Ceriumyog ib tug grey thiab cus ciav hlau nrog ib tug ceev ntawm 6.9g / cm3 (cubic crystal), 6.7g / cm3 (hexagonal siv lead ua), melting point ntawm 795 ℃, boiling point ntawm 3443 ℃, thiab ductility. Nws yog cov hlau uas muaj ntau tshaj plaws lanthanide. Bent cerium strips feem ntau txaws sparks.
Ceriumyog yooj yim oxidized nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub thiab poob nws luster nyob rau hauv cov huab cua. Nws tuaj yeem raug kub hnyiab hauv huab cua los ntawm kev txhuam nrog rab riam (ntshiab cerium tsis tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo, tab sis nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau spontaneous combustion thaum me ntsis oxidized los yog alloyed nrog hlau). Thaum rhuab, nws hlawv hauv huab cua los tsim ceria. Muaj peev xwm hnov mob nrog dej kub los tsim cerium hydroxide, soluble hauv acid tab sis insoluble hauv alkali.
1 、 Qhov tsis meej ntawm cerium keeb
Cerium,nrog tus lej atomic ntawm 58, belongs rautsawg ntiaj teb yamthiab yog lanthanide element nyob rau hauv pab pawg IIIB ntawm lub thib rau lub sij hawm system. Nws lub cim tseem ceeb yogCe, thiab nws yog ib tug silver grey active hlau. Nws cov hmoov yog nquag spontaneous combustion nyob rau hauv cov huab cua thiab yog yooj yim soluble nyob rau hauv acids thiab txo tus neeg sawv cev. Lub npe cerium los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm cerium nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust yog hais txog 0.0046%, ua rau nws muaj ntau tshaj plaws tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb keeb.
Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj keeb tsev neeg, cerium yog undoubtedly "tus tij laug". Ua ntej, tag nrho cov kev nplua nuj ntawm cov av tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb pob zeb yog 238 ppm, nrog rau cerium accounting rau 68 ppm, uas yog 28% ntawm tag nrho cov tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb faib thiab nyob qib thawj; Qhov thib ob, cerium yog qhov thib ob tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb keeb pom tau cuaj xyoo tom qab kev tshawb pom ntawmyttriumnyob rau hauv 1794. Tam sim no, cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tau hloov kho, koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv lub vev xaib rauxov xwm lag luam.
2, Kev siv tseem ceeb ntawm cerium
1. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo ib puag ncig, nrog rau daim ntawv thov sawv cev tshaj plaws yog automotive pa purification catalysts. Ntxiv cerium rau feem ntau siv ternary catalysts ntawm precious hlau xws li platinum, rhodium, palladium, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem txhim kho catalyst kev ua tau zoo thiab txo cov nqi ntawm cov khoom siv hlau zoo. Cov pa phem tseem ceeb hauv cov pa roj carbon monoxide yog carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, thiab ammonia oxides, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tib neeg hematopoietic system, tsim cov pa luam yeeb photochemical, thiab tsim cov carcinogens, ua rau tib neeg, tsiaj txhu, thiab nroj tsuag puas tsuaj. Lub tshuab ternary purification tuaj yeem ua tiav oxidize hydrocarbons thiab carbon monoxide los tsim carbon dioxide thiab dej, thiab decompose oxides rau hauv ammonia thiab oxygen (li no lub npe ternary catalysis).
2. Hloov cov hlau tsis zoo: Cerium sulfide tuaj yeem hloov cov hlau xws li txhuas thiab cadmium uas tsim kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg los ua cov xim liab rau cov yas. Nws kuj tseem siv tau rau hauv kev lag luam xws li coatings, inks, thiab ntawv. Organic compounds xws li cerium nplua nuj lub teeb tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb cyclic acid ntsev kuj yog siv los ua cov xim ziab khaub ncaws, PVC yas stabilizers, thiab MC nylon modifiers. Lawv tuaj yeem hloov cov tshuaj lom xws li txhuas ntsev thiab txo cov khoom kim xws li cov ntsev ntsev. 3. Cog kev loj hlob regulators, feem ntau lub teeb tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb cov ntsiab lus xws li cerium, tuaj yeem txhim kho cov qoob loo zoo, nce yield, thiab txhim kho cov qoob loo kev ntxhov siab. Siv los ua ib qho khoom noj ntxiv, nws tuaj yeem ua rau cov qe ntau lawm ntawm cov nqaij qaib thiab kev ciaj sia ntawm cov ntses thiab cws ua liaj ua teb, thiab tseem txhim kho cov ntaub plaub zoo ntawm cov yaj plaub ntev.
3, Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cerium
1.Cerium oxide- ib qho tshuaj inorganic nrog cov tshuaj formulaCeO 2, lub teeb daj lossis daj xim av auxiliary hmoov. Qhov ceev 7.13g / cm3, melting point 2397 ℃, insoluble nyob rau hauv dej thiab alkali, me ntsis soluble nyob rau hauv acid. Nws qhov kev ua tau zoo suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv polishing, catalysts, catalyst carriers (additives), ultraviolet absorbers, roj cell electrolytes, automotive exhaust absorbers, electronic ceramics, thiab lwm yam.
2. Cerium sulfide - nrog rau cov mis molecular CeS, yog ib tug tshiab ntsuab thiab environmentally phooj ywg liab pigment siv nyob rau hauv cov teb ntawm plastics, coatings, xim, pigments, thiab lwm yam. Raws li inorganic pigments, nws muaj zog coloring zog, kaj xim, zoo kub kuj, lub teeb kuj, huab cua kuj, zoo heev npog lub hwj chim, tsis tsiv teb tsaws, thiab yog ib tug zoo heev hloov khoom rau hnyav hlau inorganic pigments xws li cadmium liab.
3. Cerium chloride- tseem hu ua cerium trichloride, yog ib qho anhydrouscerium chloridelos yog ib qho hydrated compound ntawm cerium chloride uas ua rau lub qhov muag, ua pa, thiab tawv nqaij. Siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam xws li roj av catalysts, automotive pa catalysts, intermediate compounds, thiab kuj nyob rau hauv zus tau tej covcerium hlau.
Post lub sij hawm: Sep-12-2024