Ceriumhe metala hina a ola me ka mānoanoa o 6.9g/cm3 (cubic crystal), 6.7g/cm3 (hexagonal crystal), hehee wahi o 795 ℃, paila o 3443 ℃, a me ka ductility. ʻO ia ka metala lanthanide nui loa. Hoʻopili pinepine nā ʻāpana cerium i nā ʻulaʻula.
Ceriumhiki ke oxidized ma ka lumi wela a lilo kona luster i ka ea. Hiki ke puhi ʻia i ka ea ma ke ʻoki ʻana me ka pahi (ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka cerium maʻemaʻe i ka puhi ʻana, akā hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia i ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka wā i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a hui pū ʻia me ka hao). Ke hoʻomehana ʻia, ʻā ia i ka lewa e hana i ka ceria. Hiki ke hana me ka wai paila e hana i ka cerium hydroxide, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka waika akā hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe i ka alkali.
1, ʻO ka mea pohihihi o ka mea cerium
Cerium,me ka helu atomika o 58, nonā mea ʻeleʻele rarea he mea lanthanide ia i loko o ka Pūʻulu IIIB o ka ʻōnaehana manawa ʻeono. ʻO kāna hōʻailona elementalCe, a he metala hana ahinahina kala. Hiki i kona pauka ke hoʻohūhū wale i ka ea a hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā waikawa a me nā mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa. ʻO ka inoa cerium mai ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻo ka nui o ka cerium i loko o ka ʻōpala o ka honua ma kahi o 0.0046%, e lilo ana ia i mea nui loa o ka honua.
I loko o ka ʻohana element earth rare, ʻaʻole kānalua ʻo cerium ka "kaikunāne nui". ʻO ka mea mua, he 238 ppm ka nui o nā ʻāina laha ʻole i loko o ka ʻāʻī o ka Honua, me ka cerium he 68 ppm, ʻo ia ka 28% o ka nui o ka hoʻoili honua laha ʻole a ke kūlana mua; ʻO ka lua, ʻo ka cerium ka lua o ka mea laha ʻole i ʻike ʻia i ʻeiwa mau makahiki ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana oyttriumi 1794. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻike pili, hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i ka pūnaewele ʻike nonūhou pāʻoihana.
2、 ʻO ka hoʻohana nui o ka cerium
1. Nā mea pili i ke kaiapuni, me ka palapala noi ʻoi loa ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe automotive. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka cerium i nā catalysts ternary maʻamau o nā metala makamae e like me ka platinum, rhodium, palladium, etc. hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana catalyst a hoʻemi i ka nui o nā metala makamae i hoʻohana ʻia. ʻO nā mea hoʻohaumia nui i loko o nā kinoea hoʻopau he carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, a me ammonia oxides, hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ka ʻōnaehana hematopoietic kanaka, hana i ka uahi ʻawaʻawa photochemical, a hana i nā carcinogens, e hōʻino ai i ke kanaka, holoholona, a me nā mea kanu. Hiki i ka ʻenehana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ternary ke hoʻoheheʻe piha i nā hydrocarbons a me carbon monoxide e hana i ka carbon dioxide a me ka wai, a hoʻoheheʻe i nā oxide i loko o ka amonia a me ka oxygen (no laila ka inoa ʻo ternary catalysis).
2. Hoʻololi i nā metala ʻino: Hiki i ka Cerium sulfide ke hoʻololi i nā metala e like me ke kēpau a me ka cadmium e pōʻino ai ke kaiapuni a me ke kanaka ma ke ʻano he mea kala ʻulaʻula no nā plastic. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻoihana e like me ka uhi, ka inika, a me ka pepa. Hoʻohana pū ʻia nā pūhui organik e like me ka cerium rich light rare earth cyclic acid salts i mea hoʻomaloʻo pena, PVC plastic stabilizers, a me MC nylon modifiers. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻololi i nā mea ʻawaʻawa e like me nā paʻakai kepau a hoʻemi i nā mea waiwai e like me ka paʻakai wili. 3. Hiki ke hoʻonui i ka maikaʻi o nā mea kanu, hoʻonui i ka hua, a hoʻonui i ke kūʻē ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi o nā mea kanu. Hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he meaʻai meaʻai, hiki iā ia ke hoʻonui i ka nui o ka hua manu o ka moa a me ke ola ola o ka iʻa a me ka mahiʻai ʻōpae, a hoʻomaikaʻi pū i ka maikaʻi o ka hulu hipa o nā hipa lauoho lōʻihi.
3、 Huipuia maʻamau o ka cerium
1.Cerium oxide- he mea hoʻomeamea me ke ʻano kemikaCeO2, he pauda kōkua melemele māmā a melemele paha. Density 7.13g/cm3, helu heheʻe 2397 ℃, hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a me ka alkali, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe iki ʻia i ka waikawa. ʻO kāna hana e pili ana i nā mea polishing, catalysts, catalyst carriers (additives), ultraviolet absorbers, fuel cell electrolytes, automotive exhaust absorbers, electronic ceramics, etc.
2. ʻO Cerium sulfide - me ka molecular formula CeS, he ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻulaʻula hou a pili i ke kaiapuni i hoʻohana ʻia ma nā māla o nā plastics, nā uhi, nā pena, nā puaʻa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. No nā puaʻa inorganic, loaʻa iā ia ka mana kalakala ikaika, ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻulaʻula, ka pale wela maikaʻi, ke kūpaʻa māmā, ka pale ʻana i ka wā, ka mana uhi maikaʻi, ka neʻe ʻole, a he mea hoʻololi maikaʻi loa ia no nā puaʻa inorganic metala kaumaha e like me ka cadmium ʻulaʻula.
3. Cerium chloride- ʻike ʻia ʻo cerium trichloride, he anhydrouscerium chloridea i ʻole he mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻia o ka cerium chloride e hoʻonāukiuki i ka maka, ka ʻōnaehana hanu, a me ka ʻili. Hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻoihana e like me ka petroleum catalysts, automotive exhaust catalysts, intermediate compounds, a me ka hana ʻana ometala cerium.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-12-2024