Neodymium yog ib qho ntawm cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb

Xyoo 1839, Swedish CGMosander tau tshawb pom qhov sib xyaw ntawm lanthanum (lan) thiab praseodymium (pu) thiab neodymium (nǚ).

Tom qab ntawd, chemists thoob plaws ntiaj teb tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau kev sib cais cov ntsiab lus tshiab los ntawm kev tshawb pom lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj.

Xyoo 1885, AVWelsbach, Austrian, nrhiav pom praseodymium thiab neodymium los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm praseodymium thiab neodymium suav tias yog Mossander ua "cov ntsiab lus tshiab". Ib tug ntawm lawv tau hu ua neodymium, uas tom qab ntawd tau simplified rau Neodymium. Lub cim Nd yog neodymium.

Neodymium, praseodymium, gadolinium (gá) thiab samarium (shan) tau raug cais tawm ntawm Didymium, uas tau suav tias yog lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Vim lawv qhov kev tshawb pom, Didymium tsis tau khaws cia lawm. Nws yog lawv qhov kev tshawb pom uas qhib qhov rooj thib peb rau qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj thiab yog theem thib peb ntawm kev tshawb pom cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb. Tab sis qhov no tsuas yog ib nrab ntawm kev ua haujlwm nyob rau theem thib peb.Qhov tseeb, lub rooj vag ntawm cerium yuav tsum tau qhib los yog kev sib cais ntawm cerium tiav, thiab lwm ib nrab yuav tsum tau qhib los yog kev sib cais ntawm yttrium tiav.

Neodymium, tshuaj cim Nd, silvery dawb hlau, yog ib yam ntawm cov nquag nquag siv lub ntiaj teb hlau, nrog melting point ntawm 1024 ° C, ceev ntawm 7.004 g /㎝, thiab paramagnetism.

Main siv:

Neodymium tau dhau los ua qhov chaw kub hauv kev ua lag luam tau ntau xyoo vim nws txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv thaj chaw tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb. Cov neeg siv loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov hlau neodymium yog NdFeB cov khoom siv hlau nplaum ruaj khov. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm NdFeB cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov tau txhaj tshuaj tshiab tseem ceeb rau hauv lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj siab-tech teb. NdFeB hlau nplaum yog hu ua "tus huab tais ntawm cov hlau nplaum ruaj khov" vim nws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib nqus siab.

Neodymium kuj tseem siv rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsis-ferrous. Ntxiv 1.5-2.5% neodymium rau magnesium lossis aluminium alloy tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov kub thiab txias, huab cua nruj thiab corrosion tsis kam ntawm alloy, thiab yog dav siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv aerospace.

Tsis tas li ntawd, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet tsim luv-yoj laser beam, uas yog siv dav hauv vuam thiab txiav cov ntaub ntawv nyias nrog tuab hauv qab 10 hli hauv kev lag luam.

Hauv kev kho mob, Nd: YAG laser yog siv los tshem tawm kev phais lossis tshuaj tua kab mob es tsis txhob scalpel. Neodymium kuj tseem siv rau cov xim iav thiab cov ntaub ntawv ceramic thiab ua ib qho ntxiv rau cov khoom siv roj hmab.

Nrog rau kev txhim kho kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis thiab kev nthuav dav thiab txuas ntxiv ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, neodymium yuav muaj ntau qhov chaw siv.

Neodymium (Nd) yog lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj hlau. daj ntseg daj, yooj yim oxidized nyob rau hauv huab cua, siv los ua alloy thiab optical iav.

Nrog yug ntawm praseodymium, neodymium tau los ua. Kev tuaj txog ntawm neodymium tau qhib lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj teb, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv thaj av tsawg, thiab cuam tshuam rau lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj kev lag luam.

Daim ntawv thov ntawm Neodymium: Nws yog siv los ua cov ceramics, ci ntsa iab iav, dag ruby ​​hauv laser thiab iav tshwj xeeb muaj peev xwm lim cov kab hluav taws xob infrared. Siv ua ke nrog praseodymium los ua tsom iav rau iav tshuab. Mich hlau siv hauv steelmaking kuj muaj 18% neodymium.

Neodymium oxide Nd2 O3; Qhov hnyav molecular yog 336.40; Lavender khoom hmoov, yooj yim rau kev cuam tshuam nrog damp, absorbing carbon dioxide nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, insoluble nyob rau hauv dej, soluble nyob rau hauv inorganic acid. Tus txheeb ze ntom ntom yog 7.24. Lub melting point yog hais txog 1900 ℃, thiab siab valence oxide ntawm neodymium tuaj yeem ua ib feem los ntawm cua sov hauv huab cua.

Siv: Siv los ua cov khoom siv hlau nplaum ruaj khov, cov xim pleev xim rau iav thiab ceramics thiab cov ntaub ntawv laser.

Nanometer neodymium oxide kuj tseem siv rau cov xim iav thiab cov khoom siv ceramic, cov khoom siv roj hmab thiab cov khoom siv ntxiv.

Pr-nd hlau; Cov mis mos molecular yog Pr-Nd; Khoom: Silver-grey metallic block, metallic luster, yooj yim oxidized hauv huab cua. Lub hom phiaj: Feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom siv hlau nplaum ruaj khov.

Kev tiv thaiv kev kho mob neodymium muaj zog khaus rau lub qhov muag thiab cov mucous daim nyias nyias, mob me ntsis rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab nqus tau pa tuaj yeem ua rau pulmonary embolism thiab daim siab puas.

Yam khoom ua haujlwm:

Irritating rau qhov muag, tawv nqaij, mucous daim nyias nyias thiab ua pa ib ntsuj av.

Kev daws:

1. Inhalation: tawm ntawm qhov chaw mus rau huab cua ntshiab. Yog ua pa nyuaj, muab cov pa oxygen. Nrhiav kev kho mob.

2. Kev sib cuag qhov muag: Nqa daim tawv muag thiab yaug nrog dej ntws los yog dej ntsev. Nrhiav kev kho mob.

3. Kev sib cuag ntawm daim tawv nqaij: Tshem cov khaub ncaws tsis huv thiab yaug nrog dej ntws.

4. Noj: Haus dej sov kom ntau kom ntuav. Nrhiav kev kho mob.

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