Lanthanum, element 57 of the periodic table.
Txhawm rau ua kom lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus zoo sib haum xeeb, tib neeg tau tawm 15 yam ntawm cov ntsiab lus, suav nrog lanthanum, uas nws tus lej Atomic nce ntxiv, thiab muab lawv cais hauv qab lub sijhawm. Lawv cov tshuaj lom neeg zoo sib xws. Lawv faib peb lub lattice nyob rau hauv thib rau kab ntawm lub sij hawm lub sij hawm, uas yog collectively hu ua "Lanthanide" thiab belongs rau "tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb ntsiab". Raws li lub npe qhia, cov ntsiab lus ntawm lanthanum nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust yog tsawg heev, thib ob tsuas yog cerium.
Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1838, Swedish chemist Mossander tau xa mus rau cov oxide tshiab li lanthanide ntiaj teb thiab lub caij ua lanthanum. Txawm hais tias qhov xaus tau lees paub los ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb, Mossander tseem muaj kev tsis ntseeg txog nws cov txiaj ntsig tau tshaj tawm vim nws pom cov xim sib txawv hauv qhov kev sim: qee zaum lanthanum tshwm hauv cov ntshav liab, qee zaum dawb, thiab qee zaus hauv paj yeeb los ntawm peb yam khoom. Cov xwm txheej no ua rau nws ntseeg tias lanthanum tuaj yeem yog qhov sib xyaw zoo li cerium.
Lanthanum hlauyog ib qho nyiaj dawb mos hlau uas tuaj yeem ua forged, ncab, txiav nrog rab riam, maj mam corrodes nyob rau hauv dej txias, reacts hnyav nyob rau hauv dej kub, thiab muaj peev xwm emit hydrogen gas. Nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ncaj qha nrog ntau yam tsis yog xim hlau xws li carbon, nitrogen, boron, selenium, thiab lwm yam.
Dawb amorphous hmoov thiab nonmagneticLanthanum oxideyog dav siv nyob rau hauv industrial ntau lawm. Tib neeg siv lanthanum es tsis txhob sodium thiab calcium los hloov kho bentonite, tseem hu ua phosphorus locking agent.
Eutrophication ntawm lub cev dej feem ntau yog vim muaj cov phosphorus ntau dhau hauv lub cev dej, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm xiav-ntsuab algae thiab haus cov pa oxygen hauv dej, ua rau cov ntses tuag ntau. Yog tias tsis kho raws sijhawm, cov dej yuav stink thiab dej tsis zoo yuav ua phem dua. Kev tso tawm tas li ntawm cov dej hauv tsev thiab kev siv ntau dhau ntawm phosphorus uas muaj cov chiv tau nce qhov concentration ntawm phosphorus hauv dej. Hloov kho bentonite uas muaj lanthanum ntxiv rau hauv dej thiab tuaj yeem nqus tau ntau tshaj phosphorus hauv dej thaum nws nyob hauv qab. Thaum nws nyob rau hauv qab, nws tseem tuaj yeem tso cov phosphorus ntawm cov av hauv av, tiv thaiv kev tso tawm ntawm phosphorus hauv qab dej sludge, thiab tswj cov phosphorus cov ntsiab lus hauv dej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, nws tuaj yeem ua kom phosphorus keeb los ntes phosphate hauv dej. daim ntawv ntawm hydrates ntawm lanthanum phosphate, yog li ntawd algae tsis tuaj yeem siv phosphorus hauv dej, yog li inhibiting kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm xiav-ntsuab algae, thiab zoo daws cov Eutrophication los ntawm phosphorus nyob rau hauv cov dej sib txawv xws li pas dej, reservoirs thiab dej ntws.
Siab purityLanthanum oxideKuj tseem siv tau los tsim cov lo ntsiab muag precision thiab siab refractive optical fiber boards. Lanthanum kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov cuab yeej pom kev hmo ntuj, kom cov tub rog tuaj yeem ua tiav kev sib ntaus sib tua thaum hmo ntuj thaum nruab hnub. Lanthanum oxide kuj tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov khoom siv ceramic, piezoelectric ceramics thiab X-ray luminescent cov ntaub ntawv.
Thaum tshawb nrhiav lwm cov fossil fuels, tib neeg tau tsom mus rau lub zog huv hydrogen, thiab cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia hydrogen yog tus yuam sij rau kev siv hydrogen. Vim yog qhov hluav taws kub thiab tawg ntawm hydrogen, hydrogen cia lub tog raj kheej tuaj yeem tshwm sim tshwj xeeb clumsy. Los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav tas li, tib neeg pom tias Lanthanum-nickel alloy, cov khoom siv hlau hydrogen, muaj peev xwm ntes tau hydrogen. Nws tuaj yeem ntes hydrogen molecules thiab decompose rau hauv hydrogen atoms, thiab tom qab ntawd khaws cov hydrogen atoms hauv cov hlau lattice sib txawv los ua cov hlau hydride. Thaum cov hlau hydrides tau ua kom sov, lawv yuav decompose thiab tso tawm hydrogen, uas yog sib npaug rau lub thawv rau khaws cia hydrogen, tab sis lub ntim thiab qhov hnyav yog me dua li cov hlau thooj voos kheej kheej, yog li lawv tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv anode rau rechargeable Nickel. -hlau hydride roj teeb thiab hybrid hluav taws xob tsheb.
Post lub sij hawm: Aug-01-2023