ʻO nā metala a me nā mea hoʻohui

ʻO nā metala honua laha ʻolehe mau mea waiwai nui no ka hana ana i na mea waihona hydrogen, NdFeB mau mea magneto mau, mea magnetostrictive, a pela aku. Akā ikaika loa kāna hana metala, a paʻakikī ke unuhi ʻia mai kāna mau pūhui me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ala maʻamau ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau. I ka hana ʻenehana, ʻo nā ʻano hana nui i hoʻohana ʻia he electrolysis paʻakai hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa wela e hana i nā metala honua laha ʻole mai nā chlorides honua, nā fluoride, a me nā oxides. ʻO ka electrolysis paʻakai hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke ʻano hana ʻoihana nui no ka hana ʻana i nā metala honua laha ʻole me nā wahi hoʻoheheʻe haʻahaʻa, a me ka hoʻokahi.metala lepo laha oleanā mea hoʻohui honua raree like melanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, aneodymium. Loaʻa iā ia nā hiʻohiʻona o ka nui hana nui, ʻaʻohe pono no ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā mea hana, hana mau, a me ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka maʻalahi.

ʻO ka hana ʻana ometala lepo laha olea hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia nā mea hoʻoheheʻe e ka paʻakai hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ʻelua ʻōnaehana paʻakai hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ʻo ia ka ʻōnaehana chloride a me ka ʻōnaehana fluoride oxide. He haʻahaʻa ka helu heheʻe ʻana o ka mea mua, nā kumu waiwai makaʻu ʻole, a me ka hana maʻalahi; Loaʻa i ka mea hope ka hoʻohui electrolyte paʻa, ʻaʻole maʻalahi e hoʻomoʻi i ka wai a me ka hydrolyze, a loaʻa nā hōʻailona ʻenehana electrolysis kiʻekiʻe. Ua hoʻololi mālie ia i ka mea mua a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana. ʻOiai he ʻokoʻa nā ʻano kaʻina hana o nā ʻōnaehana ʻelua, ua kūlike nā kānāwai theoretical o ka electrolysis.

No ke kaumahametala lepo laha oleme nā helu hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano distillation hoʻemi wela no ka hana ʻana. ʻO kēia ʻano hana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, hana intermittent, a me ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe, akā hiki ke loaʻa nā huahana maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe ma o ka distillation lehulehu. E like me nā ʻano o nā mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa, aia ke ʻano o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa wela calcium, ke ʻano hoʻohaʻahaʻa wela o ka lithium, ke ʻano hoʻohaʻahaʻa wela o ka lanthanum (cerium), ke ʻano hoʻohaʻahaʻa wela silika, ke ʻano hoʻohaʻahaʻa thermal carbon, etc.