Rare ƙasa nanomaterials Rare ƙasa abubuwa suna da musamman 4f sub Layer tsarin lantarki, babban atomic lokacin maganadisu, karfi juyi zagaye hada biyu da sauran halaye, haifar da sosai arziki na gani, lantarki, Magnetic da sauran kaddarorin. Abubuwan da ba makawa ba ne ga ƙasashe a duniya don canza masana'antu na gargajiya da haɓaka fasahar zamani, kuma ana kiran su da "gidan taska na sabbin kayayyaki".
Baya ga aikace-aikacensa a fannonin gargajiya kamar injinan ƙarfe, sinadarai na petrochemicals, yumbun gilashi, da masakun haske,kasa rareHakanan mahimmin kayan tallafi ne a fagage masu tasowa kamar makamashi mai tsabta, manyan motoci, sabbin motocin makamashi, hasken lantarki, da sabbin nuni, masu alaƙa da rayuwar ɗan adam.
Bayan shekarun da suka gabata na ci gaba, mayar da hankali kan binciken da ba kasafai ke da alaka da duniya ba ya koma daidai daga narkewa da rabuwar duniyoyi masu tsafta guda ɗaya zuwa manyan aikace-aikacen fasaha na ƙarancin ƙasa a cikin magnetism, optics, wutar lantarki, ajiyar makamashi, catalysis, biomedicine, da sauran fagage. A gefe guda, akwai babban yanayin zuwa ga abubuwan da ba su da yawa a cikin ƙasa a cikin tsarin kayan; A gefe guda kuma, an fi mai da hankali kan ƙananan kayan aikin crystal na aiki dangane da ilimin halittar jiki. Musamman tare da ci gaban nanoscience na zamani, haɗa ƙananan tasirin girman girman, tasirin ƙididdiga, tasirin ƙasa, da tasirin dubawa na nanomaterials tare da sifofin tsarin tsarin lantarki na musamman na abubuwan da ba kasafai ba, ƙananan nanomaterials na ƙasa suna nuna kaddarorin litattafai da yawa daban-daban daga kayan gargajiya, haɓakawa. kyakkyawan aiki na kayan ƙasa da ba kasafai ba, Kuma yana ƙara faɗaɗa aikace-aikacensa a cikin fagagen kayan gargajiya da sabbin masana'antu na fasaha.
A halin yanzu, akwai galibi masu zuwa nanomaterials masu ban sha'awa na duniya masu ban sha'awa, wato rare earth nano luminescent kayan, rare ƙasa nano catalytic kayan, rare duniya nano Magnetic kayan,nano cerium oxidekayan kariya na ultraviolet, da sauran kayan aikin nano.
Na 1Rare ƙasa nano luminescent kayan
01. Rare ƙasa Organic-inorganic matasan luminescent nanomaterials
Abubuwan da aka haɗa suna haɗa nau'ikan ayyuka daban-daban a matakin ƙwayoyin cuta don cimma madaidaitan ayyuka da ingantattun ayyuka. Organic inorganic matasan kayan da ayyuka na Organic da inorganic aka gyara, nuna mai kyau inji kwanciyar hankali, sassauci, thermal kwanciyar hankali da kuma kyakkyawan processability.
Rare ƙasahadaddun suna da fa'idodi da yawa, kamar girman tsaftar launi, tsawon rayuwa na yanayi mai daɗi, yawan yawan amfanin ƙasa, da wadataccen layin bakan. Ana amfani da su ko'ina a fagage da yawa, kamar nuni, haɓakawa na gani waveguide, Laser mai ƙarfi, biomarker, da hana jabu. Koyaya, ƙarancin kwanciyar hankali na photothermal da ƙarancin aiwatarwa na ƙananan gidaje na duniya suna hana aikace-aikacen su da haɓakawa sosai. Haɗa rukunin rukunin ƙasa da ba kasafai ba tare da matrices na inorganic tare da kyawawan kaddarorin injina da kwanciyar hankali hanya ce mai inganci don haɓaka kaddarorin luminescent na rukunin ƙasa marasa ƙarfi.
Tun da ci gaban ƙasan da ba kasafai ake samun inorganic hybrid abu ba, yanayin ci gaban su yana nuna halaye masu zuwa:
① A matasan kayan samu ta hanyar sinadaran doping hanya yana da barga aiki aka gyara, high doping adadin da uniform rarraba aka gyara;
② Canjawa daga kayan aiki guda ɗaya zuwa kayan aiki masu yawa, haɓaka kayan aiki masu yawa don yin aikace-aikacen su da yawa;
③ Matrix ɗin ya bambanta, daga farko silica zuwa sassa daban-daban kamar su titanium dioxide, polymers Organic, clays, da ruwa mai ion.
02. White LED rare duniya luminescent abu
Idan aka kwatanta da fasahar hasken data kasance, samfuran hasken wuta na semiconductor kamar diodes masu fitar da haske (LEDs) suna da fa'idodi kamar tsawon sabis, ƙarancin amfani da makamashi, ingantaccen ingantaccen haske, kyauta na mercury, kyauta UV, da tsayayyen aiki. Ana la'akari da su a matsayin "tushen haske na ƙarni na huɗu" bayan fitilu masu ƙyalƙyali, fitilu masu kyalli, da fitulun fitar da iskar gas mai ƙarfi (HIDs).
Farin LED yana kunshe da kwakwalwan kwamfuta, substrates, phosphor, da direbobi. Rare earth fluorescent foda yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin aikin farin LED. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an gudanar da aikin bincike mai yawa akan fararen phosphor LED kuma an sami ci gaba mai kyau:
① Ci gaban wani sabon nau'in phosphor mai farin ciki da blue LED (460m) ya gudanar da bincike na doping da gyare-gyare akan YAO2Ce (YAG: Ce) da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin kwakwalwan LED na blue don inganta ingantaccen haske da kuma samar da launi;
② Haɓaka sabon foda mai kyalli mai farin ciki da hasken ultraviolet (400m) ko hasken ultraviolet (360mm) ya yi nazari akai-akai akan abun da ke ciki, tsari, da halayen bakan gizo na ja da kore shuɗi mai kyalli foda, kazalika da ma'auni daban-daban na foda uku masu kyalli. don samun farin LED tare da yanayin zafi daban-daban;
③ An ci gaba da yin aiki a kan batutuwan kimiyya na asali a cikin tsarin shirye-shiryen na foda, irin su tasirin shirye-shiryen shirye-shiryen a kan juzu'i, don tabbatar da inganci da kwanciyar hankali na foda.
Bugu da kari, farin haske LED yafi rungumi tsarin marufi gauraye na kyalli foda da silicone. Saboda rashin kyawun yanayin zafi na foda mai kyalli, na'urar za ta yi zafi saboda tsawon lokacin aiki, wanda zai haifar da tsufa na silicone da rage rayuwar sabis na na'urar. Wannan matsalar tana da mahimmanci musamman a cikin manyan fitattun fitattun fitilun farar haske. Marufi mai nisa hanya ɗaya ce don magance wannan matsala ta hanyar haɗa foda mai kyalli zuwa ga substrate da kuma raba shi daga tushen hasken LED mai shuɗi, ta haka rage tasirin zafi da guntu ke haifarwa akan aikin luminescent na foda mai kyalli. Idan kasa mai kyalli tukwane da rare ƙasa mai kyalli yumbu suna da halaye na high thermal watsin, high lalata juriya, high kwanciyar hankali, da kuma m Tantancewar fitarwa yi, za su iya mafi cika da aikace-aikace bukatun na high-ikon fari LED tare da babban makamashi yawa. Micro Nano powders tare da babban sintering aiki da kuma high watsawa sun zama wani muhimmin abin da ake bukata domin shiri na high nuna gaskiya rare duniya Tantancewar aiki tukwane tare da high Tantancewar fitarwa yi.
03.Rare duniya upconversion luminescent nanomaterials
Hasken jujjuyawa wani nau'in tsari ne na musamman na hasken haske wanda ke nuna ɗaukar hotuna masu ƙarancin ƙarfi da yawa ta kayan hasken haske da kuma haɓakar fitar da hasken wuta mai ƙarfi. Idan aka kwatanta da kwayoyin rini na gargajiya na gargajiya ko dige ƙididdigewa, ƙananan juzu'in juzu'i na luminescent nanomaterials suna da fa'idodi da yawa kamar babban motsi na anti Stokes, ƙunƙarar watsawar iska, kwanciyar hankali mai kyau, ƙarancin guba, zurfin shigar nama, da ƙarancin tsangwama mai saurin haske. Suna da fa'idodin aikace-aikace masu fa'ida a fagen nazarin halittu.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, abubuwan da ba a taɓa samun su ba luminescent nanomaterials sun sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci a cikin ƙirƙira, gyare-gyaren ƙasa, aikin aikin ƙasa, da aikace-aikacen ilimin halitta. Mutane suna inganta aikin haske na kayan ta hanyar inganta abun da ke ciki, yanayin lokaci, girmansu, da dai sauransu a nanoscale, da kuma haɗa tsarin core / harsashi don rage cibiyar luminescence quenching, don ƙara yawan yiwuwar canji. Ta hanyar gyare-gyaren sinadarai, kafa fasahohi tare da kyakkyawan yanayin halitta don rage yawan guba, da haɓaka hanyoyin hoto don haɓaka ƙwayoyin rai masu haske da kuma a cikin vivo; Haɓaka ingantattun hanyoyin haɗaɗɗiyar halittu masu aminci bisa buƙatun aikace-aikace daban-daban (kwayoyin gano ƙwayoyin cuta, in vivo fluorescence imaging, photodynamic far, photothermal far, photo control drugs, etc.).
Wannan binciken yana da babban damar aikace-aikacen da fa'idodin tattalin arziki, kuma yana da mahimmancin mahimmancin kimiyya don haɓakar nanomedicine, haɓaka lafiyar ɗan adam, da ci gaban zamantakewa.
No.2 Rare duniya nano Magnetic kayan
Rare duniya madawwamin maganadisu kayan sun wuce ta matakai uku ci gaba: SmCo5, Sm2Co7, da kuma Nd2Fe14B. A matsayin sauri quenched NdFeB Magnetic foda ga bonded dindindin maganadisu kayan, da hatsi size jeri daga 20nm zuwa 50nm, yin shi da hankula nanocrystalline rare duniya m maganadisu abu.
Rare ƙasa nanomagnetic kayan suna da halaye na ƙananan girman, tsarin yanki guda ɗaya, da babban tilastawa. Yin amfani da kayan rikodin maganadisu na iya haɓaka rabon sigina-zuwa amo da ingancin hoto. Saboda ƙananan girmansa da babban abin dogaro, amfani da shi a cikin tsarin ƙananan motoci wani muhimmin alkibla ne don haɓaka sabon ƙarni na jirgin sama, sararin samaniya, da injinan ruwa. Don ƙwaƙwalwar maganadisu, ruwan maganadisu, Giant Magneto Resistance kayan, ana iya haɓaka aikin sosai, sa na'urori su zama babban aiki da ƙaramin ƙarfi.
Na 3Rare duniya nanoKatalytic kayan
Abubuwan da ba a taɓa gani ba a duniya sun haɗa da kusan dukkanin halayen motsa jiki. Saboda tasirin sama, tasirin girma, da tasirin girman ƙima, fasahar nanotechnology ta ƙasa da ba kasafai ta ƙara jawo hankali ba. A cikin halayen sinadarai da yawa, ana amfani da abubuwan da ba safai ba a duniya. Idan aka yi amfani da nanocatalysts na duniya da ba kasafai ba, za a inganta aikin kuzari da inganci sosai.
Ana amfani da nanocatalysts na ƙasa da ba kasafai gabaɗaya ba a cikin fatattakar man fetur da kuma tsarkakewa na sharar mota. Abubuwan da ba a saba amfani da su ba na duniya nanocatalytic suneCeO2kumaLa2O3, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi azaman masu haɓakawa da haɓakawa, da kuma masu ɗaukar kaya.
Na 4Nano cerium oxideultraviolet garkuwa abu
Nano cerium oxide an san shi azaman wakili na keɓewar ultraviolet na ƙarni na uku, tare da kyakkyawan tasirin keɓewa da haɓakawa mai yawa. A cikin kayan shafawa, ƙananan aikin catalytic nano ceria dole ne a yi amfani da shi azaman wakili mai ware UV. Sabili da haka, hankalin kasuwa da sanin kayan kariya na nano cerium oxide ultraviolet suna da girma. Ci gaba da haɓaka haɗin haɗin haɗin da'irar yana buƙatar sabbin kayan aiki don ƙirar ƙirar guntun da'ira. Sabbin kayan suna da buƙatu mafi girma don ruwan goge baki, kuma semiconductor ƙarancin ruwan goge ƙasa yana buƙatar biyan wannan buƙatun, tare da saurin gogewa da ƙarancin gogewa. Nano rare duniya polishing kayan suna da fadi da kasuwa.
Mahimman haɓakar mallakar mota ya haifar da mummunar gurɓataccen iska, kuma shigar da abubuwan da ke haifar da fitar da hayaki na mota shine hanya mafi inganci don sarrafa gurɓataccen iska. Nano cerium zirconium composite oxides suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen inganta ingancin tsarkakewar iskar wutsiya.
No.5 Sauran kayan aikin nano
01. Rare ƙasa nano yumbu kayan
Nano yumbu foda iya muhimmanci rage sintering zafin jiki, wanda shi ne 200 ℃ ~ 300 ℃ kasa fiye da na non nano yumbu foda tare da wannan abun da ke ciki. Ƙara nano CeO2 zuwa yumbu na iya rage yawan zafin jiki, hana haɓakar lattice, da inganta yawan yumbu. Ƙara abubuwan da ba kasafai ba a duniya kamarY2O3, CeO2, or La2O3 to ZrO2zai iya hana canjin yanayin zafi mai girma da haɓakar ZrO2, da samun canjin lokaci na ZrO2 da ƙarfi kayan tsarin yumbu.
Kayan lantarki na lantarki (na'urori masu auna firikwensin lantarki, kayan PTC, kayan microwave, capacitors, thermistor, da sauransu) da aka shirya ta amfani da ultrafine ko nanoscale CeO2, Y2O3,Nd2O3, Sm2O3, da sauransu sun inganta kayan lantarki, thermal, da kwanciyar hankali.
Haɗa kayan aikin haɗin gwiwa na duniya da ba kasafai ke aiki ba zuwa dabarar glaze na iya shirya yumbun ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙasa da ba kasafai ba.
02.Rare duniya nano bakin ciki film kayan
Tare da haɓakar kimiyya da fasaha, abubuwan da ake buƙata don samfuran suna ƙara tsauri, suna buƙatar ƙorafi, ultra-bakin ciki, ɗimbin yawa, da cikar samfura. A halin yanzu, akwai manyan nau'o'i uku na fina-finai na duniya da ba kasafai aka ƙera ba: fina-finan nano na duniya da ba kasafai ba, fina-finan nano na nano da ba kasafai ba, da kuma fina-finai na duniya nano alloy. Fina-finan nano da ba safai ba su ma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a masana'antar bayanai, haɓakawa, makamashi, sufuri, da magungunan rayuwa.
Kammalawa
Kasar Sin babbar kasa ce dake cikin albarkatun kasa da ba kasafai ba. Haɓakawa da aikace-aikacen abubuwan nanomaterials na ƙasa da ba kasafai wata sabuwar hanya ce ta yin amfani da albarkatun ƙasa da ba kasafai yadda ya kamata ba. Domin fadada aikace-aikace ikon yinsa na kasa rare da kuma inganta ci gaban da sabon aikin kayan aiki, da wani sabon ka'idar tsarin ya kamata a kafa a cikin kayan ka'idar saduwa da bincike bukatun a nanoscale, sa rare duniya nanomaterials samun mafi kyau yi, da kuma sa fitowan. na sababbin kaddarorin da ayyuka mai yiwuwa.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-29-2023