Hafniumtuaj yeem tsim cov alloys nrog lwm cov hlau, feem ntau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm uas yog hafnium tantalum alloy, xws li pentacarbide tetratantalum thiab hafnium (Ta4HfC5), uas muaj lub siab melting point. Lub melting point ntawm pentacarbide tetratantalum thiab hafnium tuaj yeem ncav cuag 4215 ℃, ua rau nws tam sim no paub cov khoom nrog lub siab tshaj plaws melting point.
Hafnium, nrog rau cov cim tshuaj Hf, yog cov khoom siv hlau uas muaj nyob rau hauv kev hloov pauv hlau. Nws lub ntsiab tsos yog silver grey thiab muaj ib tug metallic luster. Nws muaj Mohs hardness ntawm 5.5, melting point ntawm 2233 ℃, thiab yog yas. Hafnium tuaj yeem tsim cov oxide txheej hauv huab cua, thiab nws cov khoom ruaj khov ntawm chav tsev kub. Hmoov hafnium tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv huab cua, thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog oxygen thiab nitrogen ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Hafnium tsis cuam tshuam nrog dej, dilute acids xws li hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, thiab muaj zog alkaline daws. Nws yog soluble nyob rau hauv muaj zog acids xws li aqua regia thiab hydrofluoric acid, thiab muaj zoo heev corrosion kuj.
Lub ntsiabhafniumtau tshawb pom nyob rau xyoo 1923. Hafnium muaj cov ntsiab lus tsawg hauv lub ntiaj teb crust, tsuas yog 0.00045%. Nws feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog hlau zirconium thiab tsis muaj cov ores cais. Hafnium tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv feem ntau zirconium mines, xws li beryllium zircon, zircon, thiab lwm yam minerals. Thawj ob hom ores muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm hafnium tab sis qis qis, thiab zircon yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm hafnium. Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, tag nrho cov reserves ntawm hafnium muaj ntau tshaj 1 lab tons. Lub teb chaws uas muaj cov nyiaj khaws cia loj dua feem ntau suav nrog South Africa, Australia, Tebchaws Meskas, Brazil, Is Nrias teb, thiab lwm thaj chaw. Hafnium mines kuj tau faib rau hauv Guangxi thiab lwm thaj tsam ntawm Tuam Tshoj.
Xyoo 1925, ob tus kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Sweden thiab Netherlands tau tshawb pom cov khoom hafnium thiab npaj cov hlau hafnium siv cov fluorinated complex ntsev fractional crystallization txoj kev thiab cov hlau sodium txo txoj kev. Hafnium muaj ob lub qauv siv lead ua thiab nthuav tawm hexagonal ntom ntim ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hauv qab 1300 ℃ (α- Thaum qhov kub siab tshaj 1300 ℃, nws nthuav tawm raws li lub cev qhov nruab nrab qhov cubic duab (β- Equation). Hafnium kuj tseem muaj rau cov isotopes ruaj khov, uas yog hafnium 174, hafnium 176, hafnium 177, hafnium 178, hafnium 179, thiab hafnium 180. Ntawm lub ntiaj teb teev, Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab Fabkis yog cov neeg tsim khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau hafnium.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm hafnium suav nroghafnium dioxidation muaje (HfO2), Hafnium tetrachloride hmoov (HfCl4), thiab hafnium hydroxide (H4HfO4). Hafnium dioxide thiab hafnium tetrachloride tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov hlauhafnium, hafnium dioxidekuj tseem siv tau los npaj hafnium alloys, thiab hafnium hydroxide tuaj yeem siv los npaj ntau yam sib xyaw hafnium. Hafnium tuaj yeem tsim cov alloys nrog lwm cov hlau, feem ntau tus neeg sawv cev ntawm uas yog hafnium tantalum alloy, xws li pentacarbide tetratantalum thiab hafnium (Ta4HfC5), uas muaj lub siab melting point. Lub melting point ntawm pentacarbide tetratantalum thiab hafnium tuaj yeem ncav cuag 4215 ℃, ua rau nws tam sim no paub cov khoom nrog lub siab tshaj plaws melting point.
Raws li "2022-2026 Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Lag Luam Hlau Hafnium" tso tawm los ntawm Xinsijie Industry Research Center, hlau hafnium tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov teeb ci incandescent, X-ray tube cathodes, thiab processor gate dielectrics. ; Hafnium tungsten alloy thiab hafnium molybdenum alloy tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, thaum hafnium tantalum alloy tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov khoom siv thiab cov cuab yeej steel; carbide (HfC) tuaj yeem siv rau lub foob pob hluav taws thiab lub dav hlau rau pem hauv ntej tiv thaiv txheej, thaum hafnium boride (HfB2) tuaj yeem siv los ua cov hlau kub kub; Tsis tas li ntawd, hlau hafnium muaj qhov loj ntawm neutron absorption cross-section thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua cov khoom siv tswj thiab kev tiv thaiv rau atomic reactors.
Kev lag luam kws tshuaj ntsuam xyuas los ntawm Xinsijie tau hais tias vim nws qhov zoo ntawm oxidation tsis kam, corrosion kuj, kub tsis kam, thiab yooj yim ntawm kev ua, hafnium muaj ntau yam kev siv qis hauv cov hlau, alloys, compounds, thiab lwm yam, xws li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, Cov ntaub ntawv kub-resistant, hard alloy cov ntaub ntawv, thiab atomic zog cov ntaub ntawv. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam xws li cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob, thiab aerospace, daim ntawv thov teb ntawm hafnium tau nthuav dav tas li, thiab cov khoom tshiab tau tshwm sim tas li. Txoj kev loj hlob yav tom ntej yog kev cia siab.
Post lub sij hawm: Sep-27-2023