Ua ʻike anei ʻoe? ʻO ke kaʻina hana o ka ʻike kanakayttriumua piha i nā wili a me nā pilikia. I ka makahiki 1787, ua ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka Swede Karl Axel Arrhenius kahi ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a koʻikoʻi i loko o kahi lua kokoke i kona kūlanakauhale ʻo Ytterby village a kapa ʻia ʻo "Ytterbite". Ma hope o ia mea, nui nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo Johan Gadolin, Anders Gustav Ekberg, Friedrich Wöhler a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i hana i ka noiʻi hohonu e pili ana i kēia oka.
I ka makahiki 1794, ua hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi ʻo Johan Gadolin ka mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa Finnish i kahi oxide hou mai ka ytterbium ore a kapa ʻia ʻo yttrium. ʻO kēia ka manawa mua i ʻike maopopo ai ke kanaka i kahi ʻano honua laha ʻole. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole i huki koke ʻia kēia ʻike.
I ka wā lōʻihi, ua ʻike nā kānaka ʻepekema i nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka honua. I ka makahiki 1803, ua ʻike ka German Klaproth a me nā Swedes Hitzinger a me Berzelius i ka cerium. I ka makahiki 1839, ua ʻike ʻia ka Swede Mosenderlanthanum. I ka makahiki 1843, ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka erbium a mehoʻopaʻapaʻa. Hāʻawi kēia mau ʻike i kumu nui no ka noiʻi ʻepekema ma hope.
ʻAʻole hiki i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19 i hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi nā ʻepekema i ka mea "yttrium" mai ka yttrium ore. I ka makahiki 1885, ua ʻike ʻo Austrian Wilsbach i ka neodymium a me ka praseodymium. I ka makahiki 1886, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Bois-Baudrandysprosium. ʻO kēia mau mea i ʻike ʻia ua hoʻowaiwai hou aku i ka ʻohana nui o nā mea ʻano honua laha.
ʻOi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka yttrium, ma muli o nā palena o nā kūlana ʻenehana, ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻepekema ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kēia mea, a ua hoʻopiʻi pū kekahi i nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa a me nā hewa. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia i hoʻōki i ka ʻepekema mai ko lākou hoihoi i ke aʻo ʻana i ka yttrium.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20, me ka holomua mau o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana, ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe ʻepekema i hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā mea o ka honua. I ka makahiki 1901, ua ʻike ʻia ka Palani ʻo Eugene de Marseilleeuropium. I ka makahiki 1907-1908, ua ʻike kūʻokoʻa ʻo Austrian Wilsbach a me Frenchman Urbain i ka lutetium. Hāʻawi kēia mau ʻike i kumu nui no ka noiʻi ʻepekema ma hope.
I ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana hou, ke hoʻohana nui nei ka yttrium. Me ka holomua mau ʻana o ka ʻepekema a me ka ʻenehana, e ʻoi aku ka hohonu o kā mākou ʻike a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka yttrium.
Nā kahua noi o ka yttrium element
1.ʻO ke aniani ʻōpika a me nā seramika:Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo Yttrium i ka hana ʻana i nā aniani optical a me nā seramika, ka mea nui i ka hana ʻana i nā seramika māmā a me nā aniani ʻoi. Loaʻa i kāna mau pūhui nā waiwai optical maikaʻi loa a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hana i nā ʻāpana o nā lasers, nā kamaʻilio fiber-optic a me nā mea hana ʻē aʻe.
2. Phosphors:He kuleana koʻikoʻi nā pūhui Yttrium i nā phosphors a hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i ka fluorescence mālamalama, no laila hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou e hana i nā pale TV, nā mea nānā a me nā lako kukui.Yttrium oxidea me nā pūhui ʻē aʻe e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e like me nā mea luminescent e hoʻonui ai i ka ʻōlinolino a me ka māmā o ka mālamalama.
3. Alloy additives: I ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana metala, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka yttrium ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i nā waiwai mechanical a me ka pale ʻana o nā metala.ʻO nā huila Yttriumhoʻohana pinepine ʻia e hana i ke kila ikaika aalumini alumini, e hoʻonui iā lākou i ka wela a me ka corrosion.
4. Nā mea hoʻoheheʻe: He kuleana koʻikoʻi nā pūhui Yttrium i kekahi mau mea hoʻoheheʻe a hiki ke hoʻolalelale i ka wikiwiki o nā hopena kemika. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e hana i nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻomaʻemaʻe kaʻa a me nā catalysts i nā kaʻina hana ʻenehana, e kōkua ana e hōʻemi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā mea ʻino.
5. ʻenehana kiʻi lāʻau lapaʻau: Hoʻohana ʻia nā isotopes Yttrium i ka ʻenehana kiʻi lāʻau no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā isotopes radioactive, e like me ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana i nā radiopharmaceuticals a me ka ʻike ʻana i ke kiʻi lāʻau nuklea.
6. ʻenehana laser:ʻO Yttrium ion lasers he laser solid-state maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻano noiʻi ʻepekema, lāʻau lapaʻau laser a me nā noi ʻoihana. Pono ka hana ʻana o kēia mau laser i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau pūhui yttrium e like me nā mea hoʻouluNā mea .Yttriuma he koʻikoʻi ko lākou pūhui i ka ʻepekema hou a me ka ʻenehana a me ka ʻoihana, e pili ana i nā ʻano he nui e like me optics, material science, a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a ua hana maikaʻi i ka holomua a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka nohona kanaka.
Nā waiwai kino o yttrium
Ka helu atomika oyttriumʻo 39 a ʻo kāna hōʻailona kemika ʻo Y.
1. ʻAno:ʻO Yttrium he metala keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo.
2. ʻOi aku:ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka yttrium he 4.47 g/cm3, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi o ka ʻōpala o ka honua.
3. Lae hehee:ʻO ka helu heheʻe o ka yttrium he 1522 degere Celsius (2782 degere Fahrenheit), e pili ana i ka mahana i hoʻololi ʻia ai ka yttrium mai kahi paʻa i ka wai ma lalo o nā kūlana wela.
4. Lae paila:ʻO ka helu hoʻolapalapa o ka yttrium he 3336 degere Celsius (6037 degere Fahrenheit), e pili ana i ka mahana i hoʻololi ʻia ai ka yttrium mai ka wai a i ke kinoea ma lalo o nā kūlana wela.
5. Māhele:Ma ka lumi wela, aia ka yttrium i kahi kūlana paʻa.
6. Conductivity:ʻO Yttrium kahi mea hoʻokele uila maikaʻi me ka conductivity kiʻekiʻe, no laila aia kekahi mau noi i ka hana ʻenehana uila a me ka ʻenehana kaapuni.
7. Mākēneki:ʻO Yttrium kahi mea paramagnetic ma ka lumi wela, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole i ʻike maopopo ʻia ka pane magnetic i nā māla magnetic.
8. ʻO ka hana aniani: Aia ʻo Yttrium i loko o kahi ʻano aniani hexagonal piha piha.
9. Ka nui atomika:He 19.8 cubic kenimika ka nui o ka yttrium no ka mole, e pili ana i ka leo i nohoia e hookahi mole o na yttrium atoms.
ʻO ka Yttrium kahi mea metala me kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka helu heheʻe, a he conductivity maikaʻi, no laila he mau noi koʻikoʻi i ka uila, ʻepekema waiwai a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka yttrium kekahi mea maʻamau maʻamau, kahi mea nui i kekahi mau ʻenehana holomua a me nā noi ʻoihana.
Nā waiwai kemika o yttrium
1. Hōʻailona kemika a me ka pūʻulu: ʻO ka hōʻailona kemika o ka yttrium ʻo ia ka Y, a aia ia i ka manawa ʻelima o ka papa periodic, ʻo ke kolu o ka hui, ua like ia me nā mea lanthanide.
2. Hana uila: ʻO ka hana uila o yttrium he 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁶ 4d¹⁰ 4f¹⁴ 5s². Ma ka papa electron waho, yttrium he ʻelua mau electron valence.
3. Mokuʻāina valence: Hōʻike pinepine ʻo Yttrium i ka mokuʻāina valence o +3, ʻo ia ka mokuʻāina valence maʻamau, akā hiki nō ke hōʻike i nā mokuʻāina valence o +2 a me +1.
4. Reactivity: ʻO Yttrium he metala paʻa paʻa, akā e hoʻoheheʻe mālie ʻia ke ʻike ʻia i ka ea, e hana ana i kahi papa oxide ma ka ʻili. E lilo ana ka yttrium i kona luster. No ka pale ʻana i ka yttrium, mālama mau ʻia ma kahi maloʻo.
5. Pane me nā oxides: Hoʻopili ʻo Yttrium me nā oxides e hana i nā pūhui like ʻole, meyttrium oxide(Y2O3). Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka Yttrium oxide e hana i nā phosphors a me nā seramika.
6. **Paʻa me nā ʻakika**: Hiki i ka Yttrium ke hana me nā ʻakika ikaika e hana i nā paʻakai like, e like meyttrium chloride (YCl3) a i ʻoleyttrium sulfate (Y2(SO4)3).
7. Pane me ka wai: ʻAʻole hana pololei ʻo Yttrium me ka wai ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, akā i nā wela kiʻekiʻe, hiki iā ia ke hana me ka mahu wai e hana i ka hydrogen a me ka yttrium oxide.
8. Pane me sulfides a me ka carbide: Hiki i ka Yttrium ke hana me ka sulfides a me ka carbide e hana i nā pūhui e like me ka yttrium sulfide (YS) a me ka yttrium carbide (YC2). 9. Isotopes: He mau isotopes ko Yttrium, ʻo ka yttrium-89 (^89Y) ka mea paʻa loa, he hapalua kona ola a hoʻohana ʻia i ka lāʻau nuklea a me ka hōʻailona isotope.
ʻO Yttrium kahi mea metala paʻa paʻa me nā mokuʻāina valence he nui a me ka hiki ke hana me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hana i nā pūhui. Loaʻa iā ia ka laulā o nā noi i nā optics, nā ʻepekema waiwai, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a me nā ʻoihana, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka phosphors, ka hana ceramic, a me ka ʻenehana laser.
Nā waiwai olaola o yttrium
Nā waiwai olaola oyttriumi loko o nā mea ola he mea liʻiliʻi.
1. Loaʻa a ʻai ʻia: ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻo ka yttrium he mea e pono ai ke ola, hiki ke loaʻa ka nui o ka yttrium ma ke ʻano, me ka lepo, nā pōhaku, a me ka wai. Hiki i nā mea ola ke komo i ka nui o ka yttrium ma o ke kaulahao meaʻai, maʻamau mai ka lepo a me nā mea kanu.
2. Bioavailability: He haʻahaʻa loa ka bioavailability o ka yttrium, ʻo ia hoʻi, paʻakikī nā mea ola i ke komo ʻana a me ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i ka yttrium. ʻAʻole hiki ke komo maʻalahi ka hapa nui o nā pūhui yttrium i nā mea ola, no laila e hoʻokuʻu ʻia lākou.
3. Ka laha 'ana i loko o ke kino: Ho'okahi manawa i loko o ke kino, ua māhele nui 'ia ka yttrium i loko o nā 'i'o e like me ke akepa'a, ka pu'okini, ka spleen, nā māmā, a me nā iwi. ʻO ka mea nui, loaʻa i nā iwi ka nui o ka yttrium.
4. Metabolism a excretion: ʻO ka metabolism o ka yttrium i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka he mea liʻiliʻi no ka mea maʻamau ka haʻalele ʻana i ke kino ma ka hoʻohemo ʻana. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka hapa nui ma o ka mimi, a hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka defecation.
5. Ka 'awa'awa: Ma muli o kona ha'aha'a ha'aha'a bioavailability, 'a'ole ma'amau ka yttrium e hō'ili'ili i nā pae 'ino i nā mea ola ma'amau. Eia nō naʻe, hiki i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka yttrium kiʻekiʻe ke loaʻa nā hopena pōʻino i nā meaola, e alakaʻi ana i nā hopena ʻona. He mea maʻamau kēia kūlana no ka mea he haʻahaʻa ka nui o ka yttrium i loko o ke ʻano a ʻaʻole i hoʻohana nui ʻia a ʻike ʻole ʻia i nā mea ola. no ke ola. ʻOiai ʻaʻole loaʻa nā hopena ʻawaʻawa i nā mea ola ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau, hiki i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka yttrium kiʻekiʻe ke hoʻopilikia i ke olakino. No laila, he mea nui ka noiʻi ʻepekema a me ka nānā ʻana no ka palekana a me nā hopena olaola o yttrium.
Ka māhele ʻana o ka yttrium ma ke ʻano
ʻO ka Yttrium kahi mea honua laha ʻole i laha nui ʻia ma ke ʻano, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia ma ke ʻano elemental maʻemaʻe.
1. Hiki i ka ʻōpala o ka Honua: He haʻahaʻa ka nui o ka yttrium i loko o ka ʻōpala o ka Honua, me ka awelika o ka 33 mg/kg. Hoʻolilo kēia i ka yttrium i kekahi o nā mea ʻokoʻa.
Loaʻa ka Yttrium ma ke ʻano o nā minerala, maʻamau me nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka honua. ʻO kekahi mau minela yttrium nui ka yttrium iron garnet (YIG) a me ka yttrium oxalate (Y2(C2O4)3).
2. Māhele ʻāina: Ua puʻunaue ʻia nā waihona Yttrium ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, akā ua waiwai paha kekahi mau wahi i ka yttrium. Hiki ke loaʻa kekahi mau waihona yttrium nui ma kēia mau ʻāpana: Australia, Kina, United States, Russia, Canada, India, Scandinavia, etc. e hookaawale i ka yttrium. ʻO kēia ka mea maʻamau e pili ana i ka leaching acid a me nā kaʻina hoʻokaʻawale kemika e loaʻa ai ka yttrium maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe.
He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole i loaʻa maʻamau nā mea honua laʻa e like me yttrium ma ke ʻano o nā mea maʻemaʻe, akā ua hui pū ʻia me nā mea ʻē aʻe. No laila, ʻo ka unuhi ʻana o ka yttrium maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe e pono ai ka hoʻoili kemika paʻakikī a me nā kaʻina hoʻokaʻawale. Eia hou, ka lako onā mea ʻeleʻele rareua kaupalena ʻia, no laila, he mea nui ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i kā lākou hoʻokele waiwai a me ka hoʻomau ʻana o ke kaiapuni.
ʻO ka ʻeli ʻana, ka ʻili a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka mea yttrium
ʻO ka yttrium he ʻano honua laha ʻole i loaʻa ma ke ʻano o ka yttrium maʻemaʻe, akā ma ke ʻano o ka yttrium ore. ʻO kēia ka ʻōlelo kikoʻī kikoʻī i ke kaʻina hana mining a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ka element yttrium:
1. Eli ana i ka yttrium ore:
ʻImi: ʻO ka mea mua, hana nā kānaka kālaihonua a me nā ʻenekini mining i ka hana ʻimi e ʻimi ai i nā waihona i loaʻa ka yttrium. Hoʻopili maʻamau kēia i nā haʻawina geological, geophysical exploration, a me ka hōʻike hōʻike. Mining: Ke ʻike ʻia kahi waihona i loaʻa ka yttrium, ʻeli ʻia ka ʻaila. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia kēia mau waihona i nā ores oxide e like me yttrium iron garnet (YIG) a i ʻole yttrium oxalate (Y2(C2O4)3). ʻOre crushing: Ma hope o ka ʻeli ʻana, pono e uhaʻi ʻia ka ʻaila i mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi no ka hana ʻana ma hope.
2. Wehe i ka yttrium:ʻO ka leaching kemika: Hoʻouna pinepine ʻia ka ʻaila i ʻoki ʻia i kahi smelter, kahi e lawe ʻia ai ka yttrium ma o ka leaching kemika. Hoʻohana maʻamau kēia kaʻina hana i kahi solution leaching acidic, e like me ka sulfuric acid, e hoʻopau i ka yttrium mai ka ʻaila. Hoʻokaʻawale: Ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka yttrium, hoʻohui pinepine ʻia me nā mea ʻokoʻa honua a me nā haumia. No ka unuhi ʻana i ka yttrium o ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, koi ʻia kahi kaʻina kaʻawale, maʻamau me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka solvent extraction, ion exchange a i ʻole nā ʻano kemika ʻē aʻe. Ka ua: Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Yttrium mai nā mea ʻē aʻe o ka honua maʻamau ma o nā hopena kemika kūpono e hana ai i nā pūhui yttrium maʻemaʻe. Hoʻomaloʻo a me ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana: ʻO nā pūhui yttrium i loaʻa maʻamau pono e hoʻomaloʻo ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia e wehe i ke koena o ka wai a me nā haumia e loaʻa ai ka metala yttrium maʻemaʻe a i ʻole nā huihui.
Nā ʻano ʻike o ka yttrium
ʻO nā ʻano hana ʻike maʻamau no ka yttrium ʻo ia ka atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), etc.
1. ʻO ke kikoʻike hoʻoheheʻe ʻātoma (AAS):ʻO ka AAS kahi ʻano hoʻopaʻa helu helu maʻamau i kūpono no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka ʻike yttrium i ka hopena. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia ʻano hana ma ke ʻano o ka absorption i ka wā e hoʻomoʻi ai ka mea i manaʻo ʻia i ka hāpana i ka mālamalama o kahi lōʻihi nalu. ʻO ka mea mua, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka hāpana i kahi ʻano measurable ma o nā ʻanuʻu pretreatment e like me ka puhi kinoea a me ka maloʻo kiʻekiʻe. A laila, hāʻawi ʻia ka mālamalama e pili ana i ka lōʻihi o ka nalu o ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka hāpana, ua ana ʻia ka ikaika o ka māmā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka hāpana, a helu ʻia ka ʻike yttrium i loko o ka hāpana ma ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me kahi solution yttrium maʻamau o ka ʻike ʻike.
2. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS):ʻO ka ICP-MS kahi ʻenehana loiloi koʻikoʻi kūpono no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka ʻike yttrium i loko o ka wai a me nā laʻana paʻa. Hoʻololi kēia ʻano i ka hāpana i loko o nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a laila hoʻohana i kahi spectrometer nui no ka nānā ʻana. Loaʻa i ka ICP-MS kahi ākea ākea a me ka hoʻonā kiʻekiʻe, a hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka ʻike o nā mea he nui i ka manawa like. No ka ʻike ʻana i ka yttrium, hiki i ka ICP-MS ke hāʻawi i nā palena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka pololei kiʻekiʻe.
3. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF):ʻO XRF kahi ʻano analytical non-destructive i kūpono no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka ʻike yttrium i loko o nā mea paʻa a me ka wai. Hoʻoholo kēia ʻano i ka maʻiʻo element ma o ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana i ka ʻili o ka hāpana me nā kukui X a me ke ana ʻana i ke ʻano kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka spectrum fluorescence i ka hāpana. Loaʻa i ka XRF nā pono o ka wikiwiki wikiwiki, ka hana maʻalahi, a me ka hiki ke hoʻoholo i nā mea he nui i ka manawa like. Eia naʻe, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka XRF i ka nānā ʻana i ka yttrium haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, e hopena i nā hewa nui.
4. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES):ʻO ka inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, he ʻano hoʻonaʻauao koʻikoʻi a koho ʻia i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka nānā ʻana i nā mea he nui. Atomize ia i ka hāpana a hana i plasma e ana i ka nalu kikoʻī a me ka ikaika of yttriumhoʻokuʻu i ka spectrometer. Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻano i luna, aia kekahi mau ʻano hana maʻamau no ka ʻike ʻana i ka yttrium, me ke ʻano electrochemical, spectrophotometry, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke koho ʻana i kahi ala ʻike kūpono e pili ana i nā mea e like me nā waiwai hāpana, ke ana ʻana i koi ʻia a me ka pololei ʻike, a me nā kūlana calibration koi pinepine ʻia no ka mana maikaʻi e hōʻoia i ka pololei a me ka hilinaʻi o nā hopena ana.
Hoʻohana kikoʻī o ke ʻano hana hoʻoheheʻe atomika yttrium
I ke ana ʻana, ʻo ka inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) kahi ʻenehana hoʻopaʻapaʻa koʻikoʻi a nui-element, i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e hoʻoholo i ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea, me ka yttrium. Eia ka hana kikoʻī no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka yttrium ma ICP-MS:
1. Hoʻomākaukau laʻana:
Pono e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka hāpana i loko o kahi ʻano wai no ka loiloi ICP-MS. Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia ma o ka hoʻoheheʻe kemika, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka wela a i ʻole nā ʻano hoʻomākaukau kūpono.
Pono ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka hāpana i nā kūlana maʻemaʻe loa e pale ai i ka hoʻohaumia ʻana e nā mea waho. Pono ke keʻena hoʻokolohua e hana i nā mea e pono ai e pale aku i ka hoʻohaumia ʻana.
2. Hanana ICP:
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka ICP ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka argon a i ʻole argon-oxygen i hui pū ʻia i loko o kahi lama quartz plasma paʻa. ʻO ka hoʻohui inductive kiʻekiʻe e hoʻopuka i kahi lapalapa plasma ikaika, ʻo ia ka hoʻomaka o ka loiloi.
ʻO ka mahana o ka plasma ma kahi o 8000 a 10000 degere Celsius, kahi kiʻekiʻe e hiki ke hoʻololi i nā mea i loko o ka hāpana i loko o ka moku'āina.
3. Ionization a me ka hookaawale ana:Ke komo ka hāpana i loko o ka plasma, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea i loko. 'O ia ho'i, ua nalowale nā 'ātoma i ho'okahi a 'oi aku paha nā electron, e hana ana i nā ion i ho'opa'a 'ia. Hoʻohana ʻo ICP-MS i kahi spectrometer nui no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā ion o nā mea ʻokoʻa, maʻamau ma ka ratio mass-to-charge (m/z). ʻAe kēia i nā ion o nā mea like ʻole e hoʻokaʻawale a nānā ʻia ma hope.
4. Heluhelu nui:Hoʻokomo nā ion i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i kahi spectrometer nui, maʻamau he quadrupole mass spectrometer a i ʻole ka magnetic scanning mass spectrometer. Ma ka spectrometer nuipa, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ion o nā mea like ʻole a ʻike ʻia e like me kā lākou mass-to-charge ratio. ʻO kēia ka mea e hiki ai ke hoʻoholo i ka hele a me ka noʻonoʻo o kēlā me kēia mea. ʻO kekahi o nā mea maikaʻi o ka inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ʻo ia ka hopena kiʻekiʻe, e hiki ai iā ia ke ʻike i nā mea he nui i ka manawa like.
5. Hoʻoponopono ʻikepili:ʻO ka ʻikepili i hana ʻia e ICP-MS maʻamau pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka manaʻo o nā mea i loko o ka hāpana. Hoʻopili kēia i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka hōʻailona ʻike i nā kūlana o nā ʻike i ʻike ʻia, a me ka hana ʻana i ka calibration a me ka hoʻoponopono.
6. Hōʻike hopena:Hōʻike ʻia ka hopena hope ma ke ʻano o ka ʻike a i ʻole ka pākēneka nui o ka mea. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau hopena i nā noi like ʻole, me ka ʻepekema honua, ka nānā ʻana i ke kaiapuni, ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka meaʻai, ka noiʻi olakino, etc.
ʻO ka ICP-MS kahi ʻenehana kūpono a paʻakikī i kūpono no ka nānā ʻana i nā mea he nui, me ka yttrium. Eia nō naʻe, pono ia i nā mea hana paʻakikī a me ka ʻike, no laila e hana mau ʻia i loko o kahi keʻena hana a i ʻole ke kikowaena loiloi ʻoihana. Ma ka hana maoli, pono e koho i ke ʻano ana kūpono e like me nā pono kikoʻī o ka pūnaewele. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau ʻano i ka nānā ʻana a me ka ʻike ʻana i ka ytterbium i nā laboratories a me nā ʻoihana.
Ma hope o ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i ka mea i luna, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻoholo i ka yttrium he mea kemika hoihoi loa me nā ʻano kino kino a me nā waiwai kemika, he mea nui ia i ka noiʻi ʻepekema a me nā kahua noi. ʻOiai ua holomua mākou i ko mākou ʻike ʻana, aia nō nā nīnau he nui e pono ai ka noiʻi a me ka ʻimi ʻana. Manaʻo wau e hiki i kā mākou hoʻolauna ke kōkua i ka poʻe heluhelu e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i kēia mea hoihoi a hoʻoulu i ke aloha o kēlā me kēia kanaka i ka ʻepekema a me ka hoihoi i ka ʻimi ʻana.
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Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-28-2024