source:newscenter

Rare abubuwan duniya(REES) kamarlantanumkumaneodymiumabubuwa ne masu mahimmanci na kayan lantarki na zamani, tun daga wayoyin hannu da na'urorin hasken rana zuwa tauraron dan adam da motocin lantarki. Waɗannan ƙananan karafa suna faruwa a kewaye da mu, ko da yake a cikin ƙananan yawa. Amma buƙatu na ci gaba da hauhawa kuma saboda suna faruwa a cikin irin waɗannan ƙananan ƙima, hanyoyin gargajiya na cire REEs na iya zama marasa inganci, gurɓata muhalli, da lahani ga lafiyar ma'aikata.

Yanzu, tare da kudade daga Hukumar Kula da Ayyukan Bincike na Tsaro (DARPA) Microbes na Muhalli a matsayin shirin BioEngineering Resource (EMBER), masu binciken Jami'ar Jihar San Diego suna haɓaka hanyoyin haɓaka ci gaba tare da manufar haɓaka wadatar gida na REEs.

"Muna ƙoƙarin samar da wata sabuwar hanya don murmurewa wanda ke da alaƙa da muhalli kuma mafi dorewa," in ji masanin ilimin halitta kuma babbar mai bincike Marina Kalyuzhnaya.

Don yin wannan, masu binciken za su shiga cikin yanayin dabi'a na ƙwayoyin methane masu amfani da kwayoyin da ke rayuwa a cikin matsanancin yanayi don kama REEs daga yanayin.

Kalyuzhnaya ya ce "Suna buƙatar abubuwan da ba su da yawa a duniya don yin ɗaya daga cikin mahimman halayen enzymatic a cikin hanyoyin rayuwarsu," in ji Kalyuzhnaya.

REEs sun haɗa da yawancin abubuwan lanthanide na tebur na lokaci-lokaci. Tare da haɗin gwiwar Jami'ar California, Berkeley da Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), masu bincike na SDSU sun yi shirin canza injiniyan hanyoyin nazarin halittu waɗanda ke ba da damar ƙwayoyin cuta su girbe karafa daga muhalli. Fahimtar wannan tsari zai sanar da ƙirƙirar sunadaran ƙirar ƙirar roba waɗanda ke ɗaure tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun lanthanides daban-daban, a cewar masanin kimiyyar halittu John Love. Tawagar PNNL za ta gano abubuwan da ke tabbatar da kwayoyin halitta na extremophilic da REE suna tara kwayoyin cuta, sannan su nuna yadda REE suke dauka.

Daga nan tawagar za ta gyara kwayoyin cutar don samar da sunadaran da ke daure da karfe a saman kwayoyin halittarsu, in ji Love.

REEs suna da yawa sosai a cikin wutsiyoyi na ma'adinai, abubuwan sharar da wasu karafa, kamar aluminum.

Kalyuzhnaya ya ce, "Hakika wutsiyoyi na ma'adanan sun zama almubazzaranci wanda har yanzu yana da abubuwa masu amfani da yawa a ciki."

Don tsarkakewa da tattara REE a ciki, waɗannan slurries na ruwa da dakakken duwatsu za a gudu ta hanyar biofilter mai ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta da aka gyara, ƙyale sunadarai masu ƙira akan saman ƙwayoyin cuta don zaɓar su ɗaure ga REEs. Kamar ƙwayoyin methane-ƙaunar ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke aiki azaman samfuran su, ingantattun ƙwayoyin cuta za su yi haƙuri da matsanancin pH, zafin jiki da salinity, yanayin da aka samu a cikin wutsiyoyi na ma'adinai.

Masu binciken za su yi aiki tare da abokin aikin masana'antu, Cibiyar Bincike ta Palo Alto (PARC), wani kamfani na Xerox, don ƙirƙirar wani abu mai laushi, mai laushi don amfani a cikin biofilter. Wannan fasaha na bioprinting yana da ƙarancin farashi kuma mai ƙima kuma ana hasashen zai haifar da babban tanadi idan aka yi amfani da shi gabaɗaya don dawo da ma'adinai.

Baya ga gwadawa da inganta na'urar tacewa, kungiyar kuma za ta samar da hanyoyin tattara tsaftataccen lanthanides daga na'urar da kanta, a cewar injiniyan muhalli Christy Dykstra. Masu binciken sun haɗu da wani kamfani na farawa, Phoenix Tailings, don gwadawa da kuma tsaftace tsarin farfadowa.

Saboda manufar ita ce haɓaka tsarin kasuwanci amma yanayin muhalli don fitar da REEs, Dykstra da dama daga cikin abokan aikin za su yi nazarin farashin tsarin idan aka kwatanta da sauran fasaha don dawo da lanthanides, amma kuma tasirin muhalli.

"Muna tsammanin cewa zai sami fa'ida da yawa a muhalli da kuma rage farashin makamashi idan aka kwatanta da abin da ake amfani da shi a halin yanzu," in ji Dykstra. "Tsarin irin wannan zai zama mafi tsarin tsarin biofiltration, tare da ƙarancin abubuwan shigar da makamashi. Sannan, a ka'ida, ƙarancin amfani da ƙauyen da ke da illa ga muhalli da abubuwa makamantansu. Yawancin matakai na yau da kullun za su yi amfani da kaushi mai tsauri da rashin daidaituwar muhalli."

Dykstra ya kuma lura cewa tun da ƙwayoyin cuta ke yin kwafin kansu, fasahohin da suka dogara da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna sabunta kansu, "yayin da idan za mu yi amfani da hanyar sinadarai, za mu ci gaba da samar da sinadarai."

"Ko da zai kara dan kadan, amma ba zai cutar da muhalli ba, hakan yana da ma'ana," in ji Kalyuzhnaya.

Makasudin aikin na DARPA shine don samar da hujja-na ra'ayi na fasahar dawo da REE a cikin shekaru hudu, wanda Kalyuzhnaya ya ce zai buƙaci hangen nesa mai mahimmanci da hangen nesa na ladabtarwa.

Ta kara da cewa aikin zai ba wa daliban SDSU da suka kammala karatunsu damar shiga cikin bincike da yawa "da kuma ganin yadda ra'ayoyi za su iya girma daga kawai ra'ayoyi har zuwa gwajin gwaji."

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Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-17-2023