Gadolinium, Element 64 ntawm lub rooj ntu.
Lanthanide hauv lub rooj ntu yog tsev neeg coob, thiab lawv cov tshuaj lom neeg zoo heev rau ib leeg, yog li nws nyuaj rau cais lawv. Hauv 1789, Finnish Chemist John Gadolin tau txais cov hlau oxide thiab nrhiav thawj zaug tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig oxide -Yttrium (III) oxideLos ntawm kev tsom xam, qhib kev kuaj xyuas keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj. Xyoo 1880, Swedish Science Demeriak nrhiav pom ob qho tshiab, ib qho ntawm cov uas tau lees tias yogsamar, thiab lwm qhov tau raug txheeb xyuas tias yog lub caij tshiab, gadolinium, tom qab tau ua kom huv los ntawm french Chemuwa Bodeland.
Gadolinium caij keeb kwm los ntawm silicon berichlium gadolinium ore, mos nyob rau hauv kev ntxhib los mos, sib nqus ntawm chav sov, thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb. Nws yog qhov ruaj khov nyob rau hauv cov huab cua qhuav, tab sis loses nws cov lus nyob rau hauv cov av noo, sib sau ua xoob thiab yooj yim flake zoo li dawb oxides. Thaum hlawv hauv huab cua, nws tuaj yeem tsim cov xim dawb. Gadolinium reacts maj mam nrog dej thiab tuaj yeem yaj hauv cov kua qaub los ua cov ntsev tsis muaj xim. Nws cov tshuaj chemical yog qhov zoo heev rau lwm cov lus hauv paus, tab sis nws cov khoom kho qhov muag thiab sib nqus yog txawv me ntsis. Gadolinium yog paramagnetism ntawm chav tsev kub thiab ferrigagnetic tom qab txias. Nws cov yam ntxwv tuaj yeem siv los txhim kho cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov.
Siv Paramagnetism ntawm Gadolinium, Gadolinium tus neeg sawv cev tau ua tus neeg sawv cev zoo rau NMR. Qhov kev tshawb fawb tus kheej ntawm kev ua yeeb yam sib nqus Nuclear kev yees duab tau pib, thiab muaj 6 Nobel muaj feem cuam cuam tshuam nrog nws. Nuclear sib nqus kev rov pib dua yog feem ntau yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov lus tsa suab kiv ntawm atomic nuclei, thiab cov lus tsa suab kiv ntawm txawv atomic nuclei txawv. Raws li cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tau tawm los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov qauv sib txawv, thiab hom ntawm cov qauv hauv cov duab sab hauv, thiab cov qauv sab hauv ntawm cov khoom tuaj yeem kos tau. Raws li kev ua ntawm daim teb sib nqus, lub teeb liab ntawm Nuclear Sib Tw Duab thev naus laus zis los ntawm cov atomic nuclei, xws li hydrogen nuclei hauv dej. Txawm li cas los xij, cov spin muaj peev xwm rhuab hauv RF teb resonance, uas feem ntau tsis muaj zog ntawm lub teeb liab ntawm kev rov ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis. Gadolinium Ion tsis tsuas yog muaj lub zog muaj zog heev, txhim kho kev paub txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, tab sis kuj tseem ceeb ua kom txias. Txawm li cas los xij, Gadolinium muaj qee qhov toxicity, thiab hauv tshuaj, chelating liigands tau siv los encapsulate gadolinium ions los tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev nkag mus rau tib neeg cov nqaij.
Gadolinium muaj cov nyhuv magnetocaloric muaj zog nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, thiab nws qhov kub sib txawv nrog cov kev sib nqus, uas nqa ib qho kev thov nthuav dav - sib nqus tub yees. Thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem tub yees, vim yog kev taw qhia ntawm cov hlau nplaum dipole, cov khoom sib nqus yuav ua kom sov hauv qab cov sib nqus sab nraud sib nqus. Thaum lub tiaj sib nqus tau muab tshem tawm thiab insulated, cov khoom kub txo qis dua. Hom kev sib nqus no tuaj yeem txo cov tub yees xws li Freon thiab txias nrawm. Tam sim no, lub ntiaj teb tab tom sim tsim kev siv ntawm gadolinium thiab nws cov alloys hauv daim teb no, thiab tsim cov tshuab txias me thiab ua kom muaj zog me me. Nyob rau hauv kev siv gadolinium, ultra-tsawg kub tuaj yeem ua tiav, yog li gadolinium tseem hu ua "tus tub txias tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb".
Gadolinium isotopes GD-155 thiab GD-157 muaj qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab ntawm txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm nuclear reactors. Yog li, gadolinium raws li lub teeb Reactors thiab Gadolinium tswj tus pas nrig, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nyab xeeb ntawm nuclear reactors thaum txo cov nqi.
Gadolinium kuj muaj cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua kom kho tau tus kheej kho qhov muag, tseem hu ua lub teeb ci ntsa iab. Hom teeb-emitting ntawm no tsis tsuas yog tso cai rau lub teeb kom hla hauv ib qho kev xav ntawm echoes ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag thiab txhim kho kev kis tau hluav taws xob ntawm lub teeb. Gadolinium Gallium Gallium Guanet yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws substrate cov ntaub ntawv rau ua qhov kho kom zoo nkauj.
Lub Sijhawm Post: Jul-06-2023