21 Scanium da kuma hanyoyin gwajin sa na yau da kullun
Barka da zuwa wannan duniyar abubuwa cike da asirin da fara'a. A yau, zamu bincika abubuwa na musamman tare -tsirar da ruwa. Kodayake wannan kashi na iya zama gama gari a rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a kimiya da masana'antu.
Tsirar da ruwa, Wannan abu mai ban mamaki, yana da kyawawan kaddarorin. Memba ne na mai wuya na duniya kashi. Kamar sauranAbubuwa na Duniya, tsarin atomic na Scandium cike yake da asiri. Waɗannan abubuwa ne na kwayoyin halitta na musamman waɗanda ke yin Scanium suna taka rawar da ba za a iya ba da izini a cikin ilimin kimiyyar, sunad da kimiyya kimiyya.
Gano irin na Scandium yana cike da twists kuma yana juyawa da wahala. An fara ne a shekarar 1841, lokacin da Yaren mutanen Sweden Chemist Chistist Lfnilson (1840 ~ 1899) na fatan raba wasu abubuwa daga tsarkakakkeerbiumDuniya yayin da karatun karafa mai haske. Bayan lokutan 13 na yankuna na nitrates, a ƙarshe ya samu 3.5G na tsabtayearsbiumDuniya. Koyaya, ya gano cewa nauyin atomic nauyin bai yi daidai da nauyin atomic ypertom da Malinac ba. Sharp-Eyed Nelson ya fahimci cewa za a iya samun wasu fitaccen abu a ciki. Don haka ya ci gaba da aiwatar da ypestbium ya samu tare da tsari iri ɗaya. A ƙarshe, lokacin da ɗaya-goma kawai aka bar, nauyin atomic nauyi ya ragu zuwa 167.46. Wannan sakamakon yana kusa da nauyin atomic nauyi na YTTTrium, don haka Nelson mai suna shi "Scanium".
Ko da yake Nelson ya gano Scandium, bai jawo hankalin da hankali daga al'ummar kimiyya saboda raridinta da wahala a rabuwa. Ba har zuwa ƙarshen karni na 19 ba, lokacin da bincike akan abubuwan duniya da ba a taɓa faruwa ba, an sake gano tsarukan Scandium kuma sun yi karatu.
Don haka, bari mu bincika wannan tafiyar matchandium, don buɗe asirinsa da fahimtar wannan talakawa amma a zahiri scaring.
Filin aikace-aikace na Scandium
Alamar Scandium ce sc, da kuma atomic lambar ita ce 21. Estarshe shine mai taushi, ƙarfe-siliki-farin farare. Kodayake Scanium ba abu ne na yau da kullun a cikin ɓawon burodi na duniya ba, yana da filayen aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace, galibi a cikin waɗannan bangarorin:
1. Masana'antu Aerdospace: Sihiri Aluminum yana da sauƙi, mai ƙarfi-ƙarfi duk an yi amfani da shi a cikin tsarin jirgin, sassan injin, da masana'antun makami mai linzami. Additionarin Scandium na iya inganta ƙarfi da juriya da lalata da juriya yayin rage yawan kayan aikin, yin kayan aiki na Aerospace kuma mafi dawwama.
2. Kwararrun kekuna da kayan wasanni:Scandium AluminumHakanan ana amfani dashi don yin kekuna, kungiyoyin golf, da sauran kayan wasanni. Saboda kyakkyawan ƙarfi da haske,Scanium AloyZa a iya inganta aikin kayan aikin wasanni, rage nauyi, da kuma ƙara ƙarfin kayan.
3. Masana'antar haske:Scandium iodideana amfani dashi azaman filler a fitilun Xenon fitilu. Ana amfani da kwararan fitila a cikin daukar hoto, yin fim, hasken rana, da kayan aikin likita saboda halayen likita saboda halayen likita suna kusa da halaye na zamani.
4. Kwayoyin man fetur:Scandium AluminumHakanan yana samun aikace-aikace cikin sel mai ƙarfi na oxide (sofcs). A cikin waɗannan baturan,Scanium-Aluminum SomelAna amfani dashi azaman kayan ɗawainan, wanda ke da babban aiki da kwanciyar hankali, taimaka wajen inganta ingancin da kwayoyin mai.
5. Ana amfani da binciken kimiyya: Ana amfani da Scandium azaman kayan ganowa a cikin binciken kimiyya. A cikin gwaje-gwajen kimiyyar Nuclear da kuma samar da hanyoyin da aka matsar da su, ana amfani da lu'ulu'u na sikelin lu'ulu'u don gano radadi da barbashi.
6. Sauran aikace-aikacen: Ana kuma amfani da Scandium azaman babban-zazzabi Servicictor kuma a cikin wasu alloli na musamman don inganta kaddarorin na payoy. Saboda kyakkyawan aikin sikelium a cikin tsari na Anodizing, ana amfani dashi a cikin samar da kayan lantarki don baturan lithium da sauran na'urorin lantarki.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa duk da yawancin aikace-aikacenta da yawa, samarwa na Scandium da amfani da su ne da ƙarancin dangi, don haka ana buƙatar farashi a hankali yayin amfani da shi.
Kayan jiki na kayan Scandium
1. Tsarin Atomic: Nucleus na Scandium ya ƙunshi proton 21 kuma yawanci ya ƙunshi neutrons 20. Saboda haka, ma'aunin atomic secon (dangi na atomic) kusan 44.955908. Dangane da tsarin atomic tsari, tsarin lantarki na Scandium shine 1s² 2p⁶ 3S² 3S¹ 4S¹ 4s² 4s².
2. Jiha na zahiri: Scaniduum mai tsauri ne a zazzabi a daki kuma yana da bayyanar fenti-farin. Jiharta ta zahiri zata iya canjawa dangane da canje-canje a zazzabi da matsin lamba.
3. Kayayyaki: Yawan Scandium kusan 2.989 g / cm3. Wannan in mun gwada da ƙananan yawa yana sa ta ƙarfe mai nauyi.
4. Mayan Mel: Mayan Meling: Misalin melting na kusan 1541 digiri ne Celsius (2806 digiri Fahrenshet), wanda ke nuna cewa yana da babban melting. 5. Point Point: Scanisium yana da tafasasshen misalin kusan 2836 digiri Celsius (5137 digiri Fahrenshet), wanda ke nufin cewa yana buƙatar babban yanayin zafi don ƙafe.
6. Yin amfani da lantarki: Scandium kyakkyawar wutar lantarki ce, tare da masu amfani da wutar lantarki. Duk da yake ba kyau kamar kayan aiki na yau da kullun kamar tagulla ko aluminum, har yanzu yana da amfani a cikin wasu aikace-aikace na musamman, kamar aikace-aikacen Aerrolypolytic da aikace-aikacen Aerospolytic.
7. A halin mutuntaka: Scandium yana da babban aiki mai zafi, wanda ya sanya shi kyakkyawan mai gudanar da zafi a yanayin zafi. Wannan yana da amfani a wasu aikace-aikace masu yawa.
8. Tsarin Crystal: Scandium yana da hexagonal Crystal Crystal Crystal, wanda ke nufin cewa an cire kwayoyin halitta cikin hexagons na kusa-crystal.
9. Magnetism: Scandium shine Diamagnetic a zazzabi dakin, ma'ana ba ya jawo hankalin ko watsi da filayen Magnetic. Halinsa na Magnetic yana da alaƙa da tsarin lantarki.
10. Romawa da rediyo: Dukkanin raunin Scandium ba su da rediyo ba aiki ba, don haka ne kashi mai rarrafe.
Scanidum shine hasken rana, mai narkewa-m-metit tare da aikace-aikace na musamman, musamman a cikin masana'antar masana'antu da kuma ilimin kayan aiki na Aerospace. Kodayake ba a saba samun cikin yanayi ba, kayan aikinta na jikinta yana sa ta sami amfani sosai a yankuna da yawa.
Sunadarai na Scandium
Scandium shine sashin ƙarfe na canzawa.
1. Tsarin Atomic: Tsarin Atomic na Scandium ya ƙunshi proton 21 kuma yawanci kusan 20 neuturs. Sanya kayan lantarki shine 1s² 2P⁶ 2S² 3S² 3D¹, yana nuna cewa yana da wanda ba ya rinjaye ɗaya.
2. Alamar saidai da lambar atomic: Alamar scandium ta SC, kuma lambar atomic lambar ita ce 21.
3. Electronegativity: Scanidium yana da ƙarancin lantarki na kimanin 1.36 (kamar yadda Paul Paul Publeugative). Wannan yana nufin cewa yana iya rasa abubuwan lantarki don samar da kyakkyawan ions.
4. Scriveation na hadawa da hadada Wannan shine mafi yawan jihar iskar iskar iskar. Kodayake sc²⁺ da sc⁴⁺ suna yiwuwa, ba su da ƙarfi da kuma gama gari.
5. Wasu mahadi na gama gari sun hada daScandium oxide (SC2O3) da scanium helid (kamarScandium chloride, sccl3).
6. Hutu: Scanidia Karfe mai saurin aiki, amma yana oxidizes cikin sauri a cikin iska, forming wani fim din oxide na domandia, wanda ke hana ƙarin halayen iskar shaye-shaye. Wannan kuma yana sanya Scandium ya tabbata da kwanciyar hankali kuma yana da wasu juriya na lalata.
7. Sanarwar: Desolves sannu a hankali a cikin mafi yawan acid, amma ta narke sauƙin a karkashin yanayin alkaline. Babu shakka cikin ruwa saboda fim ɗin oxide yana hana ƙarin halayen kwayoyin halittar ruwa.
8. Landide-kamar sinadaran sunadarai: kaddarorin sunadarai suna kama da na jerin Lanthaide (Lanthanum, gadolinium, Neodymium, da sauransu), don haka wani lokacin ana siffata a matsayin kashi na Lanthanide. Wannan yafi kamance ya bayyana a cikin na ionic radius, kayan aiki da kuma wasu lokatai.
9. Isasotopes: Scanium yana da isotopes da yawa, wasu daga cikinsu sun tabbata. Mafi kyawun jakar shi ne SC-45, wanda ke da dogon rayuwa kuma ba rediyo ba.
Scandium wani abu ne mai wuya kashi, amma saboda wasu kaddarorin sunadarai da na yau da kullun, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a yawancin wuraren aikace-aikacen, musamman a cikin aikace-aikacen Aerospace da wasu aikace-aikacen fasaha.
Abubuwan ilimin halittu na Scandium
Scanidium ba abu ne na yau da kullun ba cikin yanayi. Sabili da haka, ba shi da kaddarorin halittu a cikin kwayoyin. Abubuwan kwayoyin halittu yawanci sun hada da ayyukan halittu, daukar lokaci, metabolism da tasirin abubuwa kan halittu masu rai. Tunda Scandium ba mahimmanci bane ga rayuwa, babu wani kwayoyin halitta suna da bukatar halittu ko amfani dashi don scandium.
Tasirin kwarin gwiwa akan kwayoyin galibi yana da alaƙa da aikin rediyo. Wasu isotopes na Scandium ba rediyo, don haka idan jikin mutum ko wasu kwayoyin suna fallasa scanium na rediyo, yana iya haifar da haɗarin Redadia. Wannan yanayin yakan faru ne da takamaiman yanayi kamar bincike na ilimin nukiliya, radiothera ko hatsarin nukiliya.
Scanidium bai yi amfani da shi da amfani ba tare da kwayoyin halitta kuma akwai haɗari na radiation. Saboda haka, ba muhimmin abu bane a cikin halittu.
Scandium shine asalin kayan kwalliya mai wuya, kuma rarraba ta a cikin yanayin da ya iyakance. Ga cikakken gabatarwa zuwa rarraba sikelium cikin yanayi:
1. Abun cikin yanayi: Scandium ya wanzu a adadi kaɗan a cikin ɓawon burodi na ƙasa. Matsakaicin abun ciki a cikin ɓawon burodi na ƙasa shine kusan 0.0026 MG / kg (ko sassa 2.6 a kowace miliyan). Wannan yana sa Scanium daya daga cikin abubuwan da aka rasa a cikin ɓawon burodi a duniya.
2. Gano a cikin ma'adanai: Duk da iyakantaccen abun ciki, za a iya samun Scandium a wasu ma'adanai, galibi a cikin attides ko safiya. Wasu ma'adanai waɗanda ke ɗauke da sikelium sun haɗa da Scandianite da doldite.
3. Hakar abin da ya faru: saboda ƙarancin rarraba a cikin yanayin, yana da wahala a cire tsarkakakken scanium. Yawancin lokaci, ana samun Scandium azaman mai ba da kayan aluminium m, kamar yadda ya faru tare da aluminum a cikin Bauxite.
4. Rarraba Gasa: Ana rarraba Scandium Duniya, amma ba a ko'ina. Wasu ƙasashe kamar China, Russia, Norway, Sweden da Brazil suna da adibas mai kyau, yayin da wasu yankuna da wuya su same su.
Kodayake Scandium yana da taƙaitaccen rarraba yanayi, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a wasu manyan fasaha da kuma aikace-aikace na masana'antu, don haka ta
Hakar da smeliium na kashi na Scandium
Scanidum wani abu ne mai wuya, kuma hakar ma'adanan da hakar ma'adanan suna da matukar rikitarwa. Mai zuwa cikakken bayani ne ga ma'adinai da kuma hakar aiki na kayan Scandium Election:
1. Hakar abin da ake amfani da Scandium: Scanidium ba ya wanzu a cikin ukunsu a cikin yanayi, amma yawanci yana cikin zane mai yawa a cikin Ores. Babban ores sun hada da Veradium Scanidium Ore, zircon ore, da Yttrium ore. Abin da abun ciki na Scanilah a cikin waɗannan orres ya kasance low.
Tsarin cire daskararre scanidium yawanci ya ƙunshi matakai masu zuwa:
a. Hakar ma'adinai: tayar da ores wanda ya ƙunshi sikelium.
b. Murmushe da ORE sarrafawa: Murmushe da sarrafa ess raba eres raba eres daga duwatsu sharar gida.
c. Fasaha: Ta hanyar tsarin flotation, Ors wanda ya ƙunshi Scandium sun rabu da sauran ƙazanta.
d. Kashewa da raguwa: Scandium Hydroxide yawanci ana narkar da sannan a rage zuwa ƙarfe Scandium ta rage wakili (yawanci aluminum).
e. Hakar wutan lantarki: Ana iya fitar da rage sikeli ta hanyar aiwatar da lantarki don samun tsarkakakanciKarfe Scandium Karfe.
3. Gyara na Scandium: ta hanyar matattarar rushewa da yawa da tafiyar matakai, tsarkakakkiyar scandium na iya ƙara inganta. Hanyar gama gari ita ce rabuwa da kuma crystallize scanium mahadi ta hanyar chloration ko matakai na carbonation don samuBabban Scanium.
Ya kamata a lura cewa saboda ƙarancin tsintsiya na Scandium, hakar da sabuntawa suna buƙatar ingantaccen injin sharar gida da kuma samfuran samfuri. Saboda haka, ma'adinan da hakar Scandium wani hadaddun aiki ne da tsada, yawanci hade da hakar ma'adinai da aiwatar da sauran abubuwan don inganta ingancin tattalin arziki don inganta ingancin tattalin arziki don inganta ingancin tattalin arziki don inganta ingancin tattalin arziki don inganta ingancin tattalin arziki don inganta ingancin tattalin arziki don inganta ingancin tattalin arziki don inganta ingancin tattalin arziki don inganta ingancin tattalin arziki don inganta ingancin tattalin arziki don inganta ingancin tattalin arziki don inganta ingancin tattalin arziki don inganta ingancin tattalin arziki don inganta ingancin tattalin arziki don inganta ingancin tattalin arziki don inganta ingancin tattalin arziki don inganta ingancin tattalin arziki don inganta ingancin tattalin arziki don inganta ingancin tattalin arziki don inganta ingancin tattalin arziki don inganta ingancin tattalin arziki don inganta ingancin tattalin arziki don inganta ingancin tattalin arziki don inganta ingancin tattalin arziki don inganta ingancin tattalin arziki don inganta ingancin tattalin arziki don inganta ingancin tattalin arziki don inganta ingancin tattalin arziki don inganta ingancin tattalin arziki don inganta ingancin tattalin arziƙi.
Gano hanyoyin na Scandium
1. Karancin atomic sha (AAS): Atomic sha sha karin bayani dalla-dalla wanda ke amfani da wasan kwaikwayo na zamba a takamaiman sikelin a cikin samfurin. Yana daukar samfurin da za a gwada samfurin a cikin harshen wuta, sannan kuma ya auna ƙarfin ƙwayar ƙwayar Scandium a cikin samfurin ta hanyar Spectrometer. Wannan hanyar ta dace da gano inda aka gano na kwarin gwiwa na Scandium.
2. Yana atomizes samfurin kuma samar da plasma, kuma yana tantance takamaiman yanayin da kuma tsanani na scandium watsi a cikin spectrometer.
3. Yana ɗaukar samfurin da samar da plasma, kuma yana tantance adadin-cajin caji na Scitium a cikin taro spectrometer. 4. X-ray Cryorescence Spectometry (X-ray): X-ray Cryoresvescence Spectometry yana amfani da bakan gizo da aka kirkira bayan X-haskoki na farin ciki da bayanan abubuwan da ke cikin abubuwan. Zai iya hanzarta kuma tantance abubuwan da ba su dace da sikirin ba a cikin samfurin.
5. Kai tsaye karanta spectometry: wanda kuma aka sani da PhotodecterCRACLECRECTECHETER da aka yi amfani da su don bincika abubuwan da ke cikin abubuwan da ke cikin samarwa. Yana amfani da high-zazzabi na lantarki mai tsayi ko arcs don kawar da abubuwan da ke cikin samfurin daga m jihar da emit halayyar halayyar mutane. Kowane bangare yana da layin yanki na musamman, kuma ƙarfin sa ya daidaita ga abubuwan da ke cikin samfurin. Ta hanyar auna ƙarfin waɗannan hanyoyin munanan halaye, abubuwan da ke cikin kowane abu a cikin samfurin za'a iya ƙaddara shi. Wannan hanyar ana amfani da ita musamman don tsarin haɗawa da kayan tarihi da allura, musamman ma a cikin ƙarfe, sarrafa ƙarfe, kayan aikin ƙarfe da sauran filayen.
Waɗannan hanyoyin ana amfani dasu sosai a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje da masana'antu don bincike mai ƙima da ingantaccen ikon Scandium. Zabi na hanyar da ta dace ya dogara da abubuwan da ke faruwa game da nau'ikan samfurin, iyakancewar ganowa da daidaitawar ganowa.
Takamaiman aikace-aikacen scandium ciyarwa
A cikin kashi na kashi, wasan kwaikwayo na atomomp yana da babban daidaito da kuma sarkin da ake tsammani, da samar da ingantacciyar hanya, da abun ciki.
Bayan haka, zamu yi amfani da wasan kwaikwayo na atomompy don auna abubuwan baƙin ƙarfe.
Takamaiman matakai kamar haka:
Shirya samfurin da za a gwada. Don shirya bayani na samfurin da za a auna, ya zama dole don amfani da gauraye acid don narkewa don sauƙaƙe ma'aunai na gaba.
Zabi mai dauke da kayan kwalliya na atomomp ya dace. Zaɓi mai dacewa da spectourmet mai dacewa da aka samo shi akan kaddarorin da za a gwada da kewayon abun cikin Scandium abun ciki da za a auna. Daidaita sigogi na spectourmet na ciyarwa na atomom. Daidaita sigogi na ciyarwa na ciyarwa na atomomp, gami da tushen hasken, atomizer, mai ganowa, da sauransu, dangane da tsarin da aka gwada da kuma tsarin kayan aiki da kayan aiki.
Auna abin tunawa da scandium kashi. Sanya samfurin da za a gwada shi cikin atomizer da Emit hasken wutar lantarki na takamaiman igiyar ruwa ta hanyar tushen haske. Za a gwada abubuwan da za a gwada su zai sha wannan hasken wutar lantarki kuma suna haifar da sauye-sauyen matakin. Auna abin tunawa da scandium kashi ta hanyar ganowa.
Lissafta abun ciki na kayan Scandium. Lissafta abun ciki na kayan Scanium wanda ya dogara da tunawa da daidaitaccen tsari.
A cikin ainihin aiki, ya zama dole don zaɓar hanyoyin daidaitattun abubuwan da suka dace bisa ga takamaiman bukatun shafin. Waɗannan hanyoyin ana amfani dasu sosai a cikin bincike da gano baƙin ƙarfe a dakunan gwaje-gwaje da masana'antu.
A karshen cikakken gabatarwarmu ga Scandium, muna fatan cewa masu karatu na iya samun hankali mai zurfi da sanin wannan abu mai ban mamaki. Scanidum, a matsayin muhimmin mahimmanci a cikin tebur na lokaci-lokaci, ba wai kawai yana wasa ne kawai a fagen kimiyya ba, amma kuma yana da kewayon aikace-aikace a rayuwar yau da kullun da sauran filayen.
Ta hanyar yin nazarin kaddarorin, amfani, tsari na ganowa da aikace-aikacen Scanium a cikin kimiyyar zamani da fasaha, zamu iya ganin fara'a da yuwuwar wannan kashi. Daga kayan aiki zuwa fasahar baturi, daga man dabbobi zuwa kayan aikin likita, Scanedium yana taka muhimmiyar rawa.
Tabbas, muna buƙatar gane cewa yayin da Scandium yana kawo dacewa ga rayuwarmu, shi ma yana da haɗarin haɗari. Saboda haka, yayin da muke buƙatar jin daɗin fa'idodin Scandium, dole ne mu kuma kula da amfani mai hankali da daidaitaccen aikace-aikacen don guje wa matsalolin da muke da fahimta da fahimtarmu. A cikin ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha, muna tsammanin Scandium don buga fa'idodi na musamman a cikin more filayen kuma ya kawo ƙarin damar da mamaki ga rayuwarmu.
Lokaci: Nuwamba-14-2024