Nyob rau hauv 1879, Swedish chemistry professors LF Nilson (1840-1899) thiab PT Cleve (1840-1905) pom ib tug tshiab lub caij nyob rau hauv cov minerals tsawg gadolinite thiab dub tsis tshua muaj kub ore nyob rau tib lub sij hawm. Lawv hu lub ntsiab lus no "Scandium", uas yog lub ntsiab "boron zoo li" kwv yees los ntawm Mendeleev.
Piv nrog rau cov ntsiab lus lanthanide, scandium muaj lub vojvoog me me ionic thiab alkalinity ntawm hydroxide kuj tsis muaj zog heev. Yog li ntawd, thaum scandium thiab cov ntsiab lus tsis tshua muaj hauv ntiaj teb sib xyaw ua ke, lawv tau kho nrog ammonia (lossis tsis tshua muaj alkali dilute), thiab scandium yuav ua ntej. Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem yooj yim cais tawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj los ntawm "qib nag lossis daus" txoj kev. Lwm txoj kev yog siv cov polar decomposition ntawm nitrate rau kev sib cais, vim hais tias scandium nitrate yog qhov yooj yim rau decompose, thiaj li ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sib cais.
Scandium hlau tuaj yeem tau los ntawm electrolysis. Thaum lub sij hawm refining ntawm scandium,ScCl3, KCl, thiab LiCl yog co melted, thiab molten zinc yog siv los ua cathode rau electrolysis rau precipitate scandium ntawm zinc electrode. Tom qab ntawd, zinc yog evaporated kom tau txais cov hlau scandium. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho yooj yim los rov qab scandium thaum ua cov ore los tsim cov uranium, thorium, thiab lanthanide cov ntsiab lus. Kev rov qab zoo ntawm kev nrog scandium los ntawm tungsten thiab tin mines kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm scandium. Scandium feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev trivalent hauv cov tebchaw thiab yooj yim oxidized rauSc2O 3nyob rau hauv cov huab cua, poob nws metallic luster thiab tig mus rau hauv ib tug maub grey. Scandium tuaj yeem ua rau cov dej kub tso tawm hydrogen thiab yooj yim soluble hauv cov kua qaub, ua rau nws muaj zog txo tus neeg sawv cev. Cov oxides thiab hydroxides ntawm scandium tsuas yog qhia alkalinity, tab sis lawv cov hmoov tshauv ntsev tsis tuaj yeem hydrolyzed. Cov tshuaj chloride ntawm scandium yog siv lead ua dawb uas yooj yim soluble hauv dej thiab muaj peev xwm deliquescence hauv huab cua. Nws cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb yog raws li hauv qab no.
(1) Hauv kev lag luam metallurgical, scandium feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov alloys (additives rau alloys) los txhim kho lawv lub zog, hardness, kub tsis kam, thiab kev ua tau zoo. Piv txwv li, ntxiv ib qho me me ntawm scandium rau molten hlau tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom ntawm cam khwb cia hlau, thaum ntxiv me me ntawm scandium rau txhuas tuaj yeem txhim kho nws lub zog thiab kub tsis kam.
(2) Hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob, scandium tuaj yeem siv los ua ntau yam khoom siv semiconductor, xws li daim ntawv thov ntawm scandium sulfite hauv semiconductors, uas tau nyiam ob qho tib si hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws. Ferrites uas muaj scandium kuj muaj cov ntawv cog lus hauv computer magnetic cores.
(3) Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, cov tshuaj siv tshuaj scandium tau siv los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo rau kev haus cawv dehydrogenation thiab lub cev qhuav dej hauv kev tsim cov ethylene thiab tsim cov tshuaj chlorine los ntawm cov khib nyiab hydrochloric acid.
(4) Hauv kev lag luam iav, iav tshwj xeeb uas muaj scandium tuaj yeem tsim.
(5) Hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob teeb pom kev zoo, scandium sodium teeb ua los ntawm scandium thiab sodium muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab thiab zoo lub teeb xim.
Scandium muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm 15Sc nyob rau hauv cov xwm, thiab tseem muaj 9 radioactive isotopes ntawm scandium, uas yog 40-44Sc thiab 16-49Sc. Ntawm lawv, 46Sc tau siv los ua ib qho kev tshawb nrhiav hauv chemical, metallurgical, thiab oceanographic teb. Hauv tshuaj, kuj tseem muaj kev kawm txawv teb chaws siv 46Sc los kho mob qog noj ntshav.
Post lub sij hawm: Apr-19-2023