Thulium, Element 69 of the periodic table.
Thulium, lub caij nrog cov ntsiab lus tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj, feem ntau yog coexist nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus hauv Gadolinite, Xenotime, dub tsawg kub ore thiab monazite.
Thulium thiab lanthanide hlau ntsiab lus coexist zoo nyob rau hauv tsis tshua muaj complex ores nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Vim lawv cov qauv hluav taws xob zoo sib xws, lawv lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg kuj zoo sib xws, ua rau kev rho tawm thiab kev sib cais nyuaj heev.
Xyoo 1879, Swedish chemist Cliff pom tias Atomic loj ntawm erbium av tsis tas li thaum nws kawm txog cov av erbium ntxiv tom qab sib cais ytterbium av thiab scandium av, yog li nws txuas ntxiv cais cov av erbium thiab thaum kawg cais tawm erbium av, holmium av thiab. thulium av.
Hlau thulium, nyiaj dawb, ductile, kuj muag muag, tuaj yeem txiav nrog rab riam, muaj lub siab melting thiab kub kub taw tes, tsis yooj yim corroded nyob rau hauv huab cua, thiab muaj peev xwm tswj tau cov hlau zoo li lub sij hawm ntev. Vim qhov tshwj xeeb extranuclear Electron plhaub qauv, cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm thulium zoo ib yam li lwm cov hlau lanthanide. Nws tuaj yeem yaj hauv hydrochloric acid los ua ib qho ntsuab me ntsisThulium (III) chloride, thiab lub txim hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm nws cov hluav taws kub hauv huab cua kuj tuaj yeem pom ntawm lub log sib txhuam.
Thulium tebchaw kuj muaj cov khoom fluorescence thiab tuaj yeem emit xiav fluorescence nyob rau hauv lub teeb ultraviolet, uas tuaj yeem siv los tsim cov ntawv pov thawj rau cov ntawv nyiaj. Cov xov tooj cua isotope thulium 170 ntawm thulium kuj yog ib qho ntawm plaub feem ntau siv hluav taws xob muaj hluav taws xob thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua cov cuab yeej kuaj mob rau kev siv kho mob thiab kho hniav, nrog rau cov cuab yeej kuaj xyuas tsis zoo rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob.
Thulium, uas yog impressive, yog tus thulium laser therapy technology thiab unconventional tshiab chemistry tsim vim nws tshwj xeeb extranuclear hluav taws xob qauv.
Thulium doped Yttrium aluminium garnet tuaj yeem tawm laser nrog wavelength ntawm 1930 ~ 2040 nm. Thaum lub laser ntawm lub band no yog siv rau kev phais, cov ntshav ntawm qhov chaw irradiation yuav coagulate sai, lub qhov txhab phais me me, thiab hemostasis zoo. Yog li ntawd, qhov no laser feem ntau yog siv rau Minimally invasive txheej txheem ntawm prostate los yog ob lub qhov muag. Hom laser no muaj qhov poob qis thaum kis tau tus mob hauv cov huab cua, thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov chaw taws teeb sensing thiab kev sib txuas lus kho qhov muag. Piv txwv li, Laser rangefinder, coherent Doppler cua radar, thiab lwm yam, yuav siv lub laser tawm los ntawm thulium doped fiber ntau laser.
Thulium yog ib hom hlau tshwj xeeb heev hauv thaj av f, thiab nws cov khoom ntawm kev sib sau ua ke nrog electrons hauv f txheej tau ntxim nyiam ntau tus kws tshawb fawb. Feem ntau, lanthanide hlau cov ntsiab lus tsuas tuaj yeem tsim cov sib xyaw ua ke, tab sis thulium yog ib qho ntawm ob peb lub ntsiab lus uas tuaj yeem tsim cov sib txawv sib txawv.
Nyob rau hauv 1997, Mikhail Bochkalev pioneered cov tshuaj tiv thaiv chemistry muaj feem xyuam rau divalent tsawg lub ntiaj teb tebchaw nyob rau hauv kev daws, thiab pom tias divalent Thulium (III) iodide yuav maj mam hloov rov qab mus rau yellowish trivalent thulium ion nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob. Los ntawm kev siv cov yam ntxwv no, thulium tuaj yeem dhau los ua tus neeg saib xyuas kev txo qis rau cov organic chemists thiab muaj peev xwm los npaj cov khoom siv hlau nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb rau cov haujlwm tseem ceeb xws li lub zog tauj dua tshiab, sib nqus tshuab, thiab kev kho cov khib nyiab nuclear. Los ntawm kev xaiv cov ligands tsim nyog, thulium tuaj yeem hloov kho cov peev txheej ntawm cov hlau redox tshwj xeeb. Samarium (II) iodide thiab nws cov dej sib tov yaj hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic xws li tetrahydrofuran tau siv los ntawm cov kws kho mob organic rau 50 xyoo los tswj cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob txo qis ntawm cov pab pawg ua haujlwm. Thulium kuj muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws, thiab nws cov ligand lub peev xwm los tswj cov organic hlau sib txuas yog qhov xav tsis thoob. Manipulating cov duab geometric thiab orbital sib tshooj ntawm txoj kev tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qee cov khub redox. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li qhov tsawg tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj, tus nqi siab ntawm thulium ib ntus tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev hloov samarium, tab sis nws tseem muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb tshiab.
Post lub sij hawm: Aug-01-2023