He aha ka scandium a me kāna mau hana hoʻāʻo maʻamau

21 Scandium a me kāna mau hana hoʻāʻo maʻamau

Welina mai i kēia ao o nā mea i piha i ka pohihihi a me ka nani. I kēia lā, e ʻimi pū mākou i kahi mea kūikawā -scandium. ʻOiai ʻaʻole maʻamau kēia ʻano i ko mākou ola i kēlā me kēia lā, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ia i ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻoihana.

Scandium, keia mea kupanaha, he nui na mea kupanaha. He lālā ia o ka ʻohana ʻeleʻele rare earth. E like me nā mea ʻē aʻenā mea ʻeleʻele rare, ua piha i ka mea pohihihi ka hale atomika o scandium. ʻO kēia mau ʻano atomic kūʻokoʻa e hana ai i ka scandium i mea hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i ka physics, chemistry a me nā ʻepekema waiwai.

ʻO ka loaʻa ʻana o ka scandium piha i nā wili a me nā paʻakikī. Ua hoʻomaka ia i ka makahiki 1841, i ka manawa i manaʻo ai ka mea hoʻokalakupua Suedena ʻo LFNilson (1840~1899) e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea ʻē aʻe mai ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe.erbiumhonua i ke aʻo ʻana i nā metala māmā. Ma hope o 13 mau manawa o ka decomposition hapa o ka nitrates, ua loaʻa iā ia he 3.5g o ka maʻemaʻeytterbiumhonua. Eia naʻe, ua ʻike ʻo ia ʻaʻole i kūlike ke kaumaha atomika o ka ytterbium i loaʻa iā ia me ke kaumaha atomika o ytterbium i hāʻawi ʻia e Malinac ma mua. Ua ʻike ʻo Nelson maka ʻoi aku aia paha kekahi mea māmā i loko. No laila ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka hana ʻana i ka ytterbium i loaʻa iā ia me ka hana like. ʻO ka hope, i ka wā i waiho ʻia ai hoʻokahi hapaʻumi o ka hāpana, ua hāʻule ke kaumaha atomika i ana ʻia i 167.46. Ua kokoke kēia hopena i ke kaumaha atomika o yttrium, no laila kapa ʻia ʻo Nelson ʻo "Scandium".

ʻOiai ua ʻike ʻo Nelson i ka scandium, ʻaʻole ia i ʻike nui ʻia e ka poʻe ʻepekema ma muli o kona paʻakikī a paʻakikī i ka kaʻawale ʻana. ʻAʻole ia a hiki i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19, i ka wā i lilo ai ka noiʻi ʻana i nā mea o ka honua i mea maʻamau, ua ʻike hou ʻia ka scandium a aʻo ʻia.

No laila, e hoʻomaka kākou i kēia huakaʻi o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka scandium, e wehe i kāna mea pohihihi a e hoʻomaopopo i kēia ʻano mea maʻamau akā nani maoli.

Nā kahua noi o scandium
ʻO ka hōʻailona o ka scandium ʻo Sc, a ʻo kāna helu ʻātoma he 21. ʻO ka mea ʻeleʻele he metala hoʻololi palupalu a keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. ʻOiai ʻaʻole he mea maʻamau ka scandium i loko o ka ʻāʻī o ka honua, he nui nā kahua hoʻohana koʻikoʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi ma nā ʻano aʻe:

1. Aerospace Industry: ʻO Scandium aluminika he māmā māmā, ikaika kiʻekiʻe i hoʻohana ʻia i nā hale mokulele, nā ʻāpana mīkini, a me ka hana missile i ka ʻoihana aerospace. Hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka scandium ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ikaika a me ka corrosion resistance o ka alloy me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka paʻa o ka alloy, e ʻoi aku ka māmā a me ka lōʻihi o nā lako aerospace.
2. Na Paikikala a me na Lako Ha'uki:Aluminum Scandiumhoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana i nā paikikala, nā hui kolepa, a me nā mea haʻuki ʻē aʻe. Ma muli o kona ikaika maikaʻi a me ka māmā,ʻāwili scandiumhiki ke hoʻonui i ka hana o nā mea haʻuki, hoʻemi i ke kaumaha, a hoʻonui i ka lōʻihi o ka mea.
3. ʻOihana kukui:ʻO Scandium iodidehoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopiha i nā kukui xenon kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia ia mau puʻupuʻu i ke kiʻi, hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni, kukui kahua, a me nā mea lapaʻau no ka mea kokoke loa ko lākou mau hiʻohiʻona i ka lā maoli.
4. Huina wahie:Aluminum Scandiumloaʻa nō hoʻi ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pūnaeau wahie oxide paʻa (SOFCs). Ma keia mau pila,alumina scandium-aluminikaua hoʻohana 'ia e like me anode mea, he kiʻekiʻe conductivity a me ka paʻa, kōkua i ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i ka pono a me ka hana o ka wahie.
5. Noiʻi ʻepekema: Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Scandium ma ke ʻano he mea ʻike ma ka noiʻi ʻepekema. I loko o nā hoʻokolohua nuklear physics a me nā mea hoʻolalelale, hoʻohana ʻia nā kristal scintillation scandium e ʻike i ka radiation a me nā ʻāpana.
6. Nā noi'ē aʻe: Hoʻohana pūʻia ka Scandium ma keʻano he superconductor wela kiʻekiʻe a ma kekahi mau'āpana kūikawā e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i nā waiwai o ka'āpana. Ma muli o ka hana kiʻekiʻe o ka scandium i ke kaʻina anodizing, hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana o nā mea electrode no nā pā lithium a me nā mea uila ʻē aʻe.

He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo i ka nui o kāna mau noi, ua kaupalena ʻia ka hana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o scandium ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi pili, no laila pono e noʻonoʻo pono ʻia kona kumukūʻai a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka wā e hoʻohana ai.

Nā Pono Kino o Scandium Element

1. Hana ʻAtoma: ʻO ka nucleus o scandium he 21 protons a he 20 mau neutrons. No laila, ʻo kona kaumaha ʻātoma maʻamau (ka hui pū ʻana) ma kahi o 44.955908. Ma nā ʻōlelo o ka hoʻolālā atomika, ʻo ka hoʻonohonoho electron o scandium he 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹ 4s².
2. Kūlana Kino: Paʻa ka Scandium i ka mahana wela a he ʻano keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Hiki ke loli kona kūlana kino ma muli o nā loli o ka mahana a me ke kaomi.
3. Density: ʻO ka nui o ka scandium e pili ana i 2.989 g / cm3. ʻO kēia ʻano haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e lilo ia i metala māmā.
4. Lae hehee: ʻO ka helu heheʻe o ka scandium ma kahi o 1541 degere Celsius (2806 degere Fahrenheit), e hōʻike ana he kiʻekiʻe kona wahi heheʻe. 5. Lae paila: He 2836 degere Celsius (5137 degere Fahrenheit) ka Scandium, 'o ia ho'i, pono ia i ka wela ki'eki'e e mahuka ai.
6. Elele uila: ʻO Scandium kahi mea hoʻokele uila maikaʻi, me ka conductivity uila kūpono. ʻOiai ʻaʻole maikaʻi e like me nā mea conductive maʻamau e like me ke keleawe a i ʻole ka aluminika, pono ia i kekahi mau noi kūikawā, e like me nā cell electrolytic a me nā noi aerospace.
7. ʻO ka Thermal Conductivity: Loaʻa i ka Scandium kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka thermal conductivity, e lilo ia i mea hoʻokele wela maikaʻi i nā wela kiʻekiʻe. He mea pono kēia i kekahi mau polokalamu wela wela.
8. Hoʻokumu Crystal: Loaʻa i ka Scandium kahi ʻano hexagonal kokoke i hoʻopili ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hoʻopili ʻia kona mau ʻātoma i nā hexagons kokoke i loko o ka aniani.
9. Mākēneki: He diamagnetic ka Scandium ma ka lumi wela, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole ia e huki ʻia a hoʻolei ʻia paha e nā māla magnetic. Pili kona ʻano magnetic i kona ʻano uila.
10. Radioactivity: ʻAʻole radioactive nā isotopes paʻa a pau o ka scandium, no laila he mea non-radioactive ia.

ʻO Scandium kahi metala māmā, metala hoʻoheheʻe kiʻekiʻe me kekahi mau noi kūikawā, ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka ʻoihana aerospace a me ka ʻepekema waiwai. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻike maʻamau ʻia ma ke ʻano, ʻo kona mau waiwai kino e hoʻohana kūʻokoʻa i nā wahi he nui.

Nā waiwai kemika o ka scandium

ʻO Scandium kahi mea metala hoʻololi.
1. Hana ʻātomai: He 21 protons ka hana atomika o Scandium a ma kahi o 20 mau neutrons. ʻO kāna hoʻonohonoho electron ʻo 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹ 4s², e hōʻike ana he hoʻokahi d orbital i hoʻopiha ʻole ʻia.
2. Hōʻailona kemika a me ka helu ʻātoma: ʻO ka hōʻailona kemika o Scandium ʻo Sc, a ʻo kāna helu ʻātoma he 21.
3. Electronegativity: Loaʻa i ka Scandium kahi electronegativity haʻahaʻa ma kahi o 1.36 (e like me ka electronegativity Paul). ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka lilo ʻana o nā electrons e hana i nā ion maikaʻi.
4. Mokuna oxidation: Loaʻa ka Scandium ma ke kūlana +3 oxidation, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua nalowale ʻekolu mau electrons e hana i ka ion Sc³⁺. ʻO kēia kona kūlana oxidation maʻamau. ʻOiai hiki nō hoʻi iā Sc²⁺ a me Sc⁴⁺, ʻaʻole paʻa a liʻiliʻi ka maʻamau.
5. Pūhui: Hoʻokumu nui ka Scandium i nā pūhui me nā mea e like me ka oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, a me ka hydrogen. Aia kekahi mau pūhui scandium maʻamauscandium oxide (Sc2O3) a me scandium halides (e like mescandium chloride, ScCl3).
6. Reactivity: ʻO ka Scandium he metala hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, akā hoʻokahe koke ia i ka ea, hana i kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni o ka scandium oxide, ka mea e pale ai i nā hopena oxidation hou. ʻO kēia ka mea e paʻa paʻa ai ka scandium a loaʻa iā ia kahi pale corrosion.
7. Solubility: Hoʻoheheʻe mālie ka Scandium i ka hapa nui o nā waikawa, akā maʻalahi ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana ma lalo o nā kūlana alkaline. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai no ka mea ke pale nei kāna kiʻiʻoniʻoni oxide i nā hopena hou aʻe me nā molekole wai.

8. Nā waiwai kemika e like me ka Lanthanide: Ua like nā waiwai kemika o Scandium me nā mea o ka moʻo lanthanide (lanthanum, gadolinium, neodymium, etc.), no laila ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i kekahi manawa ma ke ʻano he mea like me ka lanthanide. Hōʻike nui ʻia kēia ʻano like i ka radius ionic, nā waiwai hoʻohui a me kekahi reactivity.
9. Isotopes: He nui nā isotopes o Scandium, he pa'a wale kekahi. ʻO ka isotope paʻa loa ʻo Sc-45, nona ka hapalua ola lōʻihi a ʻaʻole radioactive.

ʻO Scandium kahi mea maʻamau, akā ma muli o kekahi o kāna mau mea kemika a me nā waiwai kino, he hana koʻikoʻi ia i kekahi mau wahi noi, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka ʻoihana aerospace, ʻepekema waiwai a me kekahi mau noi kiʻekiʻe.

Nā waiwai olaola o scandium

ʻAʻole ʻo Scandium kahi mea maʻamau i ke ʻano. No laila, ʻaʻohe ona waiwai olaola i loko o nā meaola. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia nā waiwai olaola i ka hana biological, absorption biological, metabolism a me nā hopena o nā mea i nā mea ola. Ma muli o ka scandium ʻaʻole ia he mea e pono ai ke ola, ʻaʻohe mea i ʻike ʻia he pono olaola a hoʻohana paha no ka scandium.
ʻO ka hopena o ka scandium i nā meaola e pili nui ana i kāna radioactivity. He radioactive kekahi isotopes o scandium, no laila, inā ʻike ʻia ke kino o ke kanaka a i ʻole nā ​​mea ola ʻē aʻe i ka radioactive scandium, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia i ka radiation pōʻino. Loaʻa pinepine kēia kūlana i nā kūlana kūikawā e like me ka noiʻi ʻepekema nuklea, radiotherapy a i ʻole nā ​​ulia nuklea.
ʻAʻole pili maikaʻi ʻo Scandium me nā mea ola a aia kahi pōʻino radiation. No laila, ʻaʻole ia he mea nui i ke kino.

ʻO Scandium kahi mea kemika liʻiliʻi loa, a ua kaupalena ʻia kona māhele ʻana ma ke ʻano. Eia kahi kikoʻī kikoʻī i ka hoʻohele ʻana i ka scandium ma ke ʻano:

1. Maʻiʻo ma ke ʻano: Loaʻa ka Scandium ma kahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻōpala o ka Honua. ʻO ka maʻamau maʻamau i loko o ka ʻōpala o ka Honua ma kahi o 0.0026 mg/kg (a i ʻole 2.6 ʻāpana o ka miliona). Hoʻolilo kēia i ka scandium kekahi o nā mea laha loa i ka ʻāʻī o ka Honua.

2. ʻIke ʻia i loko o nā minelala: ʻOiai ʻo kona ʻike liʻiliʻi, hiki ke loaʻa ka scandium i kekahi mau minela, ma ke ʻano he oxides a i ʻole silicates. ʻO kekahi mau minela i loaʻa i ka scandium ka scandianite a me ka dolomite.

3. Ka unuhi ʻana o ka scandium: Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke ʻano, he mea paʻakikī ke unuhi i ka scandium maʻemaʻe. ʻO ka maʻamau, loaʻa ka scandium ma ke ʻano he hopena o ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe alumini, e like me ka mea i loaʻa me ka alumini i loko o ka bauxite.

4. Māhele ʻāina: Māhele ʻia ka Scandium ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, akā ʻaʻole like. ʻO kekahi mau ʻāina e like me Kina, Lūkia, Norewai, Suedena a me Brazil i loaʻa nā waihona scandium waiwai, aʻo nā wahi ʻē aʻe i loaʻa ʻole iā lākou.

ʻOiai he palena palena ʻole ka scandium i ke ʻano, he hana koʻikoʻi ia i kekahi mau ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe a me nā noi ʻoihana, no laila

Ka unuhi a me ka hoohehee ana i ka Element Scandium

ʻO Scandium kahi mea metala laha ʻole, a paʻakikī loa kāna kaʻina hana mining a me ka unuhi. ʻO kēia ka ʻōlelo kikoʻī kikoʻī i ke kaʻina hana mining a me ka unuhi ʻana o ka mea scandium:

1. Ka unuhi ʻana o ka scandium: ʻAʻole i loaʻa ka Scandium ma kona ʻano kumu ma ke ʻano, akā maʻa mau i ka nui o nā ores. ʻO nā ores scandium nui ka vanadium scandium ore, zircon ore, a me ka yttrium ore. He haʻahaʻa loa ka loaʻa ʻana o ka scandium i loko o kēia mau ores.

ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka unuhi ʻana i ka scandium e pili ana i kēia mau hana:

a. Mining: ʻeli ʻana i nā ores i loaʻa ka scandium.

b. Ka ʻohi ʻana a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana: Ka ʻohi ʻana a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā ʻala no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ʻala pono mai nā pōhaku ʻōpala.

c. Flotation: Ma o ke kaʻina holo ʻana, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ores me ka scandium mai nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe.

d. Dissolution and Reduction: Hoʻoheheʻe pinepine ʻia ka Scandium hydroxide a laila hoʻemi ʻia i ka scandium metallic e kahi mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa (maʻamau ka alumini).

e. Electrolytic extraction: Lawe ʻia ka scandium i hōʻemi ʻia ma o kahi kaʻina electrolytic e loaʻa ai ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻemetala scandium.

3. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka scandium: Ma o nā kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe a me ka crystallization, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia ka maʻemaʻe o ka scandium. ʻO ke ala maʻamau ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka crystallize i nā pūhui scandium ma o ka chlorination a i ʻole nā ​​kaʻina carbonation e loaʻa aikiʻekiʻe-maʻemaʻe scandium.

Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka scandium, ʻo ka ʻili a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana e koi i ka ʻenekinia kemika pololei loa, a maʻamau e hoʻohua i ka nui o ka ʻōpala a me nā huahana. No laila, ʻo ka mining a me ka unuhi ʻana o ka scandium element he papahana paʻakikī a pipiʻi hoʻi, i hui pū ʻia me ke kaʻina hana mining a me ka unuhi ʻana o nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hoʻokele waiwai.

ʻO nā ala ʻike o scandium
1. Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS): Atomic absorption spectrometry he mea maʻamau ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka spectra absorption i nā lōʻihi hawewe kikoʻī e hoʻoholo ai i ka neʻe ʻana o ka scandium i kahi hāpana. Atomize ia i ka hāpana e hoʻāʻo ʻia i loko o kahi lapalapa, a laila ana i ka ikaika absorption o scandium i ka hāpana ma o kahi spectrometer. He kūpono kēia ʻano hana no ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻike ʻana o ka trace concentrations o scandium.
2. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES): Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry he mea ko'iko'i ko'iko'i a me ke koho analytical analytical i ho'ohana nui 'ia ma ka ho'oponopono multi-element. Atomize ia i ka hāpana a hana i plasma, a hoʻoholo i ka nalu kikoʻī a me ka ikaika o ka hoʻokuʻu scandium i kahi spectrometer.
3. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS): Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, he ʻano hoʻonaʻauao koʻikoʻi a me ka hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka ratio isotope a me ka nānā ʻana i nā mea hana. Atomize ia i ka hāpana a hoʻokumu i ka plasma, a hoʻoholo i ka ratio mass-to-charge o scandium i loko o kahi spectrometer. 4. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF): X-ray fluorescence spectrometry hoʻohana i ka fluorescence spectrum i hana ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻohauʻoli ʻana o ka hāpana e nā kukuna X e kālailai i ka ʻike o nā mea. Hiki iā ia ke hoʻoholo wikiwiki a me ka non-destructively i ka ʻike o ka scandium i ka hāpana.
5. Heluhelu heluhelu pololei: ʻIke ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka spectrometry heluhelu pololei photoelectric, he ʻano analytical i hoʻohana ʻia no ke kālailai ʻana i ka ʻike o nā mea i loko o kahi hāpana. Hoʻohana ʻo ia i nā kukui uila a i ʻole nā ​​​​arcs e hoʻopau pololei i nā mea i loko o ka hāpana mai ke kūlana paʻa a hoʻokuʻu i nā laina kikoʻī kikoʻī i ke kūlana hauʻoli. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia mea kahi laina hoʻokuʻu kūʻokoʻa, a ua kūlike kona ikaika i ka ʻike o ka mea i loko o ka hāpana. Ma ke ana ʻana i ka ikaika o kēia mau laina spectral hiʻona, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ka ʻike o kēlā me kēia mea i loko o ka hāpana. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia ʻano hana no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā metala a me nā alloys, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka metallurgy, ka hoʻoili metala, ka ʻepekema waiwai a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau ʻano i loko o ka hale hana a me ka ʻoihana no ka loiloi quantitative a me ka mana maikaʻi o scandium. ʻO ke koho ʻana i ke ala kūpono e pili ana i nā mea e like me ke ʻano o ka laʻana, ka palena ʻike pono a me ka pololei ʻike.

Hoʻohana kikoʻī o ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe atomika scandium

Ma ke ana ʻana, ʻo ka atomic absorption spectroscopy he kiʻekiʻe ka pololei a me ka naʻau, e hāʻawi ana i kahi ala kūpono no ke aʻo ʻana i nā waiwai kemika, ka hoʻohuihui ʻana, a me ka ʻike o nā mea.

A laila, e hoʻohana mākou i ka spectroscopy absorption atomic e ana i ka ʻike o ka mea hao.

ʻO nā ʻanuʻu kikoʻī penei:

E hoʻomākaukau i ka hāpana e hoʻāʻo ʻia. No ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka hopena o ka hāpana e ana ʻia, pono e hoʻohana i ka ʻakika hui ʻia no ka ʻai ʻana i mea e maʻalahi ai nā ana ma hope.

E koho i kahi spectrometer hoʻoemi atomika kūpono. E koho i kahi spectrometer hoʻoheheʻe atomika kūpono e pili ana i nā waiwai o ka hāpana e hoʻāʻo ʻia a me ka laulā o ka scandium maʻiʻo e ana ʻia. E hoʻoponopono i nā ʻāpana o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe atomic absorption spectrometer. Hoʻoponopono i nā ʻāpana o ka spectrometer absorption atomic, me ke kumu kukui, atomizer, detector, etc., ma muli o ka mea i hoʻāʻo ʻia a me ke ʻano mea kani.

E ana i ka komo ʻana o ka mea scandium. E kau i ka laʻana e hoʻāʻo ʻia i loko o kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe a hoʻokuʻu i ka pāhawewe māmā o kahi lōʻihi hawewe ma o kahi kumu kukui. ʻO ka mea scandium e hoʻāʻo ʻia e hoʻopaʻa i kēia radiation māmā a hoʻololi i ka pae ikehu. E ana i ka komo ʻana o ka mea scandium ma o ka mea ʻike.

E helu i ka ʻike o ka mea scandium. E helu i ka ʻike o ka mea scandium e pili ana i ka absorbance a me ka pihi maʻamau.

Ma ka hana maoli, pono e koho i nā ʻano ana kūpono e like me nā pono kikoʻī o ka pūnaewele. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau ʻano i ka nānā ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻana i ka hao i nā laboratories a me nā ʻoihana.
I ka pau ʻana o kā mākou hoʻolauna piha ʻana i ka scandium, manaʻolana mākou e hiki i ka poʻe heluhelu ke loaʻa ka ʻike hohonu a me ka ʻike o kēia mea kupanaha. ʻO Scandium, ma ke ʻano he mea koʻikoʻi i ka papa periodic, ʻaʻole wale i ke kuleana koʻikoʻi ma ke kahua o ka ʻepekema, akā loaʻa nō hoʻi kahi ākea o nā noi i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
Ma ke aʻo ʻana i nā waiwai, hoʻohana, ʻike kaʻina hana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana o scandium i ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana hou, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike i ka nani a me ka hiki o kēia mea. Mai nā mea aerospace a hiki i ka ʻenehana pākaukau, mai nā petrochemical a i nā mea lapaʻau, hana nui ka scandium.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, pono mākou e hoʻomaopopo ʻoiai ʻo ka scandium e lawe mai i ka maʻalahi i ko mākou ola, aia kekahi mau pilikia. No laila, ʻoiai pono mākou e hauʻoli i nā pōmaikaʻi o ka scandium, pono mākou e noʻonoʻo i ka hoʻohana kūpono a me ka hoʻohana maʻamau e pale aku i nā pilikia hiki. I ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana e hiki mai ana, manaʻo mākou e hoʻokani ʻo scandium i kāna mau pono kūʻokoʻa i nā kula hou aʻe a lawe mai i ka ʻoluʻolu a me nā mea kupanaha i ko mākou ola.