CeO2he mea nui o na mea honua laha ole. ʻO kaʻeleʻele honua laha ʻole ceriumLoaʻa iā ia kahi hoʻolālā uila waho kūʻokoʻa - 4f15d16s2. Hiki i kāna papa 4f kūikawā ke mālama pono a hoʻokuʻu i nā electrons, e hana ana nā ion cerium i ka +3 valence state a me +4 valence state. No laila, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lua oxygen i nā mea CeO2, a loaʻa iā lākou ka mana maikaʻi loa e mālama a hoʻokuʻu i ka oxygen. ʻO ka hoʻololi like ʻana o Ce (III) a me Ce (IV) e hāʻawi pū i nā mea CeO2 me nā mana catalytic oxidation-reduction. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea nui, nano CeO2, ma ke ʻano he ʻano hou o nā mea inorganic, ua loaʻa ka manaʻo ākea ma muli o kona kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kikoʻī kikoʻī kikoʻī, maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka oxygen a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka mana, oxygen ion conductivity, redox performance, a me ke kiʻekiʻe-mehana wikiwiki oxygen vacancy diffusion. hiki. Aia i kēia manawa ka nui o nā hōʻike noiʻi a me nā noi pili e hoʻohana ana i ka nano CeO2 ma ke ʻano he catalysts, catalyst carriers a additives, active components, and adsorbents.
1. Keʻano hoʻomākaukau no ka nanometercerium oxide
I kēia manawa, ʻo nā ʻano hoʻomākaukau maʻamau no ka nano ceria ka nui o ke ʻano kemika a me ke ʻano kino. E like me nā ʻano kemika like ʻole, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano kemika i ke ʻano o ka ua, ke ʻano hydrothermal, ke ʻano solvothermal, ke ʻano sol gel, ke ʻano microemulsion a me ke ʻano electrodeposition; ʻO ke ʻano kino ka nui o ke ʻano wili.
1.1 Keʻano wili
ʻO ke ʻano wili no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka nano ceria e hoʻohana maʻamau i ka wili ʻana i ke one, nona nā mea maikaʻi o ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, ke aloha kaiapuni, ka wikiwiki wikiwiki, a me ka hiki ke hana ikaika. ʻO ia ke ʻano hana koʻikoʻi i kēia manawa i ka ʻoihana nano ceria. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka nano cerium oxide polishing powder e hoʻohana maʻamau i ka hui ʻana o ka calcination a me ke one grinding, a ua hui pū ʻia nā mea maka o ka cerium based denitration catalysts no ka mālama mua ʻana a i ʻole mālama ʻia ma hope o ka calcination me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke one wili. Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka nui o ke one e wili ana i nā ʻāpana, hiki ke loaʻa ka nano ceria me D50 mai ka ʻumi a hiki i nā haneli nanometer ma o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana.
1.2 Ke ano o ka ua
ʻO ke ʻano o ka ua e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka pauka paʻa e ka ua, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, ka holoi ʻana, ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana, a me ka calcination o nā mea maka i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā solvents kūpono. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ke ʻano o ka ua i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka honua laha a me nā nanomaterial doped, me nā mea maikaʻi e like me ke kaʻina hana maʻalahi, ka hana kiʻekiʻe, a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa. He ʻano hana maʻamau ia no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka nano ceria a me kāna mau mea hoʻohui i ka ʻoihana. Hiki i kēia ʻano hana ke hoʻomākaukau i ka nano ceria me ka morphology like ʻole a me ka nui o ka ʻāpana ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka wela o ka ua, ka ʻike waiwai, ka waiwai pH, ka wikiwiki o ka ua, ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, ka template, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. a ʻo ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o nā microspheres nano ceria e hoʻomalu ʻia e nā ion citrate. ʻO kahi ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā ion cerium e OH - i hana ʻia mai ka hydrolysis o ka sodium citrate, a laila incubated a calcined e hoʻomākaukau i ka flake e like me nā microspheres nano ceria.
1.3 Nā ʻano hana hydrothermal a me solvothermal
ʻO kēia mauʻanoʻelua e pili ana i keʻano o ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i nā huahana ma ke kiʻekiʻe-mehana a me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ka hopena i ka mahana koʻikoʻi ma kahi pūnaewele pani. Inā he wai ka solvent, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ke ʻano hydrothermal. Ma ke ʻano like, i ka wā o ka solvent he mea hoʻoheheʻe organik, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ke ʻano solvothermal. ʻO nā ʻāpana nano synthesized he maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, hoʻopuehu maikaʻi a me nā ʻāpana like ʻole, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pauka nano me nā morphologies ʻokoʻa a i ʻole nā maka aniani kūikawā. E hoʻoheheʻe i ka cerium chloride i loko o ka wai hoʻoheheʻe, e hoʻoulu a hoʻohui i ka solution sodium hydroxide. E hana i ka hydrothermal ma 170 ℃ no 12 mau hola e hoʻomākaukau ai i nā nanorod cerium oxide me nā mokulele aniani (111) a me (110) i ʻike ʻia. Ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā ʻano hopena, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka hapa o (110) mau mokulele aniani i nā mokulele aniani i hōʻike ʻia, e hoʻonui hou i kā lākou hana catalytic. Hiki i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a me nā ligand ʻili ke hana i nā ʻāpana nano ceria me ka hydrophilicity kūikawā a i ʻole lipophilicity. No ka laʻana, hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā ion acetate i ka pae wai ke hoʻomākaukau i nā nanoparticles cerium oxide monodisperse hydrophilic i loko o ka wai. Ma ke koho ʻana i kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe non-polar a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka waika oleic ma ke ʻano he ligand i ka wā o ka hopena, hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā nanoparticles lipophilic ceria monodisperse i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe non-polar. (E nana i ke Kii 1)
Kiʻi 1 Monodisperse nano ceria poepoe a me nano ceria kookoo
1.4 Sol gel ala
ʻO ke ʻano sol gel kahi ala e hoʻohana ai i kekahi a i ʻole kekahi mau pūhui e like me nā precursors, e alakaʻi i nā hopena kemika e like me ka hydrolysis i loko o ka wai wai e hana i ka sol, a laila hana i ka gel ma hope o ka ʻelemakule, a hope maloʻo a calcines e hoʻomākaukau i nā pauka ultrafine. He kūpono kēia ʻano hana no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā nanomaterials composite multi-component multi-component, e like me ka cerium iron, cerium titanium, cerium zirconium a me nā nano oxides composite, i hōʻike ʻia ma nā hōʻike he nui.
1.5 Nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe
Ma kahi o nā ʻano i luna, aia pū kekahi ʻano micro lotion, microwave synthesis method, electrodeposition method, plasma flame combustion method, ion-exchange membrane electrolysis method a me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe. He koʻikoʻi nui kēia mau ʻano no ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nano ceria.
Hoʻohana i ka 2-nanometer cerium oxide i ka mālama wai
ʻO Cerium ka mea nui loa ma waena o nā mea ʻenekele honua, me nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa a me nā noi ākea. ʻO ka Nanometer ceria a me kāna mau composites ua hoihoi nui i ka nānā ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ma muli o ko lākou kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kikoʻī kikoʻī, ka hana catalytic kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻa o ke kūkulu ʻana.
2.1 Noi oNano Cerium Oxidei ka Waiwai ma ke ano Adsorption
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻoihana e like me ka ʻoihana uila, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka nui o ka wai ʻino i loko o nā mea haumia e like me nā ion metala kaumaha a me nā ion fluorine. ʻOiai ma ka ʻike ʻana, hiki ke hōʻeha nui i nā meaola wai a me ke kaiapuni o ke kanaka. ʻO nā ʻano hana maʻamau e pili ana i ka oxidation, flotation, reverse osmosis, adsorption, nanofiltration, biosorption, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā mea Nano CeO2 he kiʻekiʻe kikoʻī kikoʻī kikoʻī a me ka hana kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻili e like me adsorbents, a ua nui nā hōʻike e pili ana i ka synthesis o porous nano CeO2 a me kāna mau mea hoʻohui me nā morphologies like ʻole e adsorb a wehe i nā ion pōʻino mai ka wai.
Ua hōʻike ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana he ikaika adsorption ka nano ceria no F - i ka wai ma lalo o nā kūlana acidic nāwaliwali. I loko o kahi hoʻonā me ka manaʻo mua o F - o 100mg/L a me ka pH = 5-6, ka mana adsorption no F - he 23mg / g, a ʻo ka wehe ʻana o F - he 85.6%. Ma hope o ka hoʻouka ʻana ma luna o ka pōpō resin polyacrylic acid (ka nui o ka hoʻouka ʻana: 0.25g/g), hiki i ka hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia o F - hiki ke piʻi ma luna o 99% i ka wā e mālama ai i ka nui like o 100mg/L o F - ka hopena wai; I ka hana ʻana i 120 mau manawa i ka nui, ʻoi aku ma mua o 90% o F - hiki ke wehe ʻia. Ke hoʻohana ʻia e adsorb i ka phosphate a me ka iodate, hiki i ka hiki ke hiki i ka 100mg / g ma lalo o ke kūlana adsorption kūpono. Hiki ke hoʻohana hou ʻia ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia ma hope o ka desorption maʻalahi a me ka mālama ʻana i ka neutralization, nona nā pono waiwai kiʻekiʻe.
Nui nā haʻawina e pili ana i ka adsorption a me ka mālama ʻana i nā metala kaumaha ʻona e like me arsenic, chromium, cadmium, a me ke alakaʻi e hoʻohana ana i ka nano ceria a me kāna mau mea hana. ʻOkoʻa ka pH adsorption maikaʻi loa no nā ion metala kaumaha me nā mokuʻāina valence like ʻole. No ka laʻana, ʻo ke kūlana alkaline nāwaliwali me ka neutral bias loaʻa ka kūlana adsorption maikaʻi loa no As (III), aʻo ka kūlana adsorption maikaʻi loa no As (V) i loaʻa ma lalo o nā kūlana acidic nāwaliwali, kahi hiki ke hiki i ka mana adsorption ma luna o 110mg/g ma lalo o ʻelua. kūlana. ʻO ka holoʻokoʻa, hiki i ka synthesis optimized o nano ceria a me kāna mau mea composite ke hoʻokō i ka adsorption kiʻekiʻe a me ka neʻe ʻana o nā helu no nā ion metala kaumaha ma luna o kahi ākea pH ākea.
Ma ka lima ʻē aʻe, cerium oxide ma muli o nā nanomaterials loaʻa ka hana koʻikoʻi i ka adsorbing organics i ka wai ʻino, e like me ka ʻalani ʻakika, rhodamine B, Congo ʻulaʻula, etc. hiki i ka adsorption i ka wehe ʻana i nā mea hoʻonaninani kūlohelohe, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wehe ʻana i ka ʻulaʻula Congo, me ka mana adsorption o 942.7mg/g i 60 minuke.
2.2 Ka noi ʻana o ka nano ceria i ke kaʻina hana oxidation kiʻekiʻe
Manaʻo ʻia ke kaʻina hana oxidation kiʻekiʻe (AOPs no ka pōkole) e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻōnaehana mālama anhydrous. ʻO ke kaʻina hana oxidation kiʻekiʻe, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka ʻenehana hoʻoneʻe hohonu, ua ʻike ʻia e ka hana ʻana o ka hydroxyl radical (· OH), superoxide radical (· O2 -), singlet oxygen, etc. me ka ikaika oxidation hiki. Ma lalo o nā kūlana hopena o ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi, ka uila, ke kani, ka irradiation māmā, catalyst, a me nā mea'ē aʻe. oxidation, electrochemical oxidation, Fenton oxidation, etc. (e nānā i ke Kiʻi 2).
Kiʻi 2 Hoʻohui a me ka ʻenehana Hoʻohui o ke kaʻina oxidation kiʻekiʻe
Nano ceriaHe mea hoʻoheheʻe heterogeneous i hoʻohana mau ʻia i ke kaʻina hana hoʻokahe kiʻekiʻe. Ma muli o ka hoʻololi wikiwiki ʻana ma waena o Ce3 + a me Ce4 + a me ka hopena oxidation-reduction wikiwiki i lawe ʻia e ka oxygen absorption a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, ua loaʻa i ka nano ceria ka mana catalytic maikaʻi. Ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he catalyst promoter, hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi i ka mana catalytic a me ka paʻa. Ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo nano ceria a me kāna mau mea hoʻohui e like me nā catalysts, ʻokoʻa nā waiwai catalytic me ka morphology, ka nui o ka particle, a me nā mokulele aniani i hōʻike ʻia, ʻo ia nā mea nui e pili ana i kā lākou hana a me ka noi. Manaʻo nui ʻia ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻāpana a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻili kikoʻī, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pae hana e pili ana, a ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka catalytic. ʻO ka mana catalytic o ka ʻili aniani i hōʻike ʻia, mai ka ikaika a i ka nāwaliwali, aia ma ke ʻano o (100) ʻili aniani> (110) ʻili aniani> (111) ʻili aniani, a ʻo ke kūpaʻa e pili ana i ke ʻano.
He mea semiconductor ka Cerium oxide. Ke hoʻomālamalama ʻia ka nanometer cerium oxide e nā kiʻi me ka ikehu ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke kaʻe hui, ʻoliʻoli nā electron band valence, a hiki ke ʻano hoʻololi hou. E hāpai ana kēia ʻano i ka helu hoʻololi o Ce3+ a me Ce4+, ka hopena i ka hana photocatalytic ikaika o nano ceria. Hiki i ka Photocatalysis ke hoʻokō pololei i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o ka mea olaola me ka ʻole o ka pollution lua, no laila ʻo kāna noi ka ʻenehana i aʻo nui ʻia ma ke kahua o ka nano ceria ma AOPs. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka manaʻo nui e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka catalytic degradation o nā azo dyes, phenol, chlorobenzene, a me nā wai ʻōpala lāʻau me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā catalysts me nā morphologies like ʻole a me nā haku mele. Wahi a ka hōʻike, ma lalo o ke kaʻina hana catalyst synthesis a me nā kūlana hoʻohālike catalytic, hiki i ka hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kēia mau mea ma mua o 80%, a hiki i ka hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia o Total organic carbon (TOC) ma mua o 40%.
ʻO ka Nano cerium oxide catalysis no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā mea haumia kūlohelohe e like me ka ozone a me ka hydrogen peroxide kekahi ʻenehana i aʻo nui ʻia. E like me ka photocatalysis, ua kālele ʻo ia i ka hiki ke nano ceria me nā morphologies ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā mokulele aniani a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe catalytic composite like ʻole e hoʻoheheʻe a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā mea haumia organik. I loko o ia mau hopena, hiki i nā catalysts ke hoʻoulu i ka hana o ka nui o nā radical ikaika mai ka ozone a i ʻole hydrogen peroxide, ka mea e hoʻouka i nā mea haumia organik a loaʻa i ka hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka oxidative. Ma muli o ka hoʻokomo ʻana o nā oxidants i ka hopena, hoʻonui nui ʻia ka hiki ke wehe i nā pūhui organik. I ka nui o nā hopena, hiki i ka helu hoʻoneʻe hope loa o ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ke hiki a hoʻokokoke paha i ka 100%, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻoneʻe TOC.
Ma ke ʻano electrocatalytic advanced oxidation, ʻo nā waiwai o ka mea anode me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka oxygen evolution overpotential e hoʻoholo i ke koho ʻana o ke ʻano electrocatalytic advanced oxidation no ka mālama ʻana i nā mea haumia. ʻO ka mea cathode kahi mea nui e hoʻoholo ai i ka hana ʻana o H2O2, a ʻo ka hana ʻana o H2O2 e hoʻoholo i ka pono o ke ʻano electrocatalytic advanced oxidation no ka mālama ʻana i nā mea haumia. ʻO ke aʻo ʻana o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea electrode e hoʻohana ana i ka nano ceria ua loaʻa ka manaʻo ākea ma ka home a me ka honua. Hoʻokomo ka poʻe noiʻi i ka nano cerium oxide a me kāna mau mea hana ma o nā ʻano kemika like ʻole e hoʻololi i nā mea electrode like ʻole, hoʻomaikaʻi i kā lākou hana electrochemical, a laila hoʻonui i ka hana electrocatalytic a me ka helu hoʻopau hope.
ʻO ka microwave a me ka ultrasound nā mea kōkua nui no nā hiʻohiʻona catalytic i luna. ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ke kōkua kani ultrasonic ma ke ʻano he laʻana, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hawewe kani vibration me nā alapine i ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 25kHz i kēlā me kēia kekona, ua hana ʻia nā miliona o nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi loa i loko o kahi hopena i hoʻokumu ʻia me kahi mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe kūikawā. ʻO kēia mau ʻōhū liʻiliʻi, i ka wā o ka hoʻopiʻi wikiwiki ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana, hoʻopuka mau i ka implosion bubble, e ʻae ana i nā mea e hoʻololi koke a hoʻopuehu ma luna o ka catalyst surface, pinepine exponentially hoʻomaikaʻi catalytic efficiency.
3 Ka hopena
Hiki i ka Nano ceria a me kāna mau mea hoʻohuihui ke mālama pono i nā ion a me nā mea haumia i loko o ka wai, a loaʻa iā ia ka mana hoʻohana koʻikoʻi i nā māla mālama wai e hiki mai ana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka noiʻi ʻana aia nō i ka pae hoʻokolohua, a i mea e hiki ai ke hoʻokō wikiwiki i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wai i ka wā e hiki mai ana, pono e hoʻoponopono koke ʻia kēia mau pilikia:
(1) ʻO ke kumukūʻai hoʻomākaukau kiʻekiʻe o nanoCeO2ʻO nā mea i hoʻokumu ʻia he mea koʻikoʻi i ka hapa nui o kā lākou noi i ka mālama wai, aia nō i ka pae noiʻi keʻena. ʻO ka ʻimi ʻana i nā kumu hoʻomākaukau haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, maʻalahi a maikaʻi hoʻi e hiki ke hoʻoponopono i ka morphology a me ka nui o nā mea i hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo nano CeO2 ke kumu o ka noiʻi.
(2) Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o nā mea i hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo nano CeO2, ʻo ka hana hou ʻana a me ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana he mau mea koʻikoʻi hoʻi e kaupalena ana i kā lākou noi. ʻO ka hui ʻana o ia mea me nā mea resin a i ʻole nā mea magnetic e lilo i alakaʻi noiʻi koʻikoʻi no kāna hoʻomākaukau ʻana a me ka ʻenehana hana hou.
(3) ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi kaʻina hana hui ma waena o ka ʻenehana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai maʻamau a me ka ʻenehana lapaʻau kuʻuna maʻamau e hoʻoikaika nui i ka noi ʻana o ka ʻenehana catalytic material nano CeO2 ma ke kahua o ka mālama wai.
(4) Loaʻa ka noiʻi liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka ʻona o nā mea i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka nano CeO2, a ʻaʻole i hoʻoholo ʻia ko lākou ʻano kaiapuni a me nā hana ʻona i nā ʻōnaehana mālama wai. ʻO ke kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe maoli e pili pinepine ana i ka noho pū ʻana o nā mea haumia he nui, a e hui pū nā mea haumia e noho pū ana kekahi i kekahi, a laila e hoʻololi i nā hiʻohiʻona ili a me nā mea ʻona o nā nanomaterials. No laila, he mea koʻikoʻi e hoʻokō i nā noiʻi hou aʻe e pili ana i nā mea pili.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-22-2023