ʻO ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka Mining Rare Earth Elements

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kumu: AZO Mining
He aha nā Rare Earth Elements a ma hea i loaʻa ai?
He 17 mau mea metala me 15 mau lanthanides ma ka papakau kau.
Lanthanum
Cerium
Praseodymium
Neodymium
Promethium
Samarium
Europium
ʻO Gadolinium
Terbium
ʻO Dysprosium
Holmium
ʻErbium
Thulium
Ytterbium
Utetium
Scandium
Yttrium
ʻAʻole like ka hapa nui o lākou e like me ka inoa o ka hui, akā ua kapa ʻia i nā kenekulia 18 a me 19, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea 'honua' ʻē aʻe e like me ka lime a me ka magnesia.
ʻO Cerium ka REE maʻamau a ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ke keleawe a i ʻole ke alakaʻi.
Eia nō naʻe, ma nā huaʻōlelo geological, ʻaʻole loaʻa nā REE i loko o nā waihona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e like me nā hili lanahu, no ka laʻana, he mea paʻakikī lākou i ka ʻoihana.
Loaʻa lākou ma nā ʻano pōhaku nui ʻehā; carbonatites, he mau pōhaku ʻeʻe maʻamau i loaʻa mai i ka magmas waiwai nui o ka carbonate, nā wahi hoʻoheheʻe alkaline, nā waihona pālolo e hoʻopaʻa i ka ion, a me nā waihona hoʻokomo o ka monazite-xenotime-bearer.
Hana ʻo Kina i ka 95% o nā mea ʻenehana Rare Earth e hoʻokō i ka koi no nā ʻano ola ʻenehana hi-tech a me ka ikehu hou.
Mai ka hopena o 1990s, ua hoʻomalu ʻo Kina i ka hana REE, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kāna mau waihona pālolo ion-absorption, i kapa ʻia ʻo 'South China Clays'.
Maikaʻi ka hana ʻana o Kina no ka mea he maʻalahi nā waihona pālolo e unuhi i nā REE mai ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā waikawa nāwaliwali.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano mea ʻokoʻa no nā ʻano mea ʻenehana hi-tech, me nā kamepiula, nā mea pāʻani DVD, nā kelepona kelepona, nā kukui, nā fiber optics, nā kamera a me nā mea ʻōlelo, a me nā mea kaua pū kekahi, e like me nā ʻenekini mokulele, nā ʻōnaehana alakaʻi missile, nā satelite, a me ka anti. - pale kaua missile.
ʻO ka pahuhopu o ka 2015 Paris Climate Agreement ʻo ia ke kaupalena ʻana i ka hoʻomehana honua ma lalo o 2˚C, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o 1.5˚C, nā pae mua o ka ʻoihana. Ua hoʻonui kēia i ka noi no ka ikehu hou a me nā kaʻa uila, kahi e koi ai i nā REE e hana.
I ka makahiki 2010, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Kina e hōʻemi ana i nā mea hoʻopuka REE e hoʻokō i kāna piʻi ponoʻī o ka noi, akā mālama pū kekahi i kona kūlana koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā lako hi-tech i ke koena o ka honua.
Aia nō hoʻi ʻo Kina i kahi kūlana hoʻokele waiwai ikaika e hoʻomalu i ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā REE e pono ai no nā ʻenehana hou e like me nā panela solar, makani, a me nā turbine mana o ke kai, a me nā kaʻa uila.
Phosphogypsum Fertilizer Rare Earth Elements Capture Project
ʻO ka Phosphogypsum kahi huahana o ka mea hoʻomomona a loaʻa i nā mea radioactive kūlohelohe e like me ka uranium a me ka thorium. No kēia kumu, mālama ʻia no ka manawa pau ʻole, me nā pilikia e pili ana i ka hoʻohaumia ʻana i ka lepo, ka ea, a me ka wai.
No laila, ua noʻonoʻo nā mea noiʻi ma ke Kulanui o Penn State i kahi ala multistage me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā peptides engineered, nā kaula pōkole o nā waikawa amino e hiki ke hoʻomaopopo pololei a hoʻokaʻawale i nā REE me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi membrane i hoʻomohala kūikawā.
No ka lawa ʻole o nā ʻano hoʻokaʻawale maʻamau, manaʻo ka papahana e hoʻolālā i nā ʻenehana kaʻawale hou, nā mea, a me nā kaʻina hana.
Ke alakaʻi ʻia nei ka hoʻolālā e ka hoʻohālike hoʻohālikelike, i hoʻomohala ʻia e Rachel Getman, ka mea noiʻi nui a me ke kumu aʻoaʻo o ka ʻenekinia kemika a me ka biomolecular ma Clemson, me nā mea noiʻi ʻo Christine Duval lāua ʻo Julie Renner, e hoʻomohala ana i nā molekala e pili ana i nā REE kikoʻī.
E nānā ʻo Greenlee i kā lākou hana i loko o ka wai a e loiloi i ka hopena o ke kaiapuni a me nā mea hiki ke hoʻokele waiwai ʻē aʻe ma lalo o ka hoʻolālā ʻokoʻa a me nā kūlana hana.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Polofesa ʻenekinia kemika ʻo Lauren Greenlee: "I kēia lā, ua manaʻo ʻia he 200,000 tons o nā mea o ka honua laha i loko o ka ʻōpala phosphogypsum i hana ʻole ʻia ma Florida wale nō."
Hōʻike ka hui e pili ana ka hoʻihoʻi kuʻuna me nā pale kaiapuni a me ka hoʻokele waiwai, kahi e hoʻihoʻi ʻia ai lākou i kēia manawa mai nā mea i hoʻohui ʻia, e koi ana i ka puhi ʻana i nā wahie mōʻalihaku a me ka hana nui.
E kālele ana ka papahana hou i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana iā lākou ma ke ʻano hoʻomau a hiki ke ʻōwili ʻia ma kahi ākea nui no nā pono kaiapuni a me ka hoʻokele waiwai.
Inā kūleʻa ka papahana, hiki iā ia ke hōʻemi i ka hilinaʻi ʻana o ʻAmelika iā Kina no ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā mea o ka honua.
Kākoʻo kālā no ka National Science Foundation Project
Kākoʻo ʻia ka papahana Penn State REE e ka hāʻawi kālā ʻehā makahiki o $571,658, ka huina o $1.7 miliona, a he hui pū me Case Western Reserve University a me Clemson University.
Nā ala ʻē aʻe e hoʻihoʻi hou ai i nā ʻeleʻele o ka honua
Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o RRE me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hana liʻiliʻi, maʻamau ma ka leaching a me ka wehe ʻana i ka solvent.
ʻOiai he kaʻina hana maʻalahi, pono ka leaching i ka nui o nā reagents kemika weliweli, no laila ʻaʻole makemake ʻia ma ke kālepa.
ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana he ʻano hana maikaʻi akā ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa no ka mea he paʻahana hana a hoʻopau manawa.
ʻO kekahi ala maʻamau e hoʻihoʻi ʻia ai nā REE ma o ka agromining, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo e-mining, e pili ana i ka lawe ʻana i nā ʻōpala uila, e like me nā kamepiula kahiko, kelepona, a me ke kīwī mai nā ʻāina like ʻole a hiki i Kina no ka hoʻoiho REE.
Wahi a ka UN Environment Programme, ʻoi aku ma mua o 53 miliona mau tons o ka e-waste i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 2019, me kahi $ 57 biliona mau mea waiwai i loaʻa nā REE a me nā metala.
ʻOiai ua ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia ʻo ia he ʻano hana hoʻomau o ka hana hou ʻana i nā mea, ʻaʻole ia me ka ʻole o kāna mau pilikia ponoʻī e pono e hoʻopau ʻia.
Pono ka Agromining i ka nui o ka waiho ʻana, nā mea kanu hana hou, nā ʻōpala ʻāina ma hope o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o REE, a pili i nā kumukūʻai o ka halihali, e koi ana i ka puhi ʻana i nā wahie fossil.
Hiki i ka Penn State University Project ke lanakila i kekahi o nā pilikia e pili ana i nā ʻano hoʻolaʻa REE kuʻuna inā hiki iā ia ke hoʻokō i kāna mau pahuhopu kaiapuni a me ka waiwai.



Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-03-2022