Ɗan haske tsakanin ƙananan ƙarfe na duniya - scandium

Scandiumsinadari ne mai alamar kashiScda kuma lambar atomic 21. Abun ƙarfe ne mai laushi, mai launin azurfa-fari wanda aka haɗa da shigadolinium, erbium, da sauransu. Abubuwan da ake fitarwa ba su da yawa, kuma abubuwan da ke cikin ɓawon ƙasa sun kai kusan 0.0005%.

1. Asiri nascandiumkashi

Da narkewar batu nascandiumshine 1541 ℃, tafasar batu shine 2836 ℃, kuma yawancin shine 2.985 g / cm³. Scandium karfe ne mai haske, fari-farin azurfa wanda shi ma yana da kuzari sosai ta hanyar sinadarai kuma yana iya amsawa da ruwan zafi don samar da hydrogen. Saboda haka, karfen scandium da kuke gani a hoton an rufe shi a cikin kwalba kuma an kiyaye shi da iskar argon. In ba haka ba, scandium zai yi sauri ya samar da launin rawaya mai duhu ko launin toka kuma ya rasa haske na ƙarfe.    

2. Babban amfani da scandium

Amfani da scandium (a matsayin babban kayan aiki, ba don doping ba) an tattara su a cikin kwatance masu haske sosai, kuma ba ƙari ba ne don kiran shi ɗan haske.

1). Ana iya amfani da fitilar sodium na Scandium don kawo haske ga dubban gidaje. Wannan shi ne tushen hasken lantarki na ƙarfe halide: kwan fitila yana cike da sodium iodide da scandium iodide, kuma ana ƙara scandium da sodium foil a lokaci guda. Lokacin fitar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi, ions scandium da ions sodium bi da bi suna fitar da haske tare da sifofin fitar da tsayinsu. Layukan sikeli na sodium sune shahararrun hasken rawaya guda biyu a 589.0 da 589.6nm, yayin da layin sikelin na scandium jerin abubuwa ne na kusa-ultraviolet da hasken shuɗi daga 361.3 zuwa 424.7nm. Domin launuka ne masu dacewa, launin haske gaba ɗaya da aka samar shine farin haske. Shi ne daidai saboda scandium sodium fitila yana da halaye na high haske yadda ya dace, mai kyau haske launi, makamashi ceton, dogon sabis rayuwa da kuma karfi hazo-karya ikon cewa shi za a iya yadu amfani a talabijin kyamarori da murabba'ai, filayen wasa, da kuma hanya lighting. kuma ana kiransa ƙarni na uku. tushen haske. A kasar Sin, a hankali ana tallata irin wannan fitila a matsayin sabuwar fasaha, amma a wasu kasashen da suka ci gaba, an fara amfani da irin wannan fitila tun farkon shekarun 1980.

2). Kwayoyin photovoltaic na hasken rana na iya tattara hasken da aka warwatse a ƙasa su mayar da shi wutar lantarki da ke jan al'ummar ɗan adam. Scandium shine mafi kyawun shingen shinge a cikin ƙarfe-insulator-semiconductor silicon photovoltaic sel da ƙwayoyin hasken rana

3). Madogararsa na Gamma ray, wannan makamin sihiri na iya fitar da haske mai girma da kansa, amma irin wannan haske ba zai iya karvar idanunmu ba. Gudun photon ne mai ƙarfi. Abin da muke yawan cirewa daga ma'adanai shine 45Sc, wanda shine kawai isotope na halitta na scandium. Kowane tsakiya na 45Sc yana da protons 21 da neutrons 24. Idan muka sanya scandium a cikin injin sarrafa makamashin nukiliya kuma muka bar shi ya sha neutron radiation, kamar yadda aka sanya biri a cikin tanderun Alchemy ta Taishang Laojun na tsawon kwanaki 7,749, 46Sc tare da ƙarin neutron a cikin tsakiya za a haifa. 46Sc, isotope na rediyoaktif na wucin gadi, ana iya amfani dashi azaman tushen gamma ray ko atom mai ganowa, kuma ana iya amfani da shi don radiotherapy na ciwace-ciwace. Akwai amfani marasa adadi irin su yttrium-gallium-scandium garnet lasers, scandium fluoride gilashin infrared fibers na gani, da bututun radiyo mai rufi na scandium a cikin na'urorin talabijin. Da alama an ƙaddara scandium ya zama mai haske.

3. Common mahadi na scandium    1). Terbium scandate (TbScO3) crystal - yana da kyau lattice matching tare da perovskite tsarin superconductor, kuma shi ne mai kyau ferroelectric bakin ciki fim substrate abu.

2).Aluminum scandium alloy- Na farko, yana da babban aiki na aluminum gami. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don inganta aikin aluminum gami. Daga cikin su, microalloying da ƙarfafawa da ƙarfafawa sun kasance kan gaba na babban aikin bincike na aluminum gami a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata. A cikin gine-ginen jiragen ruwa, sararin samaniya Abubuwan aikace-aikacen a cikin manyan fasahohin fasaha kamar masana'antu, roka masu linzami, da makamashin nukiliya suna da fadi sosai.

3).Scandium oxide- Scandium oxide yana da kyawawan halaye na zahiri da sinadarai, don haka yana da fa'idodi da yawa a fannin kimiyyar kayan aiki. Na farko, ana iya amfani da scandium oxide azaman ƙari a cikin kayan yumbu, wanda zai iya inganta taurin, ƙarfi da juriya na yumbu, yana sa su zama masu dorewa. Bugu da ƙari, ana kuma iya amfani da scandium oxide don shirya kayan superconductor masu zafi. Waɗannan kayan suna nuna kyakykyawan halayen lantarki a ƙananan yanayin zafi kuma suna da babban yuwuwar aikace-aikace.