Nanometer rare earth material, he mea ikaika hou i ka hooulu hana

Nanometer rare earth material, he mea ikaika hou i ka hooulu hana

ʻO ka Nanotechnology kahi kahua interdisciplinary hou i hoʻomohala mālie i ka hopena o 1980s a me ka 1990s mua. Ma muli o kona hiki ke hana i nā kaʻina hana hou, nā mea hou a me nā huahana hou, e hoʻomaka ia i kahi hoʻololi ʻoihana hou i ke kenekulia hou. ʻO ka pae hoʻomohala o kēia manawa o ka nanoscience a me ka nanotechnology ua like ia me ka ʻenehana kamepiula a me ka ʻike ma 1950s. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe ʻepekema i kūpaʻa i kēia kahua e wānana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka nanotechnology e loaʻa ka hopena ākea a lōʻihi i nā ʻano he nui o ka ʻenehana. Manaʻo ka poʻe ʻepekema he mau waiwai ʻē aʻe a me nā hana kūʻokoʻa, ʻO nā hopena paʻa nui e alakaʻi i nā waiwai ʻē aʻe o nā mea nano rare earth nā hopena kikoʻī, ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ka hopena interface, ka hopena transparency, ka hopena tunnel a me ka hopena quantum macroscopic. Hoʻololi kēia mau hopena i nā waiwai kino o ka ʻōnaehana nano mai nā mea maʻamau i ka mālamalama, ka uila, ka wela a me ka magnetism, a ke hōʻike nei i nā hiʻohiʻona hou he nui. nā nanomaterials me ka hana maikaʻi loa; Hoʻolālā a hoʻomākaukau i nā mea hana nano like ʻole; Ka ʻike ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i nā waiwai o nā ʻāpana nano. I kēia manawa, loaʻa ka nano rare earth i nā kuhikuhi noi aʻe, a pono e hoʻomohala hou ʻia kāna noi i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

Nanomeka lanthanum oxide (La2O3)

Hoʻohana ʻia ka nanometer lanthanum oxide i nā mea piezoelectric, nā mea electrothermal, nā mea thermoelectric, nā mea magnetoresistance, nā mea luminescent (ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula), nā mea mālama hydrogen, nā aniani optical, nā mea laser, nā mea ala like ʻole, nā catalysts no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā huahana kemika, a me nā catalysts no ka neutralizing. Hoʻohana ʻia nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni mahiʻai i ka nanometer lanthanum oxide.

Nanomeka cerium oxide (CeO2)

ʻO nā hoʻohana nui o ka nano cerium oxide penei: 1. Ma ke ʻano he aniani hoʻohui, hiki i ka nano cerium oxide ke komo i nā kukuna ultraviolet a me nā kukuna infrared, a ua hoʻohana ʻia i ke aniani kaʻa. ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke pale wale i nā kukuna ultraviolet, akā e hoʻemi hoʻi i ka mahana i loko o ke kaʻa, pēlā e mālama ai i ka uila no ka ea. 2. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nano cerium oxide i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe kaʻa kaʻa hiki ke pale pono i ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ke kinoea kaʻa i ka lewa.3. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka Nano-cerium oxide i loko o ka puaʻa e kala i nā plastics, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka uhi ʻana, ka inika a me nā ʻoihana pepa. 4. Uaʻike nuiʻia ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka nano cerium oxide i nā mea polishing ma keʻano he koi kiʻekiʻe no ka hoʻonaniʻana i nā wafers silicon a me nā sapphire single crystal substrates.5. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka nano cerium oxide i nā mea mālama hydrogen, thermoelectric material, nano cerium oxide tungsten electrodes, ceramic capacitors, piezoelectric ceramics, nano cerium oxide silicon carbide abrasives, wahie cell raw material, gasoline catalysts, kekahi mau mea magnetic mau. nā mea hao like ʻole a me nā metala non-ferrous, etc.

ʻO ka nanometer praseodymium oxide (Pr6O11)

ʻO nā hoʻohana nui o nanometer praseodymium oxide penei: 1. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā seramika a me nā seramika hoʻohana i kēlā me kēia lā. Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia me ka ceramic glaze e hana i ke kala kala, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka underglaze pigment wale nō. ʻO ka puaʻa i hoʻomākaukauʻia he melemele māmā me ka leo maʻemaʻe a nani. 2. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e hana i nā magnet mau loa a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻano uila uila a me nā kaʻa. 3. Hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka petroleum catalytic cracking. Hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka hana, ka koho a me ke kūpaʻa o ka catalysis. 4. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka Nano-praseodymium oxide no ka hoʻoliʻiliʻi abrasive. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka noi ʻana o nanometer praseodymium oxide i ke kahua o ka fiber optical.

Nanomeka neodymium oxide (Nd2O3)

Ua lilo ʻo Nanometer neodymium oxide i wahi wela ma ka mākeke no nā makahiki he nui ma muli o kona kūlana kūʻokoʻa ma ke kahua o nā honua ʻokoʻa. Hoʻopili pū ʻia ka Nano-neodymium oxide i nā mea non-ferrous. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka 1.5% ~ 2.5% nano neodymium oxide i loko o ka magnesium a i ʻole ka alumini alumini hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana wela kiʻekiʻe, ka paʻa ʻana o ka ea a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ka pā, a hoʻohana nui ʻia e like me ka aerospace. mea no ka mokulele. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka nano yttrium alumini garnet doped me ka nano neodymium oxide e hoʻopuka i ka kukuna laser pōkole, i hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka wili a me ka ʻoki ʻana i nā mea lahilahi me ka mānoanoa ma lalo o 10mm i ka ʻoihana. Ma ka ʻaoʻao lapaʻau, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Nano-YAG laser doped me nano-Nd _ 2O _ 3 no ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻeha hōʻeha a i ʻole nā ​​​​hōʻeha disinfect ma kahi o nā pahi ʻoki. Hoʻohana pū ʻia ʻo Nanometer neodymium oxide no ke kala kala a me nā mea seramika, nā huahana a me nā mea hoʻohui.

ʻO nā nanoparticles oxide Samarium (Sm2O3)

ʻO ka hoʻohana nui o ka nano-sized samarium oxide he: nano-sized samarium oxide he māmā melemele, i hoʻopili ʻia i nā capacitors ceramic a me nā catalysts. Eia kekahi, nano-sized samarium oxide i nukelea waiwai, a hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia e like me structural mea, pale mea a me ka mana o ka atomic ikehu reactor, no laila, i ka ikehu nui i hanaia e nukelea fission hiki ke hoʻohana maluhia. ʻO ka Europium oxide nanoparticles (Eu2O3) ka hapa nui i hoʻohana ʻia i ka phosphors.Eu3 + i hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka mea hoʻoulu o ka phosphor ʻulaʻula, a ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Eu2 + e like me ka phosphor polū. Y0O3: ʻO Eu3 + ka phosphor maikaʻi loa i ka pono luminous, ke kūpaʻa o ka uhi ʻana, ke kumukūʻai hoʻihoʻi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a ke hoʻohana nui ʻia nei ma muli o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka pono kukui a me ke ʻano like. I kēia mau lā, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka nano europium oxide e like me ka stimulated emission phosphor no ka X-ray medical diagnostic system.Nano-europium oxide hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā lens kala a me nā kānana optical, no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe magnetic, a hiki ke hōʻike i kāna mau talena i loko. nā mea hoʻomalu, nā mea pale a me nā mea hana o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe atomika. Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka gadolinium europium oxide maikaʻi (Y2O3:Eu3+) ʻulaʻula phosphor ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nano yttrium oxide (Y2O3) a me ka nano europium oxide (Eu2O3) i mea maka. I ka hoʻohana ʻana iā ia no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka phosphor tricolor phosphor, ua ʻike ʻia: (a) hiki ke hui maikaʻi ʻia me ka pauda ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka pauda uliuli; (b) Hana maikaʻi i ka uhi ʻana; (c) Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka nui o ka pauka ʻulaʻula, piʻi ka ʻāpana kikoʻī a piʻi ka nui o nā ʻāpana luminescent, hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o ka pauka ʻulaʻula i loko o ka honua phosphors tricolor, e hopena i ka uku haʻahaʻa.

ʻO nā nanoparticles Gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3)

ʻO kāna mau hoʻohana nui e like me kēia: 1. Hiki i kāna mea hoʻoheheʻe wai-soluble paramagnetic complex ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hōʻailona kiʻi NMR o ke kino kanaka i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. 2. Hiki ke ho'ohana 'ia ke kumu sulfur oxide e like me ka mākia matrix o ka paipu oscilloscope a me ka pale X-ray me ka 'ōlinolino kūikawā. 3. ʻO ka Nano-gadolinium oxide i loko o ka nano-gadolinium gallium garnet he substrate hoʻokahi kūpono no ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka ʻumeke. 4. Inā ʻaʻohe palena pōʻai Camot, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe magnetic paʻa. 5. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he mea paʻa e hoʻomalu i ka pae hopena o ke kaulahao o nā mea kanu nuklea e hōʻoia i ka palekana o nā hopena nuklea. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nano-gadolinium oxide a me ka nano-lanthanum oxide he mea kōkua ia e hoʻololi i ka ʻāina vitrification a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa wela o ke aniani. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka nano gadolinium oxide no ka hana ʻana i nā capacitors a me nā pale X-ray intensifying screens. I kēia manawa, ke hoʻoikaika nui nei ka honua e hoʻomohala i ka noi ʻana o ka nano-gadolinium oxide a me kāna mau alloys i ka refrigeration magnetic, a ua holomua ka holomua.

Nā nanoparticles Terbium oxide (Tb4O7)

ʻO nā kahua noi nui penei: 1. Hoʻohana ʻia nā Phosphors e like me nā mea hoʻoulu o ka pauka ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā phosphors tricolor, e like me ka phosphate matrix i hoʻāla ʻia e ka nano terbium oxide, silicate matrix i hoʻāla ʻia e ka nano terbium oxide a me ka nano cerium oxide magnesium aluminate matrix i hoʻāla ʻia e nano terbium. oxide, nā mea a pau e hoʻopuka ana i nā kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ke ʻano hauʻoli. 2. Nā mea mālama mālama Magneto-optical, I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua noiʻi ʻia a hoʻomohala ʻia nā mea nano-terbium oxide magneto-optical. Hoʻohana ʻia ka disk magneto-optical i hana ʻia me ka kiʻi ʻoniʻoni amorphous Tb-Fe ma ke ʻano he mea mālama kamepiula, a hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka mālama ʻana e 10 ~ 15 mau manawa. 3. Magneto-optical aniani, Faraday optically ʻeleu aniani i loaʻa nanometer terbium oxide, he kī mea no ka hana rotators, isolators, annulators a hoʻohana nui 'ia i ka laser technology.Nanometer terbium oxide nanometer dysprosium oxide ua hoʻohana nui 'ia i ka sonar, a ua nui loa. hoʻohana ʻia ma nā ʻano he nui, e like me ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe wahie, ka mana valve wai, micro-positioning, mechanical actuator, mechanical and wing regulator of aircraft space telescope.

Nano Dysprosium oxide Dy2O3

ʻO nā hoʻohana nui o Dy2O3 nano dysprosium oxide:1. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Nano-dysprosium oxide e like me ka mea hoʻoulu o ka phosphor, a ʻo ka trivalent nano-dysprosium oxide he mea hoʻohiki hoʻōla i ka ion o nā mea luminescent tricolor me kahi kikowaena luminescent hoʻokahi. Loaʻa ka nui o ʻelua mau ʻāpana hoʻokuʻu, hoʻokahi ka hoʻokuʻu kukui melemele, ʻo ka mea ʻē aʻe he kukui polū, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea luminescent doped me ka nano-dysprosium oxide e like me tricolor phosphors.2. ʻO ka nanometer dysprosium oxide he mea pono metala maka no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka alloy Terfenol me ka nui magnetostrictive alloy nano-terbium oxide a me ka nano-dysprosium oxide, hiki ke hoʻomaopopo i kekahi mau hana pololei o ka neʻe mechanical. 3. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka metala dysprosium oxide nanometer e like me ka mea mālama magneto-optical me ka wikiwiki hoʻopaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ka naʻau heluhelu. 4. Hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ke kukui nanometer dysprosium oxide. ʻO ka mea hana i hoʻohana ʻia i ke kukui nano dysprosium oxide he nano dysprosium oxide, nona nā pono o ka ʻōlinolino kiʻekiʻe, ka waihoʻoluʻu maikaʻi, ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kala wela, ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a me ka paʻa arc. hoʻohana ʻia i kumu kukui no ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni a paʻi. 5. Hoʻohana ʻia ka nanometer dysprosium oxide no ke ana ʻana i ka spectrum ikehu neutron a i ʻole ma ke ʻano he neutron absorber i ka ʻoihana ikehu atomic no ka nui o kāna neutron hopu cross-sectional wahi.

Ho2O3 Nanometer

ʻO nā hoʻohana nui o ka nano-holmium oxide penei: 1. Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui o ke kukui halogen metala, ʻo ke kukui halogen metala ke ʻano o ke kukui hoʻokuʻu kinoea, i hoʻomohala ʻia ma ke kumu o ke kukui mercury kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo kona ʻano. e hoʻopiha ʻia ka puʻupuʻu i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka honua halida. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā iodides honua, e hoʻokuʻu ana i nā laina spectral like ʻole i ka wā e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ai ke kinoea. hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka pono radiation. 2. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka nanometer holmium oxide i mea hoʻohui i ka hao yttrium a i ʻole yttrium alumini garnet; 3. Hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia ka Nano-holmium oxide e like me ka yttrium hao alumini garnet (Ho:YAG), hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i ka laser 2μm, a he kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ka absorption o ke kino kanaka i ka laser 2μm. Ua aneane ʻekolu kauoha o ka nui ma mua o Hd: YAG0. No laila, i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka laser Ho:YAG no ka hana lapaʻau, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi wale i ka maikaʻi o ka hana a me ka pololei, akā e hōʻemi pū i ka wahi pōʻino wela i kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Hiki i ka pahu manuahi i hana ʻia e ka nano holmium oxide crystal ke hoʻopau i ka momona me ka ʻole o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka wela nui, a laila e hōʻemi i ka pōʻino wela i hana ʻia e nā ʻiʻo olakino. ʻokiʻoki. 4. I loko o ka magnetostrictive alloy Terfenol-D, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia kahi mea liʻiliʻi o ka nano-sized holmium oxide e hōʻemi i ka māla waho e pono ai no ka saturation magnetization o ka alloy.5. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka fiber optical doped me ka nano-holmium oxide e hana i nā mea kamaʻilio optical e like me ka optical fiber lasers, optical fiber amplifier, optical fiber sensors, etc.

Nano Erbium(III) oxide

ʻO nā mea hoʻohana nui:

1. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu māmā o nanometer Erbium (III) oxide ma 1550nm he mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi, no ka mea, ʻo kēia hawewe i ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka nalowale o ka fiber optical o ke kamaʻilio Fiber-optic. Ma hope o ka hauʻoli ʻana e ka mālamalama ma 980nm a me 1480nm, nanometer Erbium(III) oxide ion transitions mai ka ʻāina ʻāina 4115/2 i ka mokuʻāina kiʻekiʻe 4113/2. Ke hoʻi hou ka Er3+ i ka mokuʻāina kiʻekiʻe i ka ʻāina, e hoʻokuʻu i ka mālamalama o 1550nm nalu lōʻihi. Hiki i ka quartz fiber ke hoʻouna i nā kukui o nā nalu like ʻole, akā naʻe, ʻokoʻa nā ʻano o ka attenuation optical, me ka 1550nm frequency band i loaʻa ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka optical attenuation rate (0.15 decibels no ka kilomika) i ka quartz fiber transmission, kahi kokoke i ka palena haʻahaʻa attenuation rate. No laila, ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kamaʻilio fiber optic e like me ke kukui hōʻailona ma 1550nm, hoʻemi ʻia ka nalowale o ka māmā. Ma kēia ala, inā hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻike kūpono o ka nano Erbium (III) oxide i loko o ka matrix kūpono, hiki i ka amplifier ke uku i ka nalowale o ka ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio e like me ke kumu laser. No laila, i loko o ka pūnaewele kelepona e pono ai e hoʻonui i ka hōʻailona optical 1550nm, nano Erbium (III) oxide doped fiber amplifier he mea pono pono loa. I kēia manawa, ua kūʻai ʻia ka nano Erbium(III) oxide doped silica fiber amplifier. Ua hōʻike ʻia i mea e pale aku ai i ka absorption pono ʻole, ʻo ka nui doping o nano Erbium(III) oxide i loko o ka fiber he ʻumi a hiki i nā haneli ppm. ʻO ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki o ka kamaʻilio fiber optical e wehe i kahi kahua noi hou o nano Erbium (III) oxide.

2. ʻO ka pahu aniani laser doped me ka nanometer Erbium (III) oxide a me kāna laser 1730nm a me 1550nm laser output ka palekana no nā maka kanaka, loaʻa ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka lewa, loaʻa i ka hiki ke komo i ka uahi i ke kahua kaua, ka hūnā maikaʻi, ʻaʻole maʻalahi. ʻike ʻia e ka ʻenemi, a loaʻa ka ʻokoʻa nui i ka wā e hoʻomālamalama ana i nā pahu kaua. Ua hana ʻia kahi kikowaena Laser portable no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pūʻali koa, kahi palekana no nā maka kanaka.

3. Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka Nanometer Erbium(III) oxide i loko o ke aniani e hana ai i nā mea laser aniani honua, ʻo ia ka mea laser paʻa me ka ikehu pulse puka nui loa a me ka mana puka kiʻekiʻe loa i kēia manawa.

4. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka Nanometer Erbium(III) oxide e like me ka hoʻāla ʻana o nā mea laser hoʻololi i ka honua.

5. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka Nanometer Erbium(III) oxide i ka decolorization a me ke kala ʻana o ka aniani a me ke aniani crystalline.

Nanomeka yttrium oxide (Y2O3)

ʻO ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o ka nano yttrium oxide penei: 1. ʻO nā mea hoʻohui no ke kila a me nā mea hao ʻole. Loaʻa i ka FeCr alloy ka 0.5% ~ 4% nano yttrium oxide, hiki ke hoʻonui i ke kūpaʻa o ka oxidation a me ka ductility o kēia mau kila kila Ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka nui kūpono o ka honua i hoʻohui ʻia i waiwai nui i ka nanometer yttrium oxide i loko o ka alloy MB26, ʻike ʻia nā waiwai piha o ka alloy. i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia i nehinei, Hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi i kekahi mau alumini alumini a ikaika no nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka mokulele; ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi mea liʻiliʻi o ka nano yttrium oxide rare earth i loko o Al-Zr alloy hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka conductivity o ka alloy; Ua lawe ʻia ka alloy e ka hapa nui o nā ʻoihana uea ma Kina. Hoʻohui ʻia ka Nano-yttrium oxide i loko o ke keleawe keleawe e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka conductivity a me ka ikaika mechanical. 2. Silicon nitride ceramic mea i loaʻa i ka 6% nano yttrium oxide a me 2% alumini. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻomohala i nā ʻāpana mīkini. 3. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, ka ʻoki ʻana, ka welding a me nā hana ʻenehana ʻē aʻe ma nā ʻāpana nui me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nano neodymium oxide alumina garnet laser beam me ka mana o 400 watts. 4. Ka electron microscope pale haku mele Y-Al garnet hoʻokahi aniani i kiʻekiʻe fluorescence olinolino, haʻahaʻa absorption o ka hoopuehu malamalama, a me ka maikai kiʻekiʻe wela kū'ē a me mechanical aahu resistance.5. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka nano yttrium oxide kiʻekiʻe me 90% nano gadolinium oxide i ka mokulele a me nā manawa ʻē aʻe e koi ana i ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka helu heheʻe kiʻekiʻe. 6. He mea ko'iko'i loa ia no ka hana 'ana i nā mea ho'ohehe'e wahie, nā pūnaewele electrolytic a me nā 'ike kinoea e koi ana i ka solubility ki'eki'e o ka hydrogen. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana pū ʻia ka Nano-yttrium oxide e like me ke kiʻekiʻe-mehana hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā mea kūʻokoʻa, diluent o ka wahie atomic reactor, hoʻohui i nā mea magnet mau loa a me ka getter i ka ʻoihana uila.

Ma waho aʻe o ka mea i luna, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā nano rare earth oxides i nā mea lole no ka mālama olakino kanaka a me ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni. Mai nā ʻāpana noiʻi o kēia manawa, loaʻa iā lākou kekahi mau kuhikuhi: anti-ultraviolet radiation; ʻO ka hoʻohaumia ʻana o ka ea a me ka radiation ultraviolet e pili ana i nā maʻi ʻili a me nā maʻi maʻi ʻili; ʻO ka pale ʻana i ka haumia he mea paʻakikī i nā mea haumia ke pili i nā lole; Ke aʻo ʻia nei hoʻi ma ke ʻano o ka mālama anti-warm. Hiki ke hoʻopalupalu ʻia ka ʻili ma ka bleaching me ka nano rare earth cerium oxide, ʻaʻole maʻalahi i ka makahiki a me ka maʻi, a ʻoluʻolu ke ʻaʻahu. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ʻo nā mea nano-coating ka mea nui o ka noiʻi nano-materials, a ʻo ka noiʻi nui e pili ana i nā uhi hana. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Y2O3 me 80nm ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e like me ka infrared shielding coating. Loaʻa iā CeO2 ka helu refractive kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe. Ke hoʻohui ʻia ka nano rare earth yttrium oxide, nano lanthanum oxide a me ka nano cerium oxide pauda i ka uhi ʻana, hiki i ka pā o waho ke pale aku i ka ʻelemakule, no ka mea, maʻalahi ka ʻelemakule a hāʻule ka pale o waho no ka mea ua ʻike ʻia ka pena i ka lā a me nā kukui ultraviolet. no ka manawa lōʻihi, a hiki iā ia ke pale aku i nā kukuna ultraviolet ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka cerium oxide a me ka yttrium oxide. Eia kekahi, he liʻiliʻi loa kona ʻāpana, a hoʻohana ʻia ka nano cerium oxide e like me ka absorber ultraviolet, i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohana ʻia no ka pale ʻana i ka ʻelemakule o nā huahana plastik ma muli o ka ultraviolet irradiation, nā pahu, nā kaʻa, nā moku, nā pahu mālama aila, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ka mea hiki ke pale maikaʻi loa i waho o nā palapala hoʻolaha nui a pale i ka maʻi, ka makū a me ka pollution no nā uhi pā o loko. Ma muli o kona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka lepo e pili i ka paia. A hiki ke holoi ʻia me ka wai. He nui ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā nano rare earth oxides e noiʻi hou ʻia a hoʻomohala ʻia, a ke manaʻolana nei mākou e loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻoi aku ka nani o ka wā e hiki mai ana.