sauransu An kuma yi amfani da ko'ina a cikin wadanda ba ferrous karafa da karfe masana'antu. Amma aikin ƙarfensa yana da ƙarfi sosai, kuma yana da wahala a fitar da shi daga mahadi ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin yau da kullun a cikin yanayin al'ada. A cikin samar da masana'antu, manyan hanyoyin da ake amfani da su sune narkakkar gishiri electrolysis da rage zafi don samar da ƙananan karafa na ƙasa daga ƙarancin ƙasa chlorides, fluorides, da oxides. Molten gishiri electrolysis shine babban hanyar masana'antu don samar da gauraye da ƙarancin ƙarfe na ƙasa tare da ƙananan wuraren narkewa, da kuma guda ɗaya.ƙarancin ƙasa karafakumarare duniya gamikamarlantanum, cerium, praseodymium, kumaneodymium. Yana da halaye na babban sikelin samarwa, babu buƙatar rage wakilai, ci gaba da samarwa, da tattalin arziƙin kwatancen da dacewa.

Samar daƙarancin ƙasa karafakuma ana iya aiwatar da alluran lantarki ta narkakkar gishiri a cikin tsarin gishiri guda biyu, wato tsarin chloride da tsarin oxide na fluoride. Na farko yana da ƙarancin narkewa, albarkatun ƙasa marasa tsada, da sauƙin aiki; A karshen yana da barga electrolyte abun da ke ciki, ba sauki sha danshi da hydrolyzes, kuma yana da high electrolysis fasaha Manuniya. A hankali ya maye gurbin tsohon kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a masana'antu. Kodayake tsarin guda biyu suna da halaye daban-daban na tsari, ka'idodin ka'idodin electrolysis sun kasance daidai.

Don nauyiƙarancin ƙasa karafatare da manyan abubuwan narkewa, ana amfani da hanyar distillation rage rage zafi don samarwa. Wannan hanya tana da ƙananan sikelin samarwa, aiki na tsaka-tsaki, da tsada mai tsada, amma yana iya samun samfurori masu tsabta ta hanyar distillation da yawa. Dangane da nau'ikan nau'ikan masu ragewa, akwai hanyar rage zafin calcium, hanyar rage zafin lithium, hanyar rage zafin lanthanum (cerium), Hanyar rage zafin silicon, hanyar rage zafin carbon, da sauransu.