ʻEleʻele honua laha ʻole | yttrium (Y)

I ka makahiki 1788, ua loaʻa ʻo Karl Arrhenius, he luna Suedena i aʻo i ka chemistry a me mineralogy a hōʻiliʻili i nā ores, i loaʻa nā mineral ʻeleʻele me ke ʻano o ka asphalt a me ka lanahu ma ke kauhale o Ytterby ma waho o Stockholm Bay, i kapa ʻia ʻo Ytterbit e like me ka inoa kūloko.

I ka makahiki 1794, ua kālailai ʻo John Gadolin i kēia laʻana o Itebite. Ua ʻike ʻia ma kahi o nā oxides o beryllium, silicon, a me ka hao, ʻo ka oxide i loaʻa i ka 38% o nā mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia ua kapa ʻia ʻo "honua hou". I ka makahiki 1797, ua hoʻokūpaʻa ʻo Anders Gustaf Ekeberg ka mea kemika Suedena i kēia "honua hou" a kapa ʻia ʻo yttrium earth (ʻo ia hoʻi ka oxide o yttrium).

Yttriumhe metala i hoʻohana nui ʻia me nā hoʻohana nui.

(1) Nā mea hoʻohui no ke kila a me nā mea haoʻole. Loaʻa i nā alloys FeCr ka 0.5% a hiki i ka 4% yttrium, hiki ke hoʻonui i ke kūpaʻa oxidation a me ka ductility o kēia mau kila kila; Ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka nui kūpono o ka yttrium rich rare earth mixture i MB26 alloy, ua hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻia ka hana holoʻokoʻa o ka alloy, hiki ke hoʻololi i kekahi mau alumini alumini ikaika ikaika no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea lawe ukana mokulele; ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi ʻāpana liʻiliʻi o ka yttrium waiwai rare honua i ka Al Zr alloy hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka conductivity o ka alloy; Ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia huila e ka hapa nui o nā hale uea home; ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka yttrium i nā ʻāpana keleawe e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka conductivity a me ka ikaika mechanical.

(2) Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea seramika silikon nitride i loaʻa ka 6% yttrium a me 2% alumini no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻāpana ʻenekini.

(3) E hoʻohana i ka 400W neodymium yttrium aluminika garnet laser beam no ka hana ʻana i ka hana mechanical e like me ka wili, ʻokiʻoki, a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā mea nui.

(4) ʻO ka pale uila microscope fluorescent i haku ʻia me Y-A1 garnet one crystal wafers he kiʻekiʻe fluorescence kukui, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka mālamalama hoʻopuehu, kūʻē maikaʻi i ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka lole mechanical.

(5) Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana yttrium kiʻekiʻe i loaʻa i ka 90% yttrium i ka mokulele a me nā noi ʻē aʻe e pono ai ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka helu heheʻe kiʻekiʻe.

(6) I kēia manawa, yttrium doped SrZrO3 kiʻekiʻe-mehana proton alakaʻi mea ua ume nui noonoo, i mea nui koʻikoʻi i ka hana ʻana i nā wahie, electrolytic cell a me nā mea ʻike kinoea e koi ana i ke kiʻekiʻe hydrogen solubility. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo yttrium e like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela e hoʻopuʻi ana i nā mea, diluent o ka wahie reactor nuklea, hoʻohui mau mea hoʻohui a me ka getter i ka ʻoihana uila.

Yttrium metala He nui ka hoʻohana ʻana, me ka yttrium alumini garnet i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea laser, yttrium iron garnet i hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻenehana microwave a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ikehu kani, a me ka europium doped yttrium vanadate a me ka europium doped yttrium oxide i hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā phosphors no nā kīwī kala.