AFeem ntau meapaphor yog tias yog tias roj yog ntshav ntawm kev lag luam, cesTsis tshua muaj ntiaj tebPuas yog cov vitamin ntawm kev lag luam.
Tsis tshua muaj ntiaj tebyog cov tsiaj ntawv luv ntawm pab pawg ntawm cov hlau.Tsis tshua muaj ntiaj tebNtsiab, RE) tau pom ib qho tom qab lwm txij li thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. Muaj 17 hom of ree, suav nrog 15 li ntawm cov lus uas muaj cov khoom nojlus qhia(La),xiIAB(CE),Preaseymium(Pr),neodymium(ND), Promethium (PM), thiab yog li onat tam sim no, nws tau siv dav hauv ntau cov teb xws li hluav taws xob, petrochemicals thiab metallurgy. Yuav luag txhua txhua 3-5 xyoos, cov kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem tshawb pom cov kev siv tshiab ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsawg, thiab ib qho kev tsim tawm tsis tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawmTsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb.
Tuam Tshoj yog nplua nuj nyob hauvTsis tshua muaj ntiaj tebCov zaub mov, qeb duas ua ntej ntawm peb ntiaj teb: Thawj zaug hauv cov peev txheej, suav nyiaj txog li 23%; Cov zis yog thawj zaug, kev tswj hwm rau 80% mus rau 90% ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsawg dua cov khoom lag luam; Kev muag khoom ntim yog thawj, nrog 60% txog 70% ntawm cov khoom hauv qab ntiaj teb tsawg kawg hauv ntiaj teb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Suav yog tib lub teb chaws uas tuaj yeem muab txhua lub 17 yam tsawg ntawm cov av me me, tshwj xeeb nruab nrab thiab hnyavTsawg lub ntiaj tebNrog kev ua tub rog ua yeeb yam siv.China sib koom ua ke.
Ryog ntiaj tebyog cov khoom siv tswv yim muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, uas yog lub npe hu ua "Industrial morutamate" thiab "niam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab", thiab yog siv dav dav hauv kev txiav tawm hauv kev tshawb fawb-ntug thiab thev naus laus zis. Raws li Ministry of Information thiab cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis, cov ntaub ntawv ua haujlwm xws liTsis tshua muaj ntiaj tebCov hlau nplaum tas mus li, kev lag luam hydrogen thiab catrochemical kev lag luam, tshuab tshiab, kev tiv thaiv tshiab, kev ua liaj ua teb thiab lwm yam kev ua liaj ua teb thiab lwm yam kev ua liaj ua teb thiab lwm yam kev ua liaj ua teb Cov.
Thaum ntxov li xyoo 1983, Nyijpaus tau tshawb pom cov tswv yim pov tseg system kom muaj cov zaub mov tsis tshua muaj, thiab 83% ntawm nws cov tsiaj hauv tsevTsawg lub ntiaj tebTuaj Suav Teb.
Saib ntawm United States dua, nwsTsis tshua muaj ntiaj tebCov peev txheej yog ob txhais lus thib ob xwb, tab sis nwsTsawg lub ntiaj tebyog txhua lub teebTsawg lub ntiaj teb, uas tau muab faib ua hnyavTsawg lub ntiaj tebthiab pom kev tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb. HnyavTsawg lub ntiaj tebyog kim heev, thiab lub teeb tsis tshua muaj chaw nyob rau kuv, uas tau tig mus ua cuavTsis tshua muaj ntiaj tebs los ntawm cov neeg hauv kev lag luam. 80% ntawm pebTsis tshua muaj ntiaj tebKev lag luam tuaj ntawm Suav teb.
Comrade Deng Xiaoping ib zaug hais tias: "Muaj roj nyob hauv Middle East thiabTsawg lub ntiaj tebNyob rau hauv Suav teb. "Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm nws cov lus yog tus kheej-abident tsis muaj peev xwm"Tsis tshua muaj ntiaj tebcov peev txheej, nws tau dhau los ua ib lub tswv yim hauv lub teb chaws hu ua los ntawm ntau tus neeg uas muaj cov tswv yim lofty nyob rau xyoo tsis ntev los no los tiv thaiv muaj nuj nqisTsis tshua muaj ntiaj tebCov peev txheej los ntawm kev muag dig muag thiab xa tawm mus rau Western lub teb chaws. Hauv xyoo 1992, Deng Xiaoping kom meej meej hais tias cov xwm txheej ua ib qho lojTsis tshua muaj ntiaj tebteb chaws.
Sau cov kev siv ntawm 17 tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb
1.lus qhiayog siv nyob rau hauv almoy cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab ua liaj ua teb
2.XiIAByog siv dav hauv cov iav tsheb
3 Preaseymiumyog siv dav hauv ceramic pigments
4.Neodymiumyog siv dav hauv Aerospace cov ntaub ntawv
5 .Qhov chaw muab lub zog pab pawg Satellites
6.Appation ntawmSamarHauv atomic zog reactor
7Huab cuaKev tsim qauv ci thiab ua kua siv lead ua kua
8.GadoliniumTxog Medical Sib Nqus Revonance Duab
9.Terbiumyog siv nyob rau hauv dav hlau tis regulator
10.Hoob laugyog siv nyob rau hauv laser rainfinder hauv cov haujlwm tub rog
11.Dysprosiumyog siv los ua teeb pom kev zoo rau cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab luam ntawv
12.Holmiumyog siv los ua cov khoom sib txuas lus kho qhov muag
13.Thawjyog siv rau kev kuaj mob thiab kho cov qog
14.YtterbiumAdditive rau lub computer nco
15.Application ntawmlitetiumNyob rau hauv Zog roj teeb tshuab
16.Yttriumua cov xov hlau thiab cov khoom siv dav hlau dav hlau
17.Scandiumfeem ntau siv los ua alloys
Cov ntsiab lus yog raws li hauv qab no:
1
Lus qhia(LA)
Hauv kev ua tsov ua rog Gulf, hmo ntuj ua zeem muag ntaus nrogTsis tshua muaj ntiaj teblub ntsiablus qhiatau dhau los ua qhov yooj yim ntawm cov khoom siv US Tank.Qhov saum toj no duab qhiaLanthhanum chlorideHmoov (daim ntawv qhia cov ntaub ntawv)
Lus qhiayog siv dav nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv piezoelecal, cov ntaub ntawv hluav taws xob, cov ntaub ntawv tso quav, cov khoom siv roj nplaum, cov ntaub ntawv zoo, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, thiab lwm yam.Lus qhiatseem siv hauv catalysts rau kev npaj ntawm ntau cov khoom siv organic tshuaj, cov kws tshawb fawb tau muaj npelus qhia"Super calcium" rau nws cov nyhuv ntawm cov qoob loo.
2
XiIAB(CE)
XiIABYuav siv tau ua catalyst, arc electrody thiab iav tshwj xeeb.CERINE ALLOYyog tiv taus cov cua sov siab thiab tuaj yeem siv tau los ua kom lub dav hlau cov khoom siv (cov ntawv qhia cov ntaub ntawv)
(1)XiIAB, raws li lub khob additive, tuaj yeem nqus cov roj av ultraviolet thiab tau txo qis hauv lub tsheb, tab sis kuj tau muab cov hluav taws xob ultraviolet tsis tuaj yeem ntxiv rau txhua lub tsheb iav hauv Nyij Pooj. Xyoo 1996, tsawg kawg 2000 tons ntawm Ceria tau siv hauv cov iav iav, thiab ntau dua 1000 tons hauv Tebchaws Meskas.
(2) tam sim no,xiIABYog siv tsheb hauv kev ua pa tawm huv si catalyst, uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kom tiv thaiv kom muaj tsheb roj tsheb loj ntawm cov pa tawm hauv huab cua. Kev noj ntawmXiIABHauv Tebchaws Meskas Account rau ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho kev noj ntawmTsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb.
(3) Cerium Sulfide tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov pigments es tsis muaj hlau, cadmium thiab lwm yam kev ua kom muaj kev phom sij thiab lwm tus. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau xim plastics, cov kua nplaum, number case thiab ntawv lag luam thiab cov ntawv nthuav tawm, cov tuam txhab ua si Fabkis planck.
(4) CE: Lisaf Laser System yog ib qho khoom siv-lub xeev laser tsim los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas. Nws tuaj yeem siv los txheeb xyuas cov riam phom phom thiab tshuaj los ntawm kev soj ntsuam Tryptophan converration.XiIAByog siv dav hauv ntau thaj teb. Yuav luag txhua daim ntawv thov tsis tshua muajxiIAB.Such li polishing hmoov, hydrogen cia khoom, thermoelectric ntaub ntawv,xiIABLub tshuab hluav taws xob tungsten, cov ceramic Capacitors, Piezoelectric ceramics,xiIAB Silicon CarbideAbrasives, roj cell cov ntaub ntawv raw, roj av catalysts, qee cov hlau nplaum tas mus li, ntau yam tagnrho quav hlau thiab cov hlau tsis muaj hlau.
3
Preaseymium(PR)
(1)Preaseymiumyog siv dav hauv tsev ceramics thiab siv ceramics niaj hnub. Nws tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog lub cav ci ci ua xim ci, thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv ua cov xim sab hauv qab. Tus xim xim yog lub teeb daj nrog cov ntshiab thiab muaj kuab heev.
(2) Nws yog siv los tsim cov hlau nplaum tas li.Using pheej yigPreaseymiumthiabneodymium hlauhloov ntshiabNeodymium hlauTxhawm rau ua cov khoom siv hlau nplaum tas mus li, cov pa oxygen tiv thaiv thiab nws tuaj yeem ua tiav cov hlau nplaum ntawm ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
(3) siv hauv roj av catalytic cracking.Qhov kev ua si, xaiv thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm cov catalyst tuaj yeem txhim kho los ntawm kev ntxiv cov enrichedPreaseymiumthiabneodymiumrau hauv y zeolite molecular sab cib los npaj cov roj av tawg .Cov pib muab tso rau hauv kev lag luam hauv xyoo 1970, thiab kev noj mov yog nce ntxiv.
(4)PreaseymiumKuj tseem siv tau rau cov abrasive polishing.in ntxiv,Preaseymiumyog siv dav hauv kho qhov muag fiber.
4
Neodymium(ND)
Vim li cas thiaj pom M1 pom ua ntej? Lub tank yog nruab nrog ND: YAG laser |
Nrog rau lub hnub yug ntawmPreaseymium,neodymiumlos ua. Lub sijhawm tuaj txog ntawm neodymium qhib lubTsis tshua muaj ntiaj tebteb, tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev teb hauv ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj, thiab cuam tshuam rau covTsis tshua muaj ntiaj tebKev ua lag luam.
Neodymiumtau dhau los ua qhov chaw kub hauv kev ua lag luam tau ntau xyoo vim yog nws txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv thaj teb ntawmtsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb.Tus neeg siv loj tshaj plaws ntawmneodymium hlauyog ndfeb cov khoom lag luam ruaj khov. Kev Tawm Tsam ntawm NDFERA cov hlau nplaum tau txhaj qhov tseem ceeb tshiab rau hauv lub ntiaj teb muaj kev kub ntxhov siab. NdFeB hlau nplaum yog hu ua "tus huab tais ntawm cov hlau nplaum tas mus li" vim hais tias ntawm nws lub zog sib nqus khoom.Nws tau siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tshuab ua tshuab thiab lwm yam kev lag luam rau nws ua tau zoo heev. Cov kev txhim kho zoo ntawm Alpha sib nqus Spectrometer qhia tias cov khoom sib nqus ntawm NDFEpic cov khoom lag luam hauv Suav teb tau nkag mus hauv thoob ntiaj teb chav kawm.Neodymium ikuj siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog ferrous. Ntxiv 1.5-2.5% neodymium rau hauv magnesium lossis txhuas alloy tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias thiab xeb siv raws li cov ntaub ntawv aerospace. Tsis tas li ntawd, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium GARNET cov nqaj luv, uas yog dav siv nyob rau hauv vuam thiab txiav cov ntaub ntawv nyias nrog qis dua 10 hli hauv kev lag luam. Hauv kev kho mob, ND: YAG laser yog siv los tshem tawm kev phais lossis cov tshuaj tua kab mob hloov dua tshiab es tsis txhob siv lub taub hau.NeodymiumKuj tseem siv rau xim iav thiab cov khoom siv tej hub thiab ua cov khoom ntxiv rau cov khoom lag luam roj hmab.
5
Promethium (PM)
Promethium yog ib qho khoom cuav hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm nuclear reactors (daim ntawv qhia cov ntaub ntawv)
(1) tuaj yeem siv los ua cov cua sov. Muab lub zog ntsuas rau lub tshuab nqus tsev kom pom thiab lub tshuab ua cuav.
(2) PM147 emits Tsawg-zog β-rays, uas tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov khoom noj cymbal roj teeb. Raws li lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm cov kev taw qhia cov cuab yeej thiab cov moos. Qhov roj teeb no me me me me thiab tuaj yeem siv txuas ntxiv tau ntau xyoo. Ib qho ntxiv, Promethium kuj siv nyob rau hauv portable x- ray twj, kev ntsuas ntawm cov phosphor, ntsuas tuab thiab cov teeb ci ntsa iab.
6
Samar(Sm)
Hlau Sojarium(Cov ntaub ntawv qhia)
SmYog lub teeb daj, thiab nws yog cov khoom siv raw ntawm SM-CO Tas Lo Lus Hlau nplaum, thiab Sm-CO MEY hlau nplaum yog qhov ntxov tshaj plaws lub ntiaj teb siv hauv kev lag luam. Muaj ob hom hlau nplaum ruaj khov: SMCO5 system thiab SM2CO17 system. Thaum xyoo 1970, SMCO5 system tau tsim, thiab SM2CO17 system tau tsim nyob rau tom qab lub sijhawm tom qab. Tam sim no qhov kev thov ntawm tom kawg tau muab ua ntej. Purity ntawmSamarium oxidesiv nyob rau hauvsamarCobalt cov hlau nplaum tsis tas yuav dhau. Xav txog tus nqi, feem ntau yog siv txog 95% ntawm cov khoom. Ntxiv rau,Samarium oxideKuj tseem siv hauv Ceramic Capacitors thiab catalysts. Ntxiv rau,samarMuaj cov khoom lag luam nuclear, uas tuaj yeem siv ua cov khoom siv tau, cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv siv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob piv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nuclear tau tuaj yeem siv tau kev nyab xeeb.
7
Huab cua(EU)
Europium oxideHmoov (daim ntawv qhia cov ntaub ntawv)
Europium oxidefeem ntau siv rau phosphors (daim ntawv qhia cov ntaub ntawv)
Xyoo 1901, Eugene-antoledemarcay nrhiav tau ib lub keeb tshiab los ntawm "samar", muaj npeHuab cuaCov. Nov yog zaum muaj npe tom qab lo lus Europe.Europium oxidefeem ntau yog siv rau cov hmoov fluorescent. EU3 + yog siv los ua cov activator ntawm cov phosphor liab, thiab EU2 + yog siv raws li xiav phosphor. Tam sim no Y2O2S: EU3 + yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws phosphor nyob rau hauv luminous efficiency, nws tau siv dav lawm, nws tau ua dua tshiab li kev txhim kho luminous zoo thiab sib piv.Europium oxideKuj tseem tau siv los ua cov khoom siv tawm tswv yim phosphor rau kev kuaj mob X-Ray rau xyoo tas los no.Europium oxideKuj tseem siv tau rau kev tsim cov iav lo ntsiab muag thiab cov khoom siv kho tshiab, nws tseem tuaj yeem qhia nws cov peev txheej hauv cov ntaub ntawv tswj, ntaub thaiv cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov khoom siv ntawm atomic reactors.
8
Gadolinium(GD)
GadoliniumThiab nws isotopes yog qhov kev xaiv hlwb tshaj plaws thiab tuaj yeem siv ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm nuclear reactors. (Cov ntaub ntawv qhia)
(1) Nws cov dej-soluble paramagnetic muaj kev txhim kho NMR cov teeb liab teeb liab ntawm tib neeg lub cev hauv kev kho mob.
(2) Nws cov neeg sawv cev tub rog tuaj yeem siv ua MATRIX sib chaws ntawm oscilloscope tub thiab xoo ray screen nrog kev ci tshwj xeeb.
(3)Gadolinium in GadoliniumGarium Garnet yog qhov zoo tagnrho substrate rau lub cim xeeb.
(4) Nws tuaj yeem siv tau ua cov khoom sib nqus tub yees nruab nrab yam tsis muaj kev txiav tawm ntawm lub voj voog.
(5) Nws yog siv los ua cov neeg tsis txaus ntseeg los tswj hwm cov kab sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nuclear kom paub meej txog kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm nuclear kev sib luag.
(6) Nws yog siv los ua kev sib ntxiv ntawmsamarCobalt magnet kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua tau zoo tsis hloov nrog qhov kub.
9
Terbium(TB)
Terbium oxideHmoov (daim ntawv qhia cov ntaub ntawv)
Daim ntawv thov ntawmterbiumFeem ntau yog koom nrog cov-tech-tech teb, uas yog ib txoj haujlwm txiav-ntug nrog cov cuab yeej siv thev naus laus zis nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam zoo kawg li, nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam zoo kawg li, nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam zoo kawg li, nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam zoo kawg li, nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam zoo kawg li, nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam zoo kawg li, nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam zoo kawg li, nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam zoo kawg li, nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam zoo kawg li, nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam zoo kawg li, nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam zoo kawg li, nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam zoo kawg li, nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam zoo kawg li, nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam zoo kawg li, nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam zoo kawg li, nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam zoo kawg li, nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam zoo kawg li, nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam zoo kawg li, nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam zoo kawg li, nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam zoo kawg li.
(1) Cov phosphors tau siv los ua cov hmoov ntsuab hauv cov kua hlwb, ua kom lub ntsej muag phospholium-ua kom zoo nkauj, terbium-actived silicate latrix thiabterbium-Txoj kev sib xyaw Cerium-Magnesium aluminate matrix, uas tag nrho emit ntsuab lub teeb nyob rau hauv lub xeev zoo siab.
(2) Magneto-optical cia khoom. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los, Terbium Magneto-cov ntaub ntawv kho qhov muag tau mus txog qhov ntsuas ntawm pawg ntau lawm. Magneto-optical discs ua los ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab TB-
(3) Cov iav magneto-optical,terbium-Coving faraday kev sib hloov iav yog cov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov rotators, cais tawm ntawm cov tshuab lasnas. Tshwj xeeb, kev txhim kho ntawm Terfenol tau qhib ib daim ntawv thov tshiab ntawm Terfenol, uas yog cov khoom siv tshiab tau tshawb pom xyoo 1970. Ib nrab ntawm no alloy muajterbiumthiabdysprosium, qee zaum nrogHolmiumThiab tus so yog hlau.Qhov alloy tau xub tsim los ntawm Ames Kev Kuaj hauv Iowa, Tebchaws Asmeskas. Thaum Terfenol tau muab tso rau hauv daim teb sib nqus, nws qhov loj hloov ntau dua li cov ntaub ntawv sib nqus, uas tuaj yeem ua rau qee cov neeg kho tshuab sib xyaw ua tau. Terbium Dysprosium yog tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv sonar thaum xub thawj, thiab tau siv dav hlau tswj, micrevatoret kev tswj, kev siv tshuab thiab tis tis rau cov chaw dav dav rau cov dav hlau tsom iav.
10
Dysprosium(Dy)
Hlau Dysprosium(Cov ntaub ntawv qhia)
(1) raws li kev sib ntxiv ntawm NDFEx cov hlau nplaum, ntxiv txog 2 ~ 3%dysprosiumRau cov hlau nplaum no tuaj yeem txhim kho nws lub zog quab yuam. Yav dhau los, qhov kev thov raudysprosiumTsis loj, tab sis nrog kev xav tau nce ntawm NDFEt rau lub caij nyoog, nws tau dhau los ua kev ntxiv kev ntxiv, thiab cov qib yuav tsum yog 95 ~ 99.9%, thiab cov lus thov yuav nce sai.
(2)Dysprosiumyog siv los ua tus activator ntawm phosphor. Sib ncigdysprosiumyog ib qho kev txhawb nqa kom ua haujlwm ion ntawm tricolor luminescent cov ntaub ntawv nrog ib leeg luminescence center. Nws tsuas yog muaj ob plab emission, ib qho yog lub teeb pom kev zoo, lwm qhov yog xiav lub teeb tso tawm. Lub luminescent doped nrogdysprosiumtuaj yeem siv ua cov phosphor.
(3)DysprosiumPuas yog ib qho tsim nyog cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv ua haujlwm rau kev npaj Terfenol alloy hauv Magnetostrictrictrictive alloy, uas tuaj yeem paub qee cov kev ua ub no kom raug.
(4)Dysprosium hlauYuav siv tau ua cov khoom siv magneto-kho qhov muag nrog cov ntaub cav nrawm thiab nyeem rhiab.
(5) siv nyob rau hauv kev npajdysprosiumteeb txawb, kev ua haujlwm siv hauvdysprosiumCov teeb txawb yog dysprosium iodide, uas muaj qhov zoo ntawm lub teeb ci siab, xim loj, ruaj khov arc thiab yog li ntawm kev teeb pom kev zoo rau zaj duab xis thiab luam ntawv.
(6)Dysprosiumyog siv los ntsuas kev siv hluav taws xob neutron zog lossis ua nruab nrab ntawm atomic zog kev lag luam vim tias nws cov loj neutron ntes hla cheeb tsam ntawm ntu.
(7) DY3al5o12 kuj tseem siv tau los ua cov khoom siv ua haujlwm sib nqus rau cov tub yees sib luag. Nrog rau kev txhim kho kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, daim ntawv thov ntawmdysprosiumyuav nthuav dav thiab txuas ntxiv.
11
Holmium(Ho)
Ho-Fe Alloy(Cov ntaub ntawv qhia)
Tam sim no, daim ntawv thov teb ntawm cov hlau yuav tsum tau tsim ntxiv, thiab kev noj tsis loj heev. Tsis ntev los no, tusTsis tshua muaj ntiaj tebKev Tshawb Fawb Lub Koom HaumTsis tshua muaj ntiaj tebimpurities.
Tam sim no, lub ntsiab siv ntawm lub xauv yog:
(1) raws li kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov teeb hlau halogen, lub teeb hlau hluav taws xob hlau yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom tawm ntawm cov roj merculy, thiab nws cov xeeb ceem yog tias cov noob muaj ntau yamTsis tshua muaj eartH nres. Tam sim no, tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb Iodides tsuas yog siv, uas emit emit sib txawv cov kab thaum roj tso tawm. Cov khoom siv ua haujlwm tau siv hauv lub teeb txawb yog qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov raj hlau ua haujlwm tuaj yeem tau txais hauv thaj chaw arc, yog li txhim kho hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.
(2) Cov hlau tuaj yeem siv los ua kev ntxiv rau cov ntaub ntawv hlau lossis nphion aluminium garnet
(3) Khin-doped aluminium garnet (ho: yag) tuaj yeem emit 2um laser, thiab yuav luag peb qhov kev txiav txim siab dua li ntawm HD: YAG. Yog li ntawd, thaum siv HO: YAG LASER rau kev ua haujlwm kev ua haujlwm, nws tsis tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kev ua haujlwm thermal puas rau qhov me me. Cov nqaj dawb tsim los ntawm lub xauv siv cov rog uas tsis muaj cov ntaub so ntswg muaj zog, yog li nws tau tsim kho cov ntaub soc.culture
(4) Ib qho nyiaj me me uas tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau hauv cov magnetostrictrictrictrictrictrictrictive alloy terfenol-d kom txo sab nraud daim teb uas yuav tsum muaj rau sakesation motivation.
(5) Ntxiv rau, hlau cov fiber ntau tuaj yeem siv los ua cov fiber ntau, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv hauv kev sib txuas lus niaj hnub fiber ntau
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Hoob laug(Er)
Erbium oxideHmoov (Daim Ntawv Qhia Cov Ntaub Ntawv)
(1) Lub teeb pom kev ntawm ER3 + ntawm 1550nm yog ntawm tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb, vim tias lub nthwv dej tshwj xeeb yog nyob ntawm qhov chaw tsis muaj fiber ntau hauv kev sib txuas lus muaj fiber ntau. Tom qab tau zoo siab los ntawm 980nm thiab 1480nm teeb, tus kab nuv ntses Ion (ER3 +) kev hloov pauv hauv av rov qab mus rau hauv av lub xeev, nws emits 1550nm teeb. Quartz fiber tuaj yeem hloov cov yoj txawv, txawm li cas los xij, yog qhov tsim nyog ntawm kev sib txuas lus ntawm 1550ns Kev sib txuas lus raws li cov teeb meem Laser, yog li ntawd, hauv kev siv hluav taws xob siv kho kho kho qhov muag, cov kab nuv ntses doped yog qhov khoom siv kho tshiab. Tam sim no, tus kab nuv ntses doped Silica Fiber ntau tau tshaj tawm tias yuav kom tsis txhob muaj ntau yam kev sib txuas lus siv kho mob siv ntau pua zaug yuav qhib cov ntawv thov kho tshiab.
(2) (2) Ntxiv rau, qhov chaw tso quav laser finstal, muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo rau tib neeg, tsis yooj yim rau cov yeeb ncuab, thiab kev sib txawv ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ntawm cov phiaj xwm tub rog yog loj. Nws tau ua rau hauv lub laser laser noo noo uas muaj kev nyab xeeb rau tib neeg lub qhov muag hauv kev siv tub rog.
(3) (3) ER3 + tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau hauv lub khob kom tsis tshua muaj cov khoom siv laser nrog lub zog loj tshaj plaws thiab cov zis ntau tshaj plaws.
(4) ER3 + kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua cov ion nquag hauvTsis tshua muaj ntiaj tebUpconversion laser cov ntaub ntawv.
(5) (5) (5) (5) (5)
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Thawj(TM)
Tom qab tau irradiated nyob rau hauv ib tug nuclear reactor,thawjtsim cov isotope uas tuaj yeem tawm xoo hluav taws xob, uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov vasthle x-ray qhov (cov ntaub ntawv qhia)
(1)Thawjyog siv los ua cov duab tshav ntawm lub tshuab xoo hluav taws xob portable. Tom qab tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam nuclear, tm ua ib hom ntawm isotope uas tuaj yeem tawm xoo hluav taws xob, uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov ntshav hauv cov ntshav. Qhov rai radiometer tuaj yeem hloov yu-169 rau hauv TM-170 nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov ntshav siab thiab nruab nrab, thiab txo cov qe ntshav. Nws yog cov ntshav dawb uas ua rau tsis lees txais ntawm kev hloov chaw nruab nrog cev, yog li kom txo tau cov kabmob ntawm nruab nrab ntawm cov plab hnyuv siab raum.
(2) (2)ThawjKuj tseem siv tau rau hauv kev kuaj mob thiab kho cov qog vim yog nws lub horse high hus rau cov qog nqaij daim tawv, muaj ntau lub ntiaj teb muaj ntau dua lub teebTsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib qho affinity ntawm yu yog qhov loj tshaj plaws.
(3) (3) Tus X-Ray Sensitizer Laobr: br (xiav) yog siv los txhim kho cov tshuaj pleev xim rau ntawm x-ray × Cov tshuaj kho qhov muag tau 50%
(4) (4) Lub teeb txawb hlau siv tau ua rau muaj cov roj ntsha ntxiv hauv qhov teeb pom kev zoo tshiab.
(5) (5) TM3 + tuaj yeem ntxiv rau hauv lub khob kom tsis txhob muaj cov khoom siv roj av uas muaj zog, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau tshaj plaws.
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Ytterbium(YB)
Ytterbium Hlau(Cov ntaub ntawv qhia)
(1) raws li cov khoom siv thermal los ntawm cov khoom siv .Qhov kev pom zoo
(2) raws li cov khoom siv magnetostrict.tis cov khoom muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm gagerict, thiab dysposium / ferrite alloy, thiab ib qho kev sib nqus ntawm manganese tau ntxiv los tsim cov mauv loj.
(3) daim iav caij siv rau kev ntsuas siab. Kev sim qhia tau tias qhov rhiab ntawm daim iav caij yog siab nyob rau hauv kev ntsuas ntsuas siab ntau, uas qhib txoj kev tshiab rau kev ntsuas ntsuas.
(4) Resin-hais txog cov kab noj hniav ntawm cov hniav looj tes los hloov cov nyiaj amalgam feem ntau siv yav dhau los.
(5) Cov kws tshawb fawb Japanese tau ua tiav tiav qhov kev npaj ntawm daim iav-doped vanadium baht gaveGuide laser, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho cov tshuab laser. Ntxiv rau, daim iav tseem siv rau fluorescent hmoov activator, xov tooj cua lub cim xeeb) ntxiv, iav fiber flux thiab cov iav kho qhov muag ntxiv, thiab lwm yam.
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Litetium(Lu)
Lutetium oxideHmoov (daim ntawv qhia cov ntaub ntawv)
Yttrium Lutetium Silisle Crystal (Cov Ntawv Qhia Cov Ntaub Ntawv)
(1) ua ib qho tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, Lutetium alloy alloy tuaj yeem siv rau Neutron ua kom tsom xam.
(2) ruaj khovlitetiumNuclides ua si lub luag haujlwm catalytic hauv roj av tawg, alkylation, hydrogenation thiab polymerization.
(3) Ntxiv rau ntawm yttrium hlau lossis yttrium aluminium garnet tuaj yeem txhim kho qee yam khoom.
(4) Cov ntaub ntawv raw ntawm cov khoom sib nqus npuas uas muaj dej sibloo.
(5) Ib qho kev sib thooj ua lead ua lead ua, lutetium-doped aluminium noog Kev sim qhia tias Lutetium-doped nyob crystal yog zoo dua rau Nyab Crystal hauv kev ua haujlwm kho qhov muag thiab laser.
(6) Nws tau pom tiaslitetiumMuaj cov ntawv thov yuav nyob hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob electrochromic thiab cov lowension molecular sandiconductors. Ntxiv rau,litetiumKuj tseem siv nyob rau hauv lub zog roj teeb thev naus laus zis thiab cov neeg txawj phosphor.
16
Yttrium(y)
Yttriumyog siv dav, yttrium txhuas garnet yuav siv tau laser cov khoom siv, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob roj hmab thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg vanadate thiab Europium Vanadate thiab Europium Vanadate thiab Europium Vanadate thiab Europium Vanadate thiab Europium Vanadate thiab Europium Vanadate thiab Europium Vanadate thiab Europium Vanadate Thiab Europium-dopedyttrium oxidesiv los ua phosphaphors rau xim TV teeb. (Cov ntaub ntawv qhia)
(1) Ntxiv rau cov hlau thiab cov tsis muaj ferroloks. Fecr Alloy feem ntau muaj 0.5-4%yttrium, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho cov oxidation tsis kam thiab ductility ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau; Cov kev nkag siab ntawm MB26 alloy tau txhim kho pom tseeb los ntawm kev ntxiv cov nyiaj tau zoo ntawm yttrium-nplua nuj sib xyawTsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb, uas tuaj yeem hloov qee qhov nruab nrab-muaj zog aluminium alloys thiab siv nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov dav hlau. Ntxiv cov nyiaj me me ntawm yttrium-nplua nujTsis tshua muaj ntiaj tebmus rau hauv al-ZR alloy, qhov kev tshaj tawm ntawm cov alloy tuaj yeem hloov kho; Lub alloy tau raug saws los ntawm feem ntau cov hlau Hoobkas nyob rau hauv Suav teb. Ntxiv yttrium rau hauv cov xim tooj liab alloy txhim kho conductivity thiab kev kho tshuab zog.
(2) Silicon nitride tej hub khoom muaj 6%yttriumthiab 2% txhuas tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov chaw cav.
(3) ND: Y: GARNET Laser Beam nrog lub zog ntawm 400 watts yog siv los tho, txiav thiab weld cov khoom loj.
(4) Lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsom iav tsim los ntawm Y-Garnet ib leeg siv lead ua muaj siab lub teeb ci ntsa iab, thiab kev ua kom zoo kub ua rau thiab cov neeg kho tshuab hnav tsis kam.
(5) siabyttriumCov txheej txheem alloy muaj 90% YTTRACY tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov aviation thiab lwm qhov chaw uas xav tau cov ntom ntom me me thiab siab melting point.
(6) yttrium-doped srzro3 cov proton-kub ua rau cov khoom siv roj, yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov roj hlwb, cov roj txheem elenolytic thiab cov roj txheem siab xav tau hydrogen solubility. Ntxiv rau,yttriumKuj tseem siv los ua cov khoom siv kub siab, ua rau cov roj ntsha ua rau cov khoom siv sib nqus lus hauv cov khoom siv sib nqus, thiab cov getter hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob.
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Scandium(SC)
Hlau scandium(Cov ntaub ntawv qhia)
Piv nrog yttrium thiab luslhanide hais, scandium muaj qhov tshwj xeeb me me ionic radius thiab ib qho tshwj xeeb tsis muaj zog alkalinity ntawm hydroxide. Yog li ntawd, thaumscandiumthiab lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke,scandiumyuav precipionate ua ntej thaum kho nrog ammonia (lossis tsis tseem ceeb dua alkali), yog li nws tuaj yeem sib cais tau yooj yim los ntawmTsis tshua muaj ntiaj tebCov ntsiab lus los ntawm txoj kev ntawm "fractional nag lossis daus". Lwm txoj hauv kev yog siv polariat decomposition of nitrosation ntawm kev sib cais.Scandium nitrate yog qhov yooj yim rau kev sib cais, yog li ua tiav lub hom phiaj sib cais.
Sc tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm electrolysis.Sccc3, KCL thiab LAL yog co-yaj yog co-yaj thaum lub sij hawm ua kom zoo, thiab cov ntaub pua plag yog siv los ua cathode rau electrolysis, yog li ntawdscandiumyog precipitated ntawm zinc electrode, thiab tom qab ntawd cov zinc yog evaporated kom tauscandiumCov. Ntxiv rau,scandiumyog yooj yim rov qab thaum ua ore los tsim uranium, thorium thiab luslhanide ntsiab. Kev rov zoo dua ntawm kev cuam tshuamscandiumlos ntawm tungsten thiab tin ore kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawmscandium.Scandiumfeem ntau yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev talalent nyob rau hauv compound, uas yog yooj yim oxidized rau hauvSc2o3Nyob rau hauv huab cua thiab poob nws yog xim hlau luster thiab puv rau hauv grey tsaus.
Lub ntsiab siv ntawmscandiumyog:
(1)ScandiumMuaj peev xwm hnov mob nrog dej kub kom tso hydrogen, thiab tseem yog soluble hauv acid, yog li nws yog tus neeg sawv cev muaj zog.
(2)Scandium oxideThiab hydroxide tsuas yog alkaline, tab sis nws cov ntsev tshauv tuaj yeem yog hydrolyzed. Scandium chloride yog dawb siv lead ua, soluble hauv dej thiab deliquescent hauv huab cua.
(3) hauv kev lag luam metallurgical,scandiumFeem ntau siv los ua alloys (additives ntawm alloys) los txhim kho lub zog, hardness, kub tsis kam thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov alloys. Piv txwv li, ntxiv me me ntawmscandiumrau cov hlau molten tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom ntawm cov hlau cam khwb cia ntawm cov hlau cam khwb cia, thaum ntxiv me me ntawmscandiumTxhawm rau txhuas tuaj yeem txhim kho nws lub zog thiab lub cua sov kuj ua tau.
(4) hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob,scandiumYuav siv tau ntau yam ua ntau yam khoom siv semiconductor. Piv txwv li, daim ntawv thov ntawm scandium sulfite nyob rau hauv semiconductors tau nyiam mloog nyob hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws, thiab cov ferrite muajscandiumKuj tseem muaj lus cog lus nyob rau hauv lub computer sib nqus cores.
(5) Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj,scandiumCompound yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev dej haus cawv thiab cov neeg sawv cev lub cev qhuav dej, uas yog cov tshuaj tua hluav taws xob ntau thiab chlorine los ntawm cov khib nyiab hydrochloric.
(6) Hauv kev lag luam iav, iav tshwj xeeb muajscandiumtuaj yeem tsim tau.
(7) Nyob rau hauv lub teeb hluav taws xob teeb kev lag luam,scandiumthiab sodium teeb ua los ntawmscandiumThiab sodium muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab thiab lub teeb xim zoo.
(8)Scandiummuaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm 45sc hauv xwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cuaj lub xov tooj cua isotopes ntawmScandium, namely 40 ~ 44sc thiab 46 ~ 49sc. Ntawm lawv, 46sc, raws li ib tug tracer, tau siv hauv kev lag luam tshuaj lom neeg, metallurgy thiab xim av. Hauv cov tshuaj, muaj cov neeg mus txawv tebchaws uas siv 46sc kom kho mob qog noj ntshav.
Lub sij hawm Post: Lub Yim Hli 09-2021