Xyoo 1879, cov kws tshaj lij Swedish cov lus qhia LF Nilson (1840-1905) pom muaj cov zaub mov muaj tsawg kawg ntawm lub sijhawm. Lawv tau muab cov khoom no "Scandium", uas yog" Boron xws li "keeb kwm ntawm mendeleev. Lawv qhov kev tshawb pom ib zaug ntxiv ua pov thawj ntawm txoj cai lij choj ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab Mendeleev's Foresight.
Piv nrog rau cov lus teb cov ntsiab lus, scandium muaj lub vojvoog me me thiab lub alkalinity ntawm hydroxide kuj tsis muaj zog heev. Yog li ntawd, thaum Scandium thiab tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb sib xyaw ua ke, lawv tau kho nrog ammonia (lossis tsis tshua muaj dilute alkali), thiab scandium yuav nag ceev ua ntej. Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem sib cais tau yooj yim los ntawm kev tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb ntawm lub ntiaj teb "cov qib siab los daus" txoj kev. Lwm txoj hauv kev yog siv cov ncov qaumteb qabteb ntawm nitrate rau kev sib cais, vim tias scandium nitrate yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws kom decompose, thiaj li ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sib cais.
Scandium hlau tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm electrolysis. Thaum lub sij hawm ua kom zoo ntawm scandium,Sccc3, KCl, thiab cov LICL yog co tau melted, thiab molten zinc yog siv raws li precegitate scandium ntawm zinc electrode. Tom qab ntawd, cov zinc tau evaporated kom tau txais scandium hlau. Ib qho ntxiv, nws yooj yim kom rov qab tau rov qab scandium thaum ua ore tsim uranium, thorium, thiab lusthande txhais. Cov kev rov qab zoo dua ntawm cov tshuaj xyuas scandanying los ntawm tungsten thiab tin mines kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm scandium. Scandium yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm sib txuas hauv cov tebchaw thiab yog yooj yim oxidized rauSc2o3Nyob rau hauv huab cua, poob nws cov xim hlau luster thiab tig mus rau hauv lub grey tsaus. Scandium tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog dej kub kom tso cov hydrogen thiab yog yooj yim soluble hauv cov acids, ua rau nws muaj zog txo tus neeg sawv cev. Cov oxides thiab hydroxides ntawm scandium tsuas yog qhia alkalinity, tab sis lawv cov ntsev tshauv tuaj yeem yog hydrolyzed. Cov tshuaj chloride ntawm scandium yog ib qho dawb siv lead ua uas yooj yim soluble hauv dej thiab tuaj yeem deliquescence hauv huab cua. Nws cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb muaj raws li hauv qab no.
(1) Hauv kev lag luam metallurgical, scandium feem ntau siv los tsim cov alloys (ntxiv rau cov alloys) txhawm rau txhim kho lawv lub zog, tawv, kub ua kom tau, thiab kub ua hauj lwm. Piv txwv li, ntxiv me me ntawm scandium tuaj yeem txhim kho cov khoom siv hlau, thaum ntxiv ib qho me me ntawm cov hlau cam tuaj yeem txhim kho nws lub zog thiab cua sov ua kom tau.
(2) Hauv kev lag luam hluav taws xob, scandium yuav siv tau los ua ntau yam ntawm scandium sulfite, uas tau nyiam cov kev saib xyuas ob qho tib si hauv tsev thiab thoob ntiaj teb. Ferrites muaj Scandium kuj muaj cov kev thov hauv lub computer cores.
(3) Hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, scandium cov tebchaw, scandium cov tebchaw siv tau siv ua ke rau kev ua dej cawv thiab lub cev qhuav dej hauv cov tshuaj pleev hydrochloric acid.
(4) Hauv kev lag luam iav, cov iav tshwj xeeb muaj scandium tuaj yeem tsim tawm.
(5) Hauv lub teeb hluav taws xob kev lag luam, scandium sodium teeb ua los ntawm scandium teeb tsa ua los ntawm kev kawm scandium thiab sodium muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab lub teeb pom kev zoo.
Scandium muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm 15sc hauv xwm, thiab tseem muaj 9 lub xov tooj cua isoopales ntawm scandium, uas yog 40-44sc thiab 16-49sc. Ntawm lawv, 46SC tau raug siv los ua kev ua txhaum cai rau tshuaj lom neeg, cov xim hlau metallurgical, thiab caj ces liaj ntug hiav txwv. Hauv cov tshuaj, tseem muaj cov kev tshawb fawb txog kev siv rau hauv kev siv 46sc kom kho mob qog noj ntshav.
Lub Sijhawm Post: Apr-19-2023