Holmium caij thiab cov qauv kuaj pom ib txwm muaj
Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub rooj ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj, muaj ib qho khoom hu uaHolmium, uas yog cov hlau tsis tshua muaj. Cov ntsiab lus no yog cov khoom siv ntawm chav sov thiab muaj lub siab melting taw tes thiab boiling point. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis yog qhov ntxim nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm Holmium caij. Nws cov ntxim nyiam tiag tiag dag nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias thaum nws zoo siab, nws emits lub teeb ntsuab zoo nkauj. Lub caij holmium nyob rau hauv lub xeev zoo siab no yog zoo li lub ntsej muag ntsuab, zoo nkauj thiab tsis paub. Tib neeg muaj qhov luv luv keeb kwm ntawm cov kev txawj ntse tsawg Thaum kawm cov neeg tsis huv erbium, nws nyiam saib holmium los ntawm kev tshem tawmyttriumthiabscandiumCov. Nws tis npe rau xim av Holmia (Latin lub npe rau Stockholm) thiab cov khoom ntsuab ntsuab thulia. Nws mam li sib cais sib cais dysprosium los cais Holmium.in lub rooj noj tshuaj, Holmium muaj qee qhov muaj txiaj ntsig thiab siv tau. Holmium yog lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj zog nrog cov hlau nplaum heev, yog li nws feem ntau siv los ua cov khoom sib nqus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Holmium kuj tseem muaj cov khoom siv siab tshiab, ua rau nws cov khoom siv zoo rau kev siv cov khoom siv kho thiab kho qhov muag. Ib qho ntxiv, Holmium tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov teb ntawm cov tshuaj, lub zog, thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Niaj hnub no, cia peb taug kev mus rau hauv lub caij no tej yam yees siv nrog ntau cov ntawv thov - Holmium. Tshawb saib nws cov mysteries thiab xav tias nws txoj kev koom tes zoo rau tib neeg zej zog.
Daim Ntawv Thov Ntawm Holmium caij
Holmium yog tshuaj lom neeg nrog ib tus lej atomic naj npawb ntawm 67 thiab belongs rau hauv lub caj dab series. Cov hauv qab no yog cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws rau qee cov ntawv thov ntawm Holmium caij:
1. Holmium Magnet:Holmium muaj cov khoom sib nqus zoo thiab yog siv dav siv raws li cov khoom siv rau ua cov hlau nplaum. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv high-kub superconductivity tshawb fawb, holmium hlau nplaum feem ntau yog siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv rau superconductors kom txhim kho cov sib nqus teb ntawm superconductors.
2. Holmium iav:Holmium tuaj yeem muab cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb thiab yog siv los ua Holmium iav lasers. Holmium lasers tau siv dav hauv cov tshuaj thiab kev lag luam, thiab tuaj yeem siv los kho kab mob qhov muag, txiav cov khoom siv hlau thiab lwm yam khoom, thiab lwm yam.
3. Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam Nuclear:Holmium cov isotope Holmium-165 muaj ib qho siab Neutron-165 muaj ib qho los tswj cov neutron flux thiab fais fab faib ntawm cov tshuaj tua hluav taws xob nuclear.
4. Cov khoom siv kho muag khoom: Holmium kuj muaj qee cov ntawv thov hauv WaveTical wave, photodetectors, modulators, modulators, thiab lwm yam hauv Kev Sib Txuas Lus Fiber.
5. Cov ntaub ntawv fluorescent:Holmium sib txuas yuav siv tau cov ntaub ntawv fluorescent los tsim cov roj fluorescent, cov tshuaj fluorescent thiab fluorescent ntsuas fluorescent.6. Hlau alloys:Holmium tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv rau lwm cov hlau kom ua cov alloys txhawm rau txhim kho lub thermal stability, corrosion tsis kam thiab vuam ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau. Nws yog feem ntau siv los tsim cov tshuab tshuab hluav taws xob, cov tshuab tsheb thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj chemical. Holmium muaj cov kev thov tseem ceeb hauv cov hlau nplaum, iav lasers, kev lag luam nuclear lub zog, khoom siv kho kho kom zoo nkauj thiab cov hlau roj.
Cov yam ntxwv lub cev ntawm Holmium caij
1. Atomic qauv: cov qauv atomic ntawm Holmium yog muaj txog 67 electrons. Hauv nws cov hluav taws xob teeb tsa, muaj 2 lub tshuab hluav taws xob hauv txheej txheej txheej thib ob, 8 tshuab hluav taws xob hauv txheej thib peb, thiab 29 electrons hauv plaub txheej. Yog li ntawd, muaj 2 lone khub ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob hauv txheej sab nraud.
2. Ceev thiab Hardness: Lub ntom ntom ntawm holmium yog 8.78 g / cm3, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Nws lub hardness yog hais txog 5.4 mohs hardness.
3. Melting taw tes thiab boiling taw tes: lub poelting point ntawm holmium yog kwv yees li 1474 degrees Celsius thiab lub boiling point yog hais txog 2695 degrees Celsius.
4. Magnetism: Holmium yog hlau nrog cov hlau nplaum zoo. Nws qhia ferromagnetism ntawm tsawg kub, tab sis maj mam poob nws cov hlauetism ntawm qhov kub. Lub magnetism ntawm Holmium ua rau nws tseem ceeb hauv cov ntawv thov magnet thiab hauv kev kub siab superconductivity tshawb.
5. Holmium qhia pom tseeb kev nqus thiab cov kab pa tawm hauv cov kab pom kev pom. Nws cov kab tawm yog nyob rau hauv ntsuab thiab liab liab pom zoo, ua rau Holmium tebchaw feem ntau muaj xim ntsuab lossis xim liab.
6. Thermal conductivity: Holmium muaj qhov tseem ceeb thermal conductivity ntawm txog 16.2 w / minelvin. Qhov no ua rau Holmium muaj txiaj ntsig hauv qee cov ntawv thov uas xav tau cov thermal zoo heev. Holmium yog cov hlau nrog lub ntom ntom ntom ntom, hardness thiab magnetism. Nws ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov hlau nplaum, qhov siab-kub superconductors, spectroscopy thiab thermal conductivity.
Tshuaj lom neeg cov khoom ntawm Holmium
1. Ashivity: Holmium yog cov hlau ruaj khov uas cuam tshuam qeeb nrog feem ntau tsis yog xim hlau thiab cov kua qaub. Nws tsis hnov mob nrog huab cua thiab dej ntawm chav tsev kub, tab sis thaum rhuab mus rau qhov kub siab, nws hnov mob nrog cov pa hauv huab cua kom ua holmium oxide.
2. Solubility: Holmium muaj cov solubility zoo hauv cov kua qaub, nitric acid thiab hydrochloric acid los tsim cov ntsev hydts.
3. Oxidation State: Oxidation Xeev ntawm Holmium feem ntau +3. Nws tuaj yeem tsim ntau yam sib xyaw, xws li oxides (Ho2o3), Chlorides (Hocl3), sulfates (Ho2 (so4) 3), thiab lwm yam ntxiv, Holmium tseem tuaj yeem nthuav tawm oxidation xeev li +2, +4 thiab +5, tab sis cov nogidation no muaj tsawg dua.
4. Cov lus: Holmium tuaj yeem tsim ntau yam ntawm cov nyom, qhov feem ntau ntawm cov uas yog cov complexes nyob rau Holmium (III) ions. Cov complex no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tshuaj lom neeg, catalysts thiab biochemical kev tshawb fawb.
5. Ashivity: Holmium feem ntau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj. Nws tuaj yeem koom nrog ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg xws li oxidation-txo cov kev cuam tshuam, kev ua kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb. Holmium yog cov hlau ruaj khov, thiab nws cov tshuaj lom neeg yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsawg, zoo solubility, ntau yam ntawm ntau yam nyuaj. Cov yam ntxwv no ua Holmium dav siv hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg, kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm, thiab kev tshawb fawb biochemical.
Kev muaj txuj ci biological ntawm Holmium
Cov khoom siv xyoob ntawm Holmium tau muaj me ntsis kawm, thiab cov ntaub ntawv peb paub kom txog thaum muaj txwv. Hauv qab no yog qee qhov ntawm cov khoom ntawm Holmium hauv cov kab muaj sia:
1. Bioavailability: Holmium yog qhov tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv qhov xwm, yog li nws cov ntsiab lus hauv cov kab muaj sia yog tsawg heev. Holmium muaj cov tsis zoo bioavailability, uas yog, tus kab mob muaj peev xwm txwv, yog ib qho ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Holmium hauv tib neeg lub cev tsis to taub.
2. Physiological muaj nuj nqi: txawm hais tias muaj kev paub tsawg ntawm Holmium, kev tshawb fawb tau koom nrog qee qhov tseem ceeb biochemical cov txheej txheem hauv tib neeg lub cev. Cov kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tau pom tias Holmium yuav cuam tshuam nrog pob txha thiab cov leeg mob, tab sis cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb tseem tsis meej.
3. Toxicity: Vim nws cov Bioavailability, Holmium muaj cov tshuaj lom tsawg rau tib neeg lub cev. Hauv kev tshawb nrhiav cov kev tshawb fawb tsiaj, raug rau cov kev ua kom muaj kev puas tsuaj rau daim siab thiab lub raum tsis zoo ntawm Holmium yog tsawg. Kev lom neeg cov khoom ntawm Holmium hauv cov muaj sia muaj sia tseem tsis tau nkag siab. Kev tshawb fawb tam sim no tsom rau nws cov haujlwm muaj peev xwm ua tau thiab muaj kuab lom rau cov muaj sia sia. Nrog kev nce qib nruam ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov khoom siv xyoob ntawm Holmium yuav txuas ntxiv kom tob zuj zus.
Ntuj faib ntawm Holmium
Kev faib tawm ntawm Holmium nyob rau hauv qhov yog tsawg heev, thiab nws yog ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus nrog cov ntsiab lus tsawg hauv lub ntiaj teb crust. Hauv qab no yog kev faib tawm Holmium hauv xwm:
1. Kev faib tawm hauv lub ntiaj teb kev ua kaub puab: Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Holmium hauv lub ntiaj teb crust yog li 1.3ppm (seem ib lab), uas yog qhov tsis tshua muaj keeb kwm hauv ntiaj teb. Txawm hais tias nws cov ntsiab lus tsawg, Holmium tuaj yeem nrhiav tau hauv qee cov pob zeb thiab ores, xws li ores uas muaj lub ntiaj teb tsawg.
2. Nqa cov zaub mov: Holmium feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv ores nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm oxides, xws li Holmium oxide (Ho2o3). Ho2o3 yog aTsawg lub ntiaj teb oxideore uas muaj lub siab siab ntawm holmium.
3. Kev sib xyaw ua ke: Holmium feem ntau coexists nrog lwm cov hauv ntiaj teb tsawg thiab ib feem ntawm cov nyom ntawm cov lus qhia. Nws tuaj yeem muaj nyob hauv cov xwm hauv daim ntawv ntawm oxides, sulfates, carbonates, thiab lwm yam.
4. Thaj chaw ntawm kev faib tawm: Kev faib tawm ntawm Holmium yog qhov sib xws nyob thoob plaws ntiaj teb, tab sis nws cov khoom lag luam yog tsawg heev. Qee lub tebchaws muaj qee cov peev txheej Holmium, xws li Suav teb, Australia, thiab lwm yam. Txawm hais tias cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj, nws cov kauj nrog lwm cov hauv ntiaj teb tsawg thiab tuaj yeem nrhiav tau hauv qee qhov chaw geological. Vim tias nws qhov kev tsis txaus siab thiab cov kev txwv kev txwv, qhov tsuas thiab siv rau Holmium yog qhov nyuaj.
Extraction thiab smelting ntawm Holmium caij
Holmium yog lub hauv ntiaj teb tsawg, thiab nws cov kev siv thiab cov txheej txheem extraction zoo ib yam li lwm yam tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb. Cov hauv qab no yog cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws rau txoj kev tsuas thiab cov txheej txheem rho tawm ntawm Holmium lub caij:
1. Tshawb nrhiav Holmium Ore: Holmium tuaj yeem nrhiav tau hauv lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj zog ores, thiab cov qauv Holmium suav nrog Oxide ores. Cov ores no yuav muaj nyob rau hauv av lossis qhib-qhov ntxhia tso nyiaj.
2. Kev sib tsoo thiab kev sib tsoo ntawm ore: Tom qab Tsuas, Holmium Ore yuav tsum tau tsoo thiab av ua cov nplais me thiab ua kom zoo nkauj.
3. Ntxhuav: Sib cais ntawm Holmium ore los ntawm lwm cov impurities los ntawm cov qauv flotation. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem frotation, diluent thiab ua npuasy tus neeg sawv cev feem ntau siv los ua Holmium ore ntab rau ntawm cov kua thiab tom qab ua kev kho mob lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg.
4. Hydration: Tom qab flotation, Holmium Ore yuav yov kev kho dej kom nws tig mus rau hauv Holmium ntsev. Kev kho cov dej haus cawv feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev siv tshuaj ee nrog dilute acid daws teeb meem Holmium acid ntsev.
5. Nim nag thiab pom: Los ntawm kev kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, lub holmium hauv cov ntsev Holmium acid yog nag ntsis. Tom qab ntawd, lim cov nag los cais cov ntshiab Holmium nag lossis daus.
6. Cotheej: Holmium precipitates yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev kho edination. Cov txheej txheem no cuam tshuam rau cua sov lub holmium preagitate mus rau qhov kub siab kom hloov nws mus rau Holmium oxide.
7. Txo: Holmium oxide undergoes txo kev kho mob los hloov pauv mus rau hauv hlau molmium. Feem ntau, txo cov neeg sawv cev (xws li hydrogen) yog siv rau kev txo qis raws li cov kev mob siab. 8. Kev ua kom zoo dua: Cov neeg txo cov hlau txo lwm tus yuav muaj lwm cov impurities thiab xav tau ua kom zoo nkauj thiab ua kom huv. Refining cov hau kev suav nrog cov kuab tshuaj extraction, electrolysis, thiab txo cov tshuaj lom neeg. Tom qab cov kauj ruam saum toj no, cov kev coj siab zooHolmium hlautuaj yeem tau txais. Cov tshuaj holmium no tuaj yeem siv rau kev npaj ntawm alloys, cov ntaub ntawv sib nqus, kev lag luam nuclear, thiab cov khoom siv laser. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias txoj kev sib khuav thiab cov txheej txheem rho tawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab yuav tsum tau ua tiav cov thev naus laus zis thiab cov nqi qis.
Kev kuaj pom txoj hauv kev ntawm Holmium caij
1. Atomic nqus tau spectrometry (AAS): atomic nqus cov qauv uas siv yoj testatetations ntau ntau kom txiav txim siab ntawm holmium hauv ib qho qauv. Nws atomizing cov hnoos qeev kom raug sim nyob rau hauv cov nplaim taws, thiab tom qab ntawd ntsuas kev nqus cov kev nqus Holmium hauv cov qauv los ntawm lub spectrometer. Hom no yog tsim nyog rau kev kuaj pom ntawm Holmium ntawm ntau dua cov kev xav.
2. Kev txuas hniav kho qhov muag kho kho qhov muag kho qhov muag kho kho qhov muag kho tshiab Nws atomizing cov qauv thiab ua cov ntshav ntshav los ntsuas cov nthwv dej tshwj xeeb thiab kev siv holmium emission hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob.
3. Txoj kev sib txuas ntshav ntau heev (ICP-ms): inductiving txuas ntxiv thiab kev txiav txim siab siab thiab kev txheeb xyuas kev txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb thiab lw kev txheeb xyuas keeb kwm. Nws attract cov qauv thiab ua cov ntshav ntshav los ntsuas qhov loj-rau-them piv ntawm Holmium hauv cov huab cua loj heev.
4. X-ay fluorescence spectrometry (XRF): X-Tshav Fluorescence Spectrometry siv cov qauv fluorescence uas tsim los ntawm cov qauv tom qab koj muaj hluav taws xob los soj ntsuam cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus. Nws tuaj yeem sai thiab tsis muaj kev txiav txim siab cov ntsiab lus Holmium hauv cov qauv. Cov hau kev no tau siv dav hauv chaw soj ntsuam thiab chaw lag luam rau kev ntsuas thiab kev tswj xyuas zoo ntawm holmium. Cov kev xaiv ntawm cov qauv tsim nyog yog nyob ntawm yam xws li hom qauv qauv xws li hom qauv qauv xws li cov qauv kuaj pom thiab kev tshuaj xyuas qhov tseeb.
Cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb ntawm Holmium atomic haum txoj kev
Nyob rau hauv kev ntsuas kev ntsuas me me, atomic haum cov qauv muaj qhov tseeb thiab rhiab thiab muab cov ntsiab lus sib xyaw ua ke los ntsuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm holmium. Cov kauj ruam tshwj xeeb yog raws li hauv qab no: Npaj cov qauv ntsuas kom ntsuas tau. Npaj cov qauv uas tau ntsuas rau hauv kev daws teeb meem, uas feem ntau yuav tsum tau zom nrog cov kua qaub sib xyaw rau kev ntsuas ntxiv. Xaiv ib qho tsim nyog atomic nqus spectrometer. Raws li cov khoom ntawm cov qauv uas tau ntsuas thiab cov ntsiab lus Holmium kom raug ntsuas, xaiv ib qho tsim nyog attract kev nqus spectrometer. Kho cov kev ntsuas ntawm cov atomic nqus spectrometer. Raws li lub ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau ntsuas thiab ntsuas cov qauv ntawm cov teeb tsa nruab nrab, suav nrog lub teeb nqus, xws li atret, ntsuas, ntsuas qhov nqus ntawm holmium. Tso cov qauv ntsuas kom ntsuas hauv cov atomizer, thiab emit teeb hluav taws xob ntawm lub rooj zaum tshwj xeeb los ntawm lub teeb ci. Lub caij holmium kom raug ntsuas yuav nqus cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob loj thiab tsim hluav taws xob kev hloov zog. Ntsuas cov nqus ntawm Holmium los ntawm cov ntes. Laij cov ntsiab lus ntawm Holmium. Raws li kev nqus thiab kev nkhaus ua, cov ntsiab lus ntawm Holmium yog xam. Cov hauv qab no yog cov tsis tau siv los ntawm kev ntsuas los ntsuas Holmium.
Holmium (ho) qauv: Holmium oxide (ntsuas qib).
Txoj kev: Qhov hnyav 1.145G Ho2O3, yaj hauv 20lrute did, dilutation ntawm Ho hauv txoj kev daws teeb meem no yog 1000μg / ml. Khaws rau hauv polyethylene lub raj mis khiav tawm ntawm lub teeb.
Cov Nplaim Hom: Nitrous Oxide-acetylene, Paj Nruag Nplaim
Kev soj ntsuam cov lus: wavelength (nm) 410.4 spectral bandwidth (NM) 0.2
Lim coefficicic 0.6 pom zoo teeb Tam sim no (ma) 6
Kev Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob Tsis Zoo (V) 384.5
Qhov siab ntawm Combustion taub hau (hli) 12
Lub sij hawm ua ke 3
Cua siab thiab txaus (mp, ml / min) 0.25, 5000
Nitrous oxide siab thiab txaus (mp, ml / min) 0.22, 5000
Acetylene siab thiab txaus (mp, ml / min) 0.1, 4500
Linear correlation coefficient 0.9980
Cwj pwm kev xav (μg / ml) 0.841
Xam cov qauv txuas ntxiv qauv acid acidity 0.5%
HCL ntsuas cov lus:
Calibration nkhaus:
Kev cuam tshuam: Holmium yog ib nrab ionized nyob rau hauv nitrous oxide-acetylene nplaim hluav taws. Ntxiv cov poov tshuaj nitrate lossis poov tshuaj tshuaj dawb rau ib tug kawg potassium concentration ntawm 20004g / ml tuaj yeem inhibit ionization ntawm holmium. Hauv kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xaiv ib txoj kev ntsuas kom haum raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm lub xaib. Cov hau kev no tau siv dav hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cadmium hauv Chaw Haujlwm thiab Kev Lag Luam.
Holmium tau pom muaj peev xwm zoo hauv ntau thaj teb nrog nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb thiab ntau ntawm kev siv. Los ntawm kev nkag siab txog keeb kwm, kev pom cov txheej txheem,Qhov tseem ceeb thiab kev thov ntawm Holmium, peb tuaj yeem nkag siab zoo dua qhov tseem ceeb thiab tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tshiab no. Cia peb tos ntsoov rau Holmium ua rau tib neeg lub siab nyiam thiab ua kom muaj kev pab ntau dua los txhawb kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho kev nce qib thiab kev txhim kho kom ruaj khov.
Xav paub ntau ntxiv lossis nug Holmium Holmium tos txaisTiv Tauj Peb
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Lub Sijhawm Post: Nov-13-2024