Bariumda mahadinsa
Sunan magani a cikin Sinanci: Barium
Sunan Ingilishi:Barium, Ba
Tsarin mai guba: Bariumwani ƙarfe ne mai laushi, azurfa fari luster alkaline ƙasa wanda ke wanzuwa a cikin yanayi a cikin nau'in barite mai guba (BaCO3) da barite (BaSO4). Barium mahadi suna yadu amfani da tukwane, gilashin masana'antu, karfe quenching, likita bambanci jamiái, magungunan kashe qwari, sinadaran reagent samar, da dai sauransu. Common barium mahadi hada da barium chloride, barium carbonate, barium acetate, barium nitrate, barium sulfate, barium sulfide,barium oxide, barium hydroxide, barium stearate, da dai sauransu.Barium karfekusan ba mai guba bane, kuma gubar mahadi na barium yana da alaƙa da narkewar su. Magungunan barium masu narkewa suna da guba sosai, yayin da barium carbonate, ko da yake kusan ba za a iya narkewa a cikin ruwa ba, yana da guba saboda narkewar sa a cikin hydrochloric acid don samar da barium chloride. Babban hanyar gubar barium ion shine toshe tashoshin potassium masu dogaro da calcium a cikin sel ta hanyar barium ions, wanda ke haifar da karuwa a cikin potassium na cikin salula da raguwar tattarawar potassium na waje, yana haifar da hypokalemia; Sauran masana sun yi imanin cewa ions barium na iya haifar da arrhythmia da alamun gastrointestinal ta hanyar ƙarfafa myocardium da santsin tsokoki kai tsaye. A sha mai narkewabariummahadi a cikin gastrointestinal fili yayi kama da na alli, lissafin kusan 8% na jimlar kashi. Kasusuwa da hakora sune manyan wuraren ajiya, suna lissafin sama da 90% na jimlar nauyin jiki.Bariuman sha baki an fi fitar da shi ta najasa; Mafi yawan barium da koda ta tace ana sake dawo dasu ta hanyar tubules na renal, tare da ɗan ƙaramin adadin ya bayyana a cikin fitsari. Kawar da rabin rayuwar barium shine kimanin kwanaki 3-4. Ana yawan samun cutar da barium mai tsanani ta hanyar shan sinadarin barium kamar fermentation foda, gishiri, garin alkali, gari, alkama, da sauransu. Haka kuma an samu rahotannin gubar barium sakamakon gurbataccen ruwan sha da sinadarin barium. Guba fili barium na sana'a ba kasafai ba ne kuma galibi ana shayarwa ta hanyar iskar numfashi ko lalacewa ta fata da mucous membranes. Hakanan an sami rahotannin guba da ya haifar ta hanyar fallasa zuwa ga barium stearate, yawanci tare da farawa mai zurfi ko na yau da kullun da kuma lokacin latent na watanni 1-10.
Girman magani
Adadin mai guba na yawan mutanen da ke shan barium chloride shine kusan 0.2-0.5g
Matsakaicin kisa ga manya shine kusan 0.8-1.0g
Bayyanar cututtuka: 1. Lokacin shiryawa na guba na baki yawanci shine 0.5-2 hours, kuma waɗanda suke da yawan ci suna iya samun alamun guba a cikin minti 10.
(1) Alamomin narkewar abinci da wuri su ne manyan alamomin: zafi mai zafi a baki da maƙogwaro, bushewar makogwaro, tashin hankali, ciwon kai, tashin zuciya, amai, ciwon ciki, yawan zawo, yawan ruwa da jinni, tare da maƙarƙashiyar ƙirji, bugun bugun zuciya, da lanƙwasa. a baki, fuska, da gabobi.
(2) Cigaban tsoka na ci gaba: Marasa lafiya da farko suna gabatar da rashin cikawa da gurɓataccen gaɓoɓin hannu, wanda ke ci gaba daga tsokoki mai nisa zuwa tsokoki na wuyansa, ƙwayoyin harshe, tsokoki na diaphragm, da tsokoki na numfashi. Ciwon tsokar harshe na iya haifar da wahalar hadiyewa, rashin iya magana, kuma a lokuta masu tsanani, gurguncewar tsokar numfashi na iya haifar da wahalar numfashi har ma da shaƙewa. (3) Lalacewar zuciya: Saboda yawan guba na barium ga myocardium da tasirinsa na hypokalemic, marasa lafiya na iya samun lalacewa ta zuciya, arrhythmia, tachycardia, sau da yawa ko mahara da ba a kai ba, diphthongs, triplets, atrial fibrillation, conduction block, da dai sauransu. na iya fuskantar matsananciyar arrhythmia, kamar nau'ikan raye-raye na ectopic, toshe na biyu ko na uku na atrioventricular block, ventricular flutter, fibrillation ventricular, har ma da kama zuciya. 2. Lokacin shiryawa na inhalation guba yakan canza tsakanin 0.5 zuwa 4 hours, bayyana a matsayin numfashi hasara bayyanar cututtuka irin su ciwon makogwaro, bushe makogwaro, tari, shortness na numfashi, maƙarƙashiyar ƙirji, da dai sauransu, amma bayyanar cututtuka na narkewa suna da sauƙi, kuma sauran bayyanar cututtuka na asibiti suna kama da guba na baki. 3. Alamu kamar su jijiyoyi, gajiya, tashin zuciya, da amai na iya bayyana cikin sa'a 1 bayan shayar da fata mai guba ta lalacewar fata da kunar fata. Marasa lafiya masu yawan kuna na iya haifar da alamun ba zato ba tsammani a cikin sa'o'i 3-6, gami da jujjuyawa, wahalar numfashi, da kuma babban lahani na zuciya. Hakanan bayyanar cututtuka suna kama da guba na baki, tare da ƙananan alamun ciki. Yanayin sau da yawa yana raguwa da sauri, kuma ya kamata a biya kulawa sosai a farkon matakan.
A ganewar asali
ma'auni sun dogara ne akan tarihin bayyanar da mahadi na barium a cikin fili na numfashi, tsarin narkewa, da mucosa na fata. Bayyanar cututtuka irin su flaccid tsoka inna da kuma myocardial lalacewa iya faruwa, da dakin gwaje-gwaje na iya nuna refractory hypokalemia, wanda za a iya gano. Hypokalemia shine tushen cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan barium. Ya kamata a bambanta raguwar ƙarfin tsoka da cututtuka irin su hypokalemic na lokaci-lokaci inna, guba mai guba na botulinum, myasthenia gravis, dystrophy na muscular na ci gaba, neuropathy na gefe, da kuma m polyradiculitis; Ya kamata a bambanta bayyanar cututtuka na ciki kamar tashin zuciya, amai, da ciwon ciki da gubar abinci; Hypokalemia ya kamata a bambanta da cututtuka irin su guba na trialkyltin, alkalosis na rayuwa, familial periodic paralysis, da kuma aldosteronism na farko; Ya kamata a bambanta arrhythmia daga cututtuka irin su guba na dijital da cututtukan zuciya.
Ka'idar jiyya:
1. Ga wadanda suka hadu da fata da mucous membranes don cire abubuwa masu guba, ya kamata a wanke wurin da ake hulɗa da su sosai tare da ruwa mai tsabta nan da nan don hana ci gaba da sha barium ions. Ya kamata a bi da marasa lafiya masu ƙonewa tare da ƙonewar sinadarai kuma a ba su 2% zuwa 5% sodium sulfate don zubar da rauni na gida; Wadanda suke shaka ta hanyar numfashi to su gaggauta barin wurin da guba, su rika kurkure bakinsu akai-akai don tsaftace bakinsu, sannan su rika shan sinadarin sodium sulfate daidai da baki; Ga wadanda suka sha ta hanyar narkewar abinci, sai su fara wanke cikinsu da sinadarin sodium sulfate ko ruwa 2% zuwa 5%, sannan a ba su 20-30 g na sodium sulfate domin zawo. 2. Detoxification miyagun ƙwayoyi sulfate zai iya samar da barium sulfate marar narkewa tare da barium ions don detoxify. Zabi na farko shine a yi allurar 10-20ml na 10% sodium sulfate ta cikin jijiyar, ko 500ml na 5% sodium sulfate ta cikin jijiyar. Dangane da yanayin, ana iya sake amfani da shi. Idan babu ajiyar sodium sulfate, ana iya amfani da sodium thiosulfate. Bayan samuwar barium sulfate mai narkewa, ana fitar da shi ta cikin kodan kuma yana buƙatar ingantaccen maye gurbin ruwa da diuresis don kare kodan. 3. Gyaran hypokalemia akan lokaci shine mabuɗin ceto mai tsanani na arrhythmia na zuciya da gurɓataccen tsokar numfashi wanda gubar barium ke haifarwa. Ka'idar kariyar potassium shine samar da isasshen potassium har sai electrocardiogram ya dawo daidai. Ana iya gudanar da guba mai laushi gabaɗaya ta baki, tare da 30-60ml na 10% potassium chloride ana samun kowace rana a cikin kashi biyu; Matsakaicin matsakaita zuwa mai tsanani na buƙatar ƙarin ƙwayar potassium a cikin jijiya. Marasa lafiya tare da irin wannan guba gabaɗaya suna da haƙuri mafi girma ga potassium, kuma 10 ~ 20ml na 10% potassium chloride za a iya shigar da shi ta cikin jini tare da 500ml na saline physiological ko glucose bayani. Marasa lafiya masu tsanani na iya ƙara yawan ƙwayar potassium chloride cikin jini zuwa 0.5% ~ 1.0%, kuma adadin ƙarin potassium zai iya kaiwa 1.0 ~ 1.5g a kowace awa. Majinyata masu mahimmanci galibi suna buƙatar allurai marasa al'ada da saurin haɓaka potassium a ƙarƙashin kulawar electrocardiographic. Ya kamata a yi tsauraran electrocardiogram da kuma kula da potassium na jini lokacin da ake ƙara potassium, kuma a kula da aikin fitsari da na koda. 4. Don sarrafa arrhythmia, ana iya amfani da kwayoyi irin su cardiolipin, bradycardia, verapamil, ko lidocaine don magani bisa ga nau'in arrhythmia. Ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ba a san tarihin likita ba da ƙananan sauye-sauye na electrocardiogram, yakamata a gwada potassium na jini nan da nan. Kawai ƙara ƙarin potassium sau da yawa ba shi da tasiri yayin rashin magnesium, kuma ya kamata a kula da ƙarin ƙarin magnesium a lokaci guda. 5. Mechanical samun iska na numfashi tsokar gurguzu shine babban dalilin mutuwa a cikin gubar barium. Da zarar tsokar tsokar numfashi ta bayyana, ya kamata a yi intubation na endotracheal da iskar inji nan da nan, kuma tracheotomy na iya zama dole. 6. Bincike ya nuna matakan tsarkakewar jini irin su hemodialysis na iya hanzarta cire ions barium daga cikin jini kuma suna da ƙimar warkewa. 7. Sauran magunguna masu taimako na alamun cutar amai da gudawa ya kamata a hanzarta ƙara su da ruwa don kiyaye daidaiton ruwa da electrolyte da hana kamuwa da cuta ta biyu.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-12-2024