Tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb ntsiab lusyog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis xws li cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv dav dav, thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv thoob plaws hauv tebchaws, thiab kev ua tub rog hauv kev ua tub rog, thiab kev lag luam hauv tub rog, thiab kev ua tub rog hauv kev ua tub rog, thiab kev lag luam hauv tub rog, thiab kev lag luam hauv tub rog, thiab kev ua tub rog Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm niaj hnub ua tsov ua rog no qhia tias tsis tshua muaj riam phom sib ntaus sib tua, tsis tshua muaj cov thev naus laus zis zoo sawv cev cov tub rog thev naus laus zis, thiab muaj cov peev txheej yog lav. Yog li ntawd, lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua tau dhau los ua cov tswv yim kev lag luam uas muaj kev lag luam loj nyob thoob ntiaj teb cov tswv yim xws li tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb xws li cov tswv yim hauv tebchaws. Teb chaws Europe, Nyij Pooj, Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab lwm lub tebchaws thiab cov cheeb tsam thiab cov cheeb tsam tau them ntau dua rau cov khoom tseem ceeb xws li tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb. Hauv xyoo 2008, tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hauv ntiaj teb tau teev npe ua "lub tswv yim tseem ceeb" los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas Chav Haujlwm ntawm Lub Zog; Thaum pib xyoo 2010, European Union tau tshaj tawm txoj kev tsim tsa ntawm cov tswv yim tshwj tseg ntawm cov av tsis tshua muaj neeg nyob ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsawg; Xyoo 2007, Nyaj Xij Looj Ywj Siab ntawm Kev Kawm, Kev Lag Luam, Kev Lag Luam thiab Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam "thiab cov khoom siv hlau theem" kev npaj ua lag luam. Lawv tau ntsuas kev ntsuas txuas ntxiv, kev nce qib thev naus laus zis, cov peev txheej tau txais, thiab kev tshawb nrhiav rau lwm cov khoom. Pib los ntawm cov kab lus no, tus kws kho ntawv yuav qhia tau raws li qhov tseem ceeb thiab kev txhim kho keeb kwm kev txhim kho keeb kwm thiab cov luag haujlwm ntawm cov av tsis tshua muaj.
Terbium belongs rau qeb ntawm hnyav tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb, muaj ntau nplua mias nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust ntawm tsuas yog 1.1 ppm.Terbium oxideCov nyiaj tsawg dua 0.01% ntawm tag nrho cov av hauv qab. Txawm nyob rau hauv lub siab Terbium yog ib qho nyiaj grey hlau nrog ductility thiab cov khoom siv mos, uas tuaj yeem txiav tawm nrog rab riam; Melting point 1360 ℃, boiling point 3123 ℃, ntom 8229 4kg / m3. Tau 100 xyoo txij li kev tshawb pom ntawm Terbium xyoo 1843, nws qhov tsis txaus thiab tus nqi tau tiv thaiv nws cov ntaub ntawv siv tau ntev. Nws tsuas yog hauv 30 xyoo dhau los uas terbium tau qhia nws cov txuj ci tshwj xeeb.
Qhov nrhiav pom ntawm terbium
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm thaumlus qhiatau nrhiav pom, karl g. Mauxe Sweden tau txheeb xyuas qhov pib pomyttriumThiab tshaj tawm tsab ntawv tshaj tawm hauv 1842, qhia meej tias thaum pib nrhiav tau yttrium lub ntiaj teb tsis yog ib qho pib oxide, tab sis ib tug oxide ntawm peb lub ntsiab. Xyoo 1843, Mossander pom lub ntsiab terbium los ntawm nws cov kev tshawb fawb txog yttrium lub ntiaj teb. Nws tseem tis npe ib ntawm lawv yttrium lub ntiaj teb thiab ib tug ntawm lawvErbium oxideCov. Nws tsis tau mus txog 1877 tias nws tau muaj npe Terbium, nrog lub cim cim TB. Nws yog naming los ntawm tib qhov chaw ua yttrium, thaum xub thawj los ntawm lub zos ytterby ze Stockholm, qhov chaw uas yttrium ore tau pom thawj zaug. Qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm Terbium thiab ob lwm yam, Lanthhanum thiab Erbium, tau qhib lub rooj zaum thib ob rau qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj, kos cim theem ob ntawm lawv qhov kev tshawb pom. Nws yog thawj lim los ntawm G. Nroog nyob rau xyoo 1905.
Mossander
Daim ntawv thov ntawm TERBIUM
Daim ntawv thov ntawmterbiumFeem ntau feem ntau yog cov qauv siab thev naus laus zis, uas yog cov cuab yeej siv thev naus laus zis thiab cov phiaj xwm muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam, nrog kev txhim kho kev lag luam loj. Cov chaw thov tseem ceeb muaj xws li: (1) tau siv rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev sib xyaw tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb. Piv txwv li, nws yog siv los ua lub ntiaj teb tsawg dua cov chiv thiab pub ntxiv rau kev ua liaj ua teb. (2) Activator rau cov hmoov ntsuab hauv peb lub hmoov fluorescent. Niaj hnub nim xaiv roj hmab tshiab xav tau kev siv peb cov xim phosphors, uas yog xim liab, ntsuab thiab xiav, uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov xim ntau. Thiab Terbium yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv ntau cov hmoov ntsuab zoo gluorescent. (3) siv los ua cov khoom siv kho qhov muag. Amorphous Hlau Terbium Tawb Hlau Alloy Cov Yeeb Yaj Kiab tau siv los tsim cov khoom ua haujlwm siab ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag. (4) Raug Magneto Optical Iav. Faraday kev hloov iav uas muaj terbium yog cov khoom tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov rotators, cais tawm hauv cov tshuab laser. (5) Txoj kev txhim kho thiab kev loj hlob ntawm dysprosium ferromagnets alloy (Terfenol) tau qhib cov ntawv thov tshiab rau TERBIUM.
Rau kev ua liaj ua teb thiab tsiaj cov txiv
Tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb terbiumtuaj yeem txhim kho cov qoob loo zoo thiab nce tus nqi ntawm photosynthesis nyob rau qee qhov kev xav tau ntau yam. Cov complexes ntawm terbium muaj cov kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab lub tb (ala) 3-3hxo, muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob staphyncus, thiab Eschericia Coli, nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo. Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov complex no muab cov kev tshawb fawb tshiab rau cov kev tshawb fawb tshiab rau cov tshuaj niaj hnub.
Siv nyob rau hauv thaj teb ntawm luminescence
Niaj hnub nim xaiv roj hmab tshiab xav tau kev siv peb cov xim phosphors, uas yog xim liab, ntsuab thiab xiav, uas tuaj yeem siv los ua cov xim ntau. Thiab Terbium yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv ntau cov hmoov ntsuab zoo gluorescent. Yog tias hnub yug ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj xim TV xim liab fluorescent hmoov tau txhawb qhov kev thov los ntawm lub ntiaj teb peb thawj lub ntsej muag ntsuab fluorescent hmoov rau lub teeb. Thaum xyoo 1980s, Philips Phem tau tsim lub ntiaj teb thawj zaug kev cog lus lub zog hluav taws xob txuag hluav taws xob fluorescent thiab sai sai. TB3 + ions tuaj yeem emit ntsuab lub teeb nrog lub wavelength ntawm 545nm, thiab yuav luag txhua tus neeg tsis tshua muaj roj av ntsuab siv Terbium raws li ib tug activator.
Hmoov zoo fluorescent hmoov siv rau xim TV cathoy cov hmoov zoo ib txwm tau siv los ua y2sio5 ib txwm tau siv ua ntej Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm loj screen high-txhais TV (HDTV), HdTV), Haltv), cov hmoov ntsuab zoo rau lub ntsej muag tau tsim. Piv txwv li, ib qho hybrid ntsuab fluorescent hmoov tau tsim tawm txawv teb chaws, muaj ntawm Y3 (al, GA)
Cov tsoos X-Ering fluorescent hmoov yog calcium tungstate. Xyoo 1970 thiab 1980s, tsis tshua muaj hmoov av rau cov ntxaij vab tshaus zoo li cov tshuaj ntsuab, Piv nrog calcium tungstate, tsis tshua muaj lub ntiaj teb fluorescent hmoov tuaj yeem txo cov duab xoo hluav taws xob, txuas ntxiv txuag cov neeg siv xoo hluav taws xob, thiab txo kev siv hluav taws xob. Terbium kuj tseem siv tau cov tshuaj tua kab kom zoo rau cov duab xoo hluav taws xob, thiab txo qhov kev sib tw ntawm X-Ray rau tib neeg lub cev (los ntawm ntau tshaj 50%).
TerbiumKuj tseem siv los ua cov activator hauv cov phosphor tus coj zoo siab heev los ntawm lub teeb xiav rau cov teeb pom kev zoo. Nws tuaj yeem siv los tsim terbium txhuas hlaueto optical crystal phostion, thiab ua kom lub teeb fluorescence los sib xyaw ua kom zoo nkauj los tsim lub teeb dawb ntshiab.
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm terbuminescot tsuas yog suav nrog zinc sulfide ntsuab fluorescent hmoov nrog terbium raws li tus activator. Nyob rau hauv ultraviolet iradiation, organic complex yuav emit muaj zog fluorescence thiab tuaj yeem siv ua zaj duab xis electrolumines. Txawm hais tias qhov tseem ceeb tau ua tiav hauv kev kawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj cov yeeb yaj kiab, tseem muaj qee cov yeeb yaj kiab txuas ntxiv, tseem muaj cov yeeb yaj kiab txuas ntxiv rau cov yeeb yaj kiab thiab cov khoom siv yog tseem nyob hauv qhov tob.
Cov yam ntxwv fuorescence ntawm terbium kuj yog siv los ua kev sim fluorescence. Qhov kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm OFLoxACIN Terbium (TB3 +) complex thiab deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) tau kawm txog kev ua fluorescence poov muag (DNA) Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias Atloxacin TB3 + kev sojntsuam tau ua ib qho zawj khi nrog DNA cov fluorescatic acid tuaj yeem txhim kho lub fluorescence ntawm Ofloxacin TB3 + System. Raws li qhov kev hloov no, deoxyribonucleic acid tuaj yeem txiav txim siab.
Rau Cov Khoom Siv Kho Mob Hlau
Cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov nyhuv faraday, tseem hu ua cov khoom siv magneto-kho qhov muag, tau siv dav hauv lasers thiab lwm yam kho tshiab kho qhov muag. Muaj ob hom ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tshiab: Magneto kho qhov muag muaj thiab cov iav tshiab kho qhov muag. Ntawm lawv, Magneto-khou muaj kua (xws li ytt Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau cov qhob hlau-kho lub ntsej muag muaj cov ces kaum kev sib hloov siab muaj qhov kev nqus tau zoo hauv lub luv luv, uas txwv lawv siv. Piv nrog magneto kho qhov muag, magneto kho qhov muag muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov kev hloov pauv siab thiab yooj yim kom ua rau hauv cov block loj lossis cov fibers. Tam sim no, Magneto-optical tsom iav nrog cov nyhuv muaj zog yog feem ntau tsis tshua muaj ntiaj teb ion doped tsom iav.
Siv rau Magneto kho qhov muag cia khoom
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, nrog kev txhim kho sai ntawm multimedia thiab chaw ua hauj lwm automation, qhov kev thov kom muaj peev xwm tshiab muaj peev xwm loj. Amorphous Hlau Terbium Tawb Hlau Alloy Cov Yeeb Yaj Kiab tau siv los tsim cov khoom ua haujlwm siab ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag. Ntawm lawv, TBFECO alloy nyias nyias zaj duab xis muaj qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Terbium raws li cov ntaub ntawv kho qhov muag tau tsim tawm ntawm cov khoom loj, thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub tshuab nqus hluav taws xob, nrog rau kev siv lub peev xwm kom nce los ntawm 10-15 zaug. Lawv muaj qhov zoo ntawm muaj peev xwm loj thiab siv tau nrawm, thiab tuaj yeem so thiab co coated txhiab lub sij hawm thaum siv rau high-ceev kho qhov muag discs. Lawv yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob cia tshuab. Feem ntau siv cov khoom siv hlau nplaum tshaj plaws hauv qhov pom thiab ze-cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv faraday zoo tshaj plaws thiab kho tsis tau zoo.
Rau Magneto Optical iav
Faraday magneto kho qhov muag iav muaj qhov zoo transparency thiab isotropy nyob rau hauv qhov chaw pom thiab infrared, thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov duab nyuaj. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los tsim cov khoom loj thiab tuaj yeem kos rau hauv cov khoom siv kho kom zoo. Yog li ntawd, nws muaj dav thov cov kev cia siab ntawm Magneto kho qhov muag, Magneto Optical modulators, thiab fiber ntau optic tam sim no sensors tam sim no. Vim nws lub zog sib nqus loj thiab lub zog nqus me me thiab cov kev nqus me me hauv qhov pom thiab infrared ntau, tb3
Terbium dysprosium ferromagnetostrictive alloy
Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20, nrog kev nce qib 20 txuas ntxiv, cov khoom siv hauv av tshiab tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig sai sai. Xyoo 1984, Iowa State University, Ames Kev Kuaj Amoos Haujlwm ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Hluav Taws Xob (thiab cov neeg Asmeskas Cov khoom lag luam ntse tshiab no muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob sai sai. Cov khoom siv roj ntsha hauv qab thiab electro-acoustic ua los ntawm cov khoom siv hlau nplaum no, suab nrov thiab kev ntsuam xyuas dej hiav txwv thiab dej hiav txwv. Yog li ntawd, sai li sai tau terbium dysprosium hlau giant magnetostrictive cov khoom tau yug los, nws tau txais kev saib xyuas los ntawm cov teb chaws thoob ntiaj teb thoob ntiaj teb. Ntug cov thev naus laus zis hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau pib ua lag luam Terbium pib tsim cov ntaub ntawv hauv xyoo 1989 thiab tebchaws Askiv, Tebchaws Asmeskas Giant Terbosium Giant cov ntaub ntawv magnetostive.
Los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm kev txhim kho cov khoom siv no hauv Tebchaws Meskas, ob qho kev tsim tawm ntawm cov khoom siv thiab nws cov ntawv thov Monopolicist yog cuam tshuam nrog kev lag luam tub rog (xws li rog). Txawm hais tias Tuam Tshoj cov tub rog thiab cov chaw tiv thaiv tub rog yog maj ntxiv dag zog rau lawv cov khoom siv no. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog qhov kev txhim kho tseem ceeb ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov kev ua tiav ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st ua tau zoo heev. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev siv hluav taws xob ntau ntawm terbium dysprosium hlau giant magnetostive cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev ua tub rog thiab kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws yuav yog cov keeb kwm.
Hauv ntej, cov yam ntxwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawmterbiumUa rau nws tsis tseem ceeb ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm ntau cov ntaub ntawv thiab ib txoj haujlwm methupgravle hauv qee cov ntawv thov. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tus nqi siab ntawm Terbium, cov neeg tau kawm yuav ua li cas kom zam thiab txo qis kev siv terbium nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txo tus nqi tsim khoom. Piv txwv li, tsis tshua muaj cov khoom siv kho qhov muag zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv tsawg dysprosium cobalt lossis gadolinium terbium cobalt kom ntau li ntau tau; Sim txo cov ntsiab lus ntawm Terbium hauv cov hmoov ntsuab fluorescent uas yuav tsum tau siv. Nqe tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb txwv kev txwv kev siv thoob plaws terbium. Tab sis ntau cov khoom siv tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis muaj nws, yog li peb yuav tsum ua raws li lub hauv paus ntawm "Siv cov hlau zoo ntawm cov hniav" thiab sim txuag kev siv Terbium ntau li ntau tau.
Lub sij hawm Post: Lub Yim Hli 07-2023