Hafnium, metal metala HF, atomic helu 72, atomic paona 178.49, he mea hina shush bily class transit transit.
ʻO Hafnium heʻeono mau mea paʻa maoli: Hafnium 174, 176, a me ka heihei ikaika loa, a he 189, a me 189. Hiki mai ka inoa inoa inoa mai ka inoa o ka latin o ke kūlanakauhale copenhagen.
I ka makahiki 1925, simsish chemisst Hervey a me Dutch Shance i loaʻa iā Grodim Salt ma Metal Hafetalist Aiaʻo Hafnium i 0.00045%% o ka lepo o ka Honua a me ka manawa pinepine e pili pū me Zirconium i keʻano.
Hua inoa huahana: Hafnium
Nā Kūlana Kūlana: hf
LĀLOHE: 178.49
Nā Kūlana Kūlana: Waihona Mertalic
Nā kino pilikino:
Hafniumhe kala kala kala me ka lum metala; ʻElua mau hiʻohiʻona o ka hafnium: Loaʻa iā Metal Hafnim i nā loli allotrope ma nāʻano kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa iā ITTH Hafnium kahi'āpana e pili ana i keʻano o ka netutron e pili ana i ka mahele o ka mania a hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia e like me kahi mea hoʻomalu no nā mea hou.
ʻElua mauʻano o nāʻano crystal I nā mahana ma luna o 1300 ℃, he kino ke kino cubic (β- i hoʻohālikelikeʻia). He mea metala me ka palani e paʻakikī ai a lilo i brittle i ka heleʻana o nā haumia. Paʻa i loko o ka lewa, e pouli wale nō ma luna o ka papa i ka wā e puhiʻia ai. Hiki ke nānāʻia nā filement e ka lapalapa o kahi hoʻokūkū. Waiwai e like me ka zirconium. ʻAʻole ia e like me ka wai, e hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻia, a iʻole nā waihona waiwai, akā e maʻalahi maʻalahi i ka aqua regia a me ka hydrofluori. Ka nui o nā mea hoʻohui me kahi + 4 valence. Uaʻikeʻiaʻo Hafnium a Alloy (Ta4hfc5) eʻike i ke ala kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe
Crystal Structure:ʻO ka crystal cell he hexagonal
Helu helu: 7440-58-6
Melngqing Point: 2227 ℃
Boilage: 4602 ℃
Nā waiwai waiwai:
ʻO nā waiwai o nā mea kanu o Hafnium e like me ka poʻe o Zirconium, a he kūmole maikaʻiʻo ia e hoʻoponoponoʻia e ka Allid Alkali Maʻalahi i ka hoʻopiliʻana i ka maʻi hydrofluoric e hana i nā hopena fluorinated. Ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻohui pūʻiaʻo Hafnium me nā mea e like me nā oxygen e like me ka oxygen a me nitrogen e hoʻopaʻa i nā milities a me nā nitrides.
Loaʻa pinepineʻo Hafnium i kahi + 4 valence i loko o nā hoʻohui. Ka nui o ka huiHAFIUM Oxnium OxideHFE2. ʻEkolu mauʻanoʻano likeʻole o ka hafnium o hafniumHAFIUM Oxnium Oxideloaʻa e ka helu mauʻana o ka hafnium sulfate a chrlodex oxde he moncolicic ʻO ka Oxnium Oxide i loaʻa ma o ka hoʻomehana i ka hydroxide o ka hafnium ma kahi o 400 ℃ ℃ ℃ Inā hiki ke kohoʻia ma luna o 1000 ℃, hiki ke loaʻa kahiʻano cubic. ʻO kekahi hui pū kekahihafnium tetrachloride,ʻo ia ka mea nui no ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i ka hafnium a me ka mākaukau e hoʻihoʻiʻia e ka huiʻana o ka hafnim a me ka carbere. Hele maiʻo Hafnium Tetrachloride me ka wai a me ka hydrolyzes lōʻihi i loko o ka hf (4h2o) 2 + '. HF2 + O ionsU i ka nui o nā hui o Hafnium, a hiki ke kāhea i nā mea i hoʻohālikelikeʻiaʻo Hafnimp
4-Valent Hafnium,ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻopili ai i nā paʻakikī me ka fluoride,ʻo ia ka k2hff6, (nh4) 2hff7. Ua hoʻohanaʻia kēia mau paʻakikī no ka hoʻokaʻawale o Zirnimuum a me Hafnium.
Nā hui maʻamau:
Hafnium Dioxide: Inoa Hafnium Dioxide; Hafnium dioxide; Molecular pololei: Hf2 [4]; Mea waiwai:ʻO ka papa keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo meʻekolu mau crystal stute: monoclinic, tetragontal, a me cubic. ʻO nā huaʻai he 10.3, 10.1, a me 10.43g / cm3, e pili pono. Melting Point 2780-2920k. Boulip point 5400k. Hoʻoliloʻo Thermal Expansion 5.8 × 10-6 / ℃. Intsumble in wai, hydrochlopric acid, a me nitric acid, akā sould acid, akā hookeo i ka acid sulticuric aconoid a me ka hydrofluoric acid. Hanaʻia e ka decomposition thermal a iʻole hydrolysis o nā pūpū e like me ka hafnium sulfate a hafnium oxylordide. ʻO nā lako hana no ka hanaʻana o ka hanaʻana i ka mea aloha a me ka hafnium alloys. Ua hoʻohanaʻia he mea kūʻai hou aku, anti radieftive coatist, a me nā catalysts. [5] Ka hana nui o ka ikehu o Hfoic i loaʻa i ka huahana i loaʻa i ka wā e hana ana i ka hanaʻana i kaʻenehana onimika Ke hoʻomakaʻana mai ka lua o ka lua, nā kaʻina o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, hoʻemi, a me ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana a me ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana a me ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana o ka zircotium.
Hafnium tetrachloride: Hafnium (iv) chrlode, hafnium terachlortide molecular countla hfcl4 molecular paona. Ka nānāʻana i ka palau. E hoʻomoʻi i ka acetone a me ka methanol. Hydrolyze i ka wai e hana ai i ka hafnium oxychloride (hfll2). Wela i 250 ℃ a me ka evaporate. Huhū i nā maka,'ōnaehana hanu, a me kaʻili.
Hafnium hydroxide: hafnium hydroxide (h4hfo4) Wela i 100 ℃ e hana i ka hafnium hydroxide hfo (oh) 2. Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia e hana i nā pūpū hafnium'ē aʻe.
Ka mōʻaukala noiʻi
Hoʻopuka Hoʻomaopopo Manaʻo:
I ka makahiki 1923 I ka makahiki 1925,ʻo Hervey a me Brader i hoʻokaʻawale iā Zirconium a me Titinium e hoʻohana ana i keʻanoʻoi aku ka wā o ka pīlani palu. Ae ho'ūheʻe i ka paʻakai o ka paʻakai me ka badical sodium e loaʻa i ka huapalaoa ma Metal banik. Ua hoʻomākaukauʻo Hervey i kahi hōʻike o kekahi mau milligrams o ka hafnium maʻemaʻe.
Nā hoʻokolohua kūlohelohe ma Zirnicoum a me Hafnium:
I kahi hoʻokolohua i alakaʻiʻia e nā carl carl carlins i ke kulanui i ka nui o nā gammas-178m2 [8] hf178m2 ʻO nā'ōlelo a Collins 'e hōʻike ana i hoʻokahi gram o ka HF178m2 (Hafnium 178m2) e like me ka mea i hoʻokuʻuʻia e ka 300 mau kilokilo o nā mea hana o nā mea hana. Hōʻike ka hōʻikeʻana o Collins e hōʻike ana i ka ikaika a pau i kēiaʻano o ka hopena o ka X-ray a me Hf178m2 (Hafnium [9] Uaʻaeʻia ka Pentagon Bank kālā no ka noiʻi. I ka hoʻokolohua, ua haʻahaʻa loa ka pahu pahu hōʻailona (me nā hewa koʻikoʻi ma lalo o nā hana he nui e hōʻike ana i nā hana he nui e hōʻikeʻia e ka lehulehu ʻO ka hopena, ua manaʻoʻia nā colposis i kahi ala o ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā mea pāʻani gamma induced e hoʻokuʻu i ka mana mai hf178m2) [15], akā naʻe, akā,ʻo Hafnim [16] HF178m2
KA MEA:
He mea maikaʻi loaʻo Hafnium ma muli o kona hiki ke Emit Electrons, e like me ka mea e like me keʻano o nā kukui. Hoʻohanaʻia e like me ka cathode no X-Ray Tubes, a me nā alloys o Hafnium a me nā mea inu a iʻole ka molybdenum a iʻole nā moltage e like me nā electroge kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana pinepineʻia i loko o ka cathode a me nā mea hana colorstence me nā hana hana no ka x-ray. ʻO ka hafnium maʻemaʻe kahi mea nui i loko o kaʻoihana Agoic ikepili ma muli o kāna mea hoʻonaninani ma muli o kona mau mea hoʻonaninani, maʻalahi ke kauʻana, a me ke kū'ēʻana i keʻano kiʻekiʻe. Ua loaʻa iā Hafnium i kahi'āpana o ka nerron nerron neutront cast Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻiaʻo hafnium Hiki ke hanaʻia ka cathode o X-ray Tubes i kaʻoihana uila. Hiki i ka hafnium alloy e lawelawe e like me ka papa pale pale no ka black nozzles Hoʻohanaʻiaʻo Hafnium ma keʻano he hoʻohui hoʻohui ma nā allowys wela, e like me nā mea he wahine, molybdelum, a me ka tantlalum. Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻiaʻo HFC e like me ka hoʻohuiʻana no nā alloys paʻakikī ma muli o kona paʻakikī paʻakikī a me keʻano o keʻano. ʻO keʻano o ka menting o 4tachfc ma kahi kokoke i ka 4215 ℃, e hana ana ia i ka hoʻohui me ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa iʻikeʻia. Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻiaʻo Hafnium i kahi mea pāʻani ma nā'ōnaehana inflation he nui. Hiki i nā mea pāʻani hafnium ke wehe i nāʻano ponoʻole e like me ka oxygen a me nā nitrogen i kēia manawa ma ka'ōnaehana. Hoʻohana pinepineʻiaʻo Hafnium i ka hoʻohuiʻana i ka aila hydraous e pale ai i ka aila o hydraulini i ka hana o Hydraulinic i ka wā o nāʻano kiʻekiʻe. No laila, ua hoʻohana maʻamau ia ma kaʻaila hydraulic. ʻAila hydraulic.
Hoʻohanaʻiaʻo Hafnium i nā mea hou aku i ka Intl hou 45 Nanoprocesser. Ma muli o ka hana hanaʻana o ka silicon dioxide dioxide (sio2) a me kona hiki ke hōʻemi i ka mānoanoa e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā mea loea. Ke hoʻokomoʻia neiʻo Untl i ka hana hana 65ʻo Naneteral e hana i nā hana a pau e hōʻemi ai i ka nui o ka mana o ka manikini. No laila, hoʻomau ka poʻe hana i kēia mau huahana a ua hōʻemi'ē aʻe ka mānoanoa, ua hoʻonui nuiʻia ka leka o ka puka kīwī nui aʻe, e lawe ana i kaʻenehana transptere i kona mau palena. E hoʻonohonoho i kēia pilikia koʻikoʻi, ke hoʻolālā neiʻo Intel e hoʻohana i nā mea kiʻekiʻe o nā mea kūʻai aku ma mua o nā hale o Silikona ma mua o 10 mau manawa. Hoʻohālikelike i ka lehulehu o ka mua o 65NM ma kaʻenehana 75nm,ʻo ka hana 45NM e hoʻonui nei i ka nui o nā mea kūʻai aku ma hope o ka nui o nā mea kūʻai aku. Eia kekahi,ʻo ka mana no nā mea i pono no transistore hoʻololi haʻahaʻa loa, hoʻohaʻahaʻa ka mana mana ma kahi kokoke i 30%. Ua hanaʻia nā pilina o loko kūpono i ka leʻaʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke keiki
Mineral Expirition:
He nui nā haule iʻoi aku kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi ma mua o nā mekala no bismomema,ʻo Cadmium keʻano, a me MercuInuna. ʻO nā mineralis āpau e loaʻa iā ZircoCium i kahi hafnium. Hoʻohanaʻiaʻo Zircon i kaʻoihana ma kahi o 0.5-2% Hafnium. ʻO ka Beryllium Zirccon (Alvite) i loko o ka Zirconium Zirconium Ore i hiki i ka 15% Hafnium. Aia kekahiʻanoʻano metamorphic zircon, cyrtolite, ma luna o 5% hfo. ʻO nā mea nona nā mea hope loaʻelua mau minukeʻelua aʻaʻole i hāpaiʻia i kaʻoihana. Ua hoʻihoʻi nuiʻo Hafnium i ka wā o ka hanaʻana o Zirconium.
Aia ia ma ka hapa nui o ka zirconium [Listen] 18 No ka mea, he wahi liʻiliʻi loa ma ka'auahi. ʻO nā colokes pinepine me ka zircium aʻaʻohe meaʻokoʻaʻole.
Nā Kūlana Kūʻai:
1. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻomākaukauʻia e ka Magnerium i hōʻemiʻia o Hafnium Tetrachloside a iʻole ka leka uila o Hafnium. HFCL4 a me K2hff6 hiki ke hoʻohana pūʻia e like me nā mea e pono ai. ʻO ke kaʻina o ka hana uila ma Nacl Kcl Hfcl4 a iʻole K2hff6 e like me ka hana Electrolytic o Zirconium.
2.ʻO Hafnium Coffits me Zirnimuum, aʻaʻohe wahiʻokoʻa'ē aʻe no ka hafnium. ʻO ka mea hanaʻino no ka hanaʻana i ka hafnium he mea i hoʻokaʻawaleʻiaʻo ia i ka wā i hoʻokaʻawaleʻia ai ke kaʻina hana o ka zirconium. E kiʻi i ka hafnium o ka hoʻokele me ka hoʻohanaʻana i loko o ka mālamaʻana i ka resin, a laila hoʻohana i keʻano like me ka zuge e hoʻomākaukau ai i ka hafnium mai kēia hafnium mai kēia hafnium
3
ʻO nā ala mua no ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana iā Zirconium a me Hafnium i ka crystallization o nā slurorinalization fluor ʻO kēia mauʻano hana he clamersome e hana a hoʻopauʻia i ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka hana. ʻO nāʻenehana hou no ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i ka zirconium a me hafnium, e like me ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana, a me ka hoʻonuiʻiaʻana i kahi mea hou aku ma hope o kekahi. ʻO nā'ōnaehana maʻamau maʻamau i hoʻohanaʻia i nā'ōnaehana o ka triocyanate cyclothexanone a me ka'ōnaehana phosphatel phosphate nitric acid. Hiki ke loaʻa nā huahana i nā hana i luna aʻe nei he hafnium Hiki ke loaʻa i ka lāʻau maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe e ke ala hoʻololi i loko o ka hoʻololiʻana o keʻano.
I kaʻoihana, ka hana i ka hana a metala nui pinepine e pili i ke kaʻina corol a me ka papa hana heke Akerto. ʻO ke kaʻina Klorl e pili ana i ka hōʻemi o ka hafnium terachlordide e hoʻohana ana i ka magnesium metallic:
2mg + hfclic4- → 2mgLl2 + HF
Ka Palapala Hana Aper Apery,ʻikeʻiaʻo ia e like me keʻano o ka inoa inoa, hoʻohanaʻia e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka sty e like me ka hafnium
5
ʻO ka hana muaʻo ia ka decomposition o ka oe, e pili ana i nā alaʻekolu: chlor o zarcon e loaʻa (zr) cl. Alkali entering o zircon. ʻO Zircon Meʻa me Naoh ma kahi o 600, a ma luna o 90% o (Zr, e hoʻololiʻia i ka wai no ka laweʻana. Na (Zr, HF) o hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia e like me ka hopena kumu no ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i ka zircocium a me ka hafnium ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻuʻiaʻana i ka hno. Eia nō naʻe,ʻo ke alo o nā cio coo colloids e hoʻolōʻihi i ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana. SINTER me KSIF a me SOAK i ka wai e loaʻa ai k (Zr, hf) f s hopena. Hiki i ka hoʻonā ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka zirnimuum a me hafnium ma o ka countsstallikation fretical;
ʻO ka papaʻelua ka hoʻokaʻawaleʻana o Zirnium a me Hafnium, hiki ke loaʻa i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nāʻano hana hoʻoneʻe ʻO kaʻenehana o ka hapa nui o ka papa hana maʻamau e hoʻohana ana i kaʻokoʻa ma waena o ka Sint Sint ma lalo o ke kaʻina o ke kālā Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka pilikia o ka'ōpū o (zr, hf) cl a me Hcl,ʻaʻole maʻalahi ia e loaʻa i ke kumukūʻai kūpono o Zrcl a me Hfcl, ka hoʻonuiʻana i nā uku lāʻau nu. I ka 3070, ua noho nō ia ma ka papa kuhikuhi o waena o ka ma ke kahakaha o ka manawa waena o waena o waena o waena o waena o waena;
ʻO ke kolu o ke koluʻo ka chlorinary curcination o HFO e kiʻi i ka FRUTUD HFCC no ka hōʻemi;
ʻO ka paeʻehā ka hoʻomaʻemaʻeʻana o HFCL a me Magnesium Final. ʻO kēia kaʻina hana e like me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka hōʻemi o Zrcl, a me ka huahana SEMI-pau i hoʻopauʻiaʻo SEME
ʻO ka papaʻelimaʻo ia ka hakahaka i hoʻokaʻawale i ka hafnium shudge hafnium e wehe i ka mgcl a hoʻihoʻi i ka nui magnium, e hopena ana i kahi huahana Breange me nā huahana Sponnge. Inā hoʻohana ka mea hoʻemi hōʻemi i ka sodium ma mua o ka magnesium, pono e hoʻololiʻia ka limaʻelima i ka wai nui
KA MEA:
Kūʻai aku ma kahi hale kūʻai maikaʻi a me ka hale kūʻai. E mālama i nā kiʻi a me nā kumu wela. Pono e mālamaʻia ia mai nā poʻe a nāxidants, nā maʻi, nā mea kanu, etc., a pale aku i ka hoʻopiliʻana i ka mālamaʻana. Ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka hoʻololiʻana i ka hoʻololiʻana a me nā hale kūʻai kūloko. E pāpā i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā mea hana mechanical a me nā mea hana eʻikeʻia ai nā mea eʻike ai. Pono ka wahi mālama i lako ponoʻia me nā mea kūpono e loaʻa ai nā mea i loaʻa.
Post Times: Sep-25-2023