Applicationemrara terraIn conjecturam aluminium mixturae ferebatur priorum. Licet Sina coepi investigationis et applicationem huius aspect in 1960s, quod est developed cursim. A multus of opus factum est ex mechanism investigationis ad practica applicationem, et quaedam res gestae sunt made.with etiam de rara terra elementa, et mechanica proprietatibus, et dives et electrica in agro et magnaticorum, rara terra et magnetica materiae, rara terrae et magnetica materiae, rara terrae et magnetica materiae rara terram Lux-emittens materiae, rara terra hydrogenii repono materiae, etc.
◆ ◆ actio mechanism rara terra in Aluminium et Aluminium Alloy ◆
Rare Terrae habet altum eget actio, humilis potentiale et specialis electronica iacuit Ordinatio, et non penitus penitus fere omnes elements.rare eundes communiter in aluminium et aluminium alloys includit La (Lanthanum) CE (cerium), Y (yttrium) Et SC (scandium). Sunt saepe additae in aluminium liquidum cum modifiers, nucleating agentia et degassing agentibus, quod possit purificare ad conflandum, amplio structuram, conflatur frumenti, etc.
01Purificatio rara terra
As a large amount of gas and oxide inclusions (mainly hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen) will be brought in during the melting and casting of aluminum alloy, pinholes, cracks, inclusions and other defects will occur in the casting (see Figure 1a), reducing the strength of aluminum alloy.The purification effect of rare earth is mainly manifested in the obvious reduction of hydrogen content in molten Aluminium, reductionem pinhole rate et Porosity (videatur Figure 1b), et reductionem inclusions et noxia elements.The principalis ratio est, quod rara et dissolvere, hydrogenii in magnis et formare, quod significantly reducendo et hydrogenii in magnis et formare, quod significantly reducendo et hydrogenii in magnis et formare, ut significantly reducendo et hydrogenii et Porosity aluminium; Refracty componit, quae maxime removetur in forma slag in odorem processus, ut ad consequi ad purificationem aluminium liquore.
Practice probavit quod rara terra habet effectum reducendo ad contentus de hydrogenii, oxygeni et sulphuris in aluminium et aluminium Alloys. Addit 0,1% ~ 0.3% re in aluminium liquidum est utile est melius removere nocivis impudicitiis, conflatur impudicitiis aut mutare in Missam, et in Point, et aequaliter distribute, quod est, et in proprietatibus, et ad formam, et stabilibus, et in alto liquescens, et in cervice, et in alto liquescens, et adeo, et aequaliter in alto liquescens punctum, et in proprietate, et in alto liquescens, et in proprietatibus, et in alto liquescens, et in propria, et in alto liquescens, et in proprietatem, et in alto liquescens, et in proprietatibus, et in alto liquescens, et in proprietatibus, et ad formam Segras et remota, ita purificans aluminium liquidum; reliquas denique particulas facti heterogenea nuclei aluminium ad conflare grana.
Fig. I Sem morphologia de (VII) LXXV Alloy sine re et W (re) = 0.3%
A. Re non addidit; b. Addere W (re) = 0.3%
02Metamorphism rara terra
Rare earth modification is mainly manifested in refining grains and dendrites, inhibiting the appearance of coarse lamellar T2 phase, eliminating the coarse massive phase distributed in the primary crystal and forming spherical phase, so that the strip and fragment compounds at the grain boundary are significantly reduced (see Figure 2).Generally, the radius of rare earth atom is larger than that of aluminum atom, and its proprietatibus relative activae. Melting in aluminum liquid is very easy to fill the surface defects of alloy phase, which reduces the surface tension on the interface between new and old phases, and improves the growth rate of crystal nucleus;At the same time, it can also form a surface active film between the grains and the molten liquid to prevent the growth of the generated grains and refine the alloy structure (see Figure 2b).
Fig. II microstructure de Alloys cum diversis Re Praeterea
A. Re dosage est 0; b. Re etiam 0,3%; c. Re etiam 0,7%
Post addendo rara terra elementavhe grana de (al) Phase coepit facti minor, quod lusit in partes in conflans Gramα (alte in parva, cum aevum, et paulatim crescit in longius est quoddam incubitu periodum ad rara terrae, quod est quodam incubitu periodum in rara terrae, quod est quodam incubitu periodum in rara terrae, quod est quodammodo per tempus rara est quod est quodam incubitu per tempus, quod est quodammodo per tempus raram, quod est quodam incubitu periodum in rara terra, quod non est quodam incubitu periodum in tempore rara terra metamorphism Et solum cum non est tenentur a caliditas ad quadam temporis, rara terra erit ludere maxima munus in Metamorphism.in additionem, numerum et rara in aluminum, quod rara est bonum et rara est in aluminium, quod rara est in aluminium et in aluminium in aluminum est in migrare, quod etiam in aluminum est in aluminium.
03 Microalloying effectus rara terra
Rare earth mainly exists in aluminum and aluminum alloys in three forms: solid solution in the matrixα(Al);Segregation at phase boundary, grain boundary and dendrite boundary;Solid solution in or in the form of compound.The strengthening effects of rare earth in aluminum alloys mainly include grain refinement strengthening, finite solution strengthening and the second phase strengthening of rare earth compounds.
Quod est forma rara terra in aluminium et aluminium mixturae est propinqua ad eius etiam quantum. Generally, when RE content is less than 0.1%, the role of RE is mainly fine grain strengthening and finite solution strengthening;When RE content is 0.25%~0.30%, RE and Al form a large number of spherical or short rod like intermetallic compounds, which are distributed in the grain or grain boundary, and a large number of dislocations, fine grain spheroidized structures and dispersed rare earth compounds appear, which will produce micro alloying effects such ut secunda Phase confortans.
◆ ◆ effectum rara terra in proprietatibus aluminium et aluminium mixtum ◆◆
01 Effectus rara terra in comprehensive mechanica proprietatibus Alloy
Fortis, duritiam, elongationem, fractura lenta, gerunt resistentia et alias comprehensive mechanica proprietatibus in miceum potest esse melius addendo, ut adjiciamur Aluminium ZL10 Series AlloyσbEx 205.9 MPA ad CCLXXIV MPA, et HB de LXXX ad CVIII; addendo 0.42% SC ad (VII) VLoyσb314MPa auctus 314MPA, Σ0,2Auctus a 282MPA ad 378MPA, plasticity auctus a 6,8% ad 10,1%, et summus temperatus stabilitatem erat significantly aucta; la et ce potest significantly amplio superplasticitate. Addit 0,14% ~ 0.64% la ad al-6mg-0.5Mn Alloy auget superplasticity a CDXXX% ad DCCC% ~ M%; a systematica et ultima tensile fortiter ostendit quod cede potio et ultimam robore mixig. III ostendit in sem specie tensile fractura de al-si7-mg0,8Alloy, quae indicat quod est typical fragile FRADUS Fractura sine Re, cum post 0.3% re additur, obvious dimple structuram apparet in fractura, quae indicat quod habet bonum et ductility lenta est.
P. III Tensile Fractura Insecta
A. Not iuncta re; b. 0.3 addere 0 Re
IIEffectus rara terra in altum temperatus proprietatibus Alloys
Addit quaedam molesrara terrainto aluminum alloy can effectively improve the high-temperature oxidation resistance of aluminum alloy.Adding 1%~1.5% mixed rare earth to the cast Al Si eutectic alloy increases the high temperature strength by 33%, the high temperature rupture strength (300 ℃, 1000 hours) by 44%, and the wear resistance and high temperature stability are significantly improved;Adding La, Ce, Y and mischmetal to cast Al Cu Alloys potest amplio altus-temperatus proprietatibus Alloys; et cursim solidified al-8.4% FE-3.4% CE Alloy can operari in tempore infra CD ℃ si alloy ad formare al3SC particulas qui non facile ad coarsen caliditas et cohaere cum matricis ad pin trituram terminus, ut mixture maintains in unrecrystallized structuram in annealing, et magno amplio summus temperatus proprietatibus, et magno amplio summus temperatus proprietatibus et magno improves summo temperatus proprietatibus et magno amplectitur caliditas proprietatibus in mixerit.
03 Effectus rara terra in optical proprietatibus Alloys
Adding rare earth into aluminum alloy can change the structure of its surface oxide film, making the surface more bright and beautiful.When 0.12%~0.25% RE is added to the aluminum alloy, the reflectivity of the oxidized and colored 6063 profile is up to 92%;When 0.1%~0.3% RE is added to Al Mg cast aluminum alloy, the alloy can obtain the best surface finish and gloss durability.
04 Effectus rara terra electrica proprietates Alloys
Addendo rursus ad altus-puritas aluminium est nocivis ad conductivity de stock, sed conductivity potest esse melior est aliqualiter per addendo, si conductivam aluminium potest melius per II% ~ in aluminium rara in aluminum et aluminum rara in aluminum in aluminum et aluminum in aluminum et aluminum a 0 0.2 Conductors of Stanna, quae est adoptatus ab maxime domesticis filum officinas; addere vestigium rara terra ad altum puritatem aluminium ut al re follo capacitor. Cum usus est in 25kv products, in capacitance index duplicatur, facultatem per unitas volumine augetur per V temporibus, in pondere reducitur per XLVII% et Capacitoris volumen est significantly reducitur.
VEffectus rara terra in corrosio resistentia de muro
In aliquo ministerio ambitus, praesertim coram chloride ions, Alloys sunt vulnerable ad corrosio, Crevice corrosio, accentus et corrosio fatigue.in ut amplio ad corrosio resistentia aluminium alloys, multas studiis et excitatus Alloys, multis studiis peragitur. It is found that adding appropriate amount of rare earth to aluminum alloys can effectively improve their corrosion resistance.The samples made by adding different amounts of mixed rare earths (0.1%~0.5%) to aluminum were soaked in brine and artificial seawater for three consecutive years. Eventus ostendere quod addit parva moles rara terrarum ad aluminium potest amplio corrosio resistentia aluminium, et corrosio resistentia in muria et artificialis seawater est XXIV% et XXXII pars penetrant et addendo, CE, etc.), a rara terrae Conversio film potest formari in superficies MMXXIV Alloy, faciens superficiem electrode potentiale Aluminium Alloy tendunt esse uniformis, et meliorem resistentiam ad intergranular corrosio et accentus potestate ad aluminium, addendo antiquae aluminium facultatem ad aluminium alloys potest amplio ad aluminium et ad aluminium, ad aluminium et corrosio ad aluminium, ad aluminium et corrosio Alloys, quae late usus est aerospace materiae.
◆ ◆ Technology de rara Terra Aluminium Alloy ◆ ◆
Rara terra est maxime addidit in forma vestigium elementa in Aluminium Alloys et Alloys. Rara terra est princeps eget operatio, princeps liquescens illud, quod est facile oxidized et incensis ad altum temperaturis. Hoc fecit quaedam difficultatibus in praeparatione et application of rara terra Aluminium Alloys.in Long-term experimentalem investigationis, populus permanere ad explorandum parasceve modi et aluminother.at Methodo Ratio Electrolysis et Aluminother Mode.
01 MORMING
Mixed melting method is to add rare earth or mixed rare earth metal into high-temperature aluminum liquid in proportion to make master alloy or application alloy, and then melt the master alloy and the remaining aluminum according to the calculated allowance together, fully stir and refine.
02 Electrolysis
Et firma sal electrolysis modum est addere rara terra cadmiae vel rara terra sal in industriae aluminium electrolytic cellula et electrolyze cum Aluminium Aluminium Fast in Sinis Electrolysis Rare Aluminium. Plerumque, ibi sunt duo modi, nimirum, liquidum cathode modum et electrolytic Eutectusid. In praesens, quod est developed quod rara Terrae componit potest directe addidit ad Industrial aluminium electrolytic cellulis, et rara terra Aluminium Alloys potest produci per electrolysis de chloride dissolvit per Eutertoid modum.
03 Aluminothermic Reduction modum
Quia aluminium habet fortis reductionem facultatem, et aluminium potest formare varietate intermetallic componit cum rara terra, aluminium potest esse ut a reducing agente ad parare rara terra aluminium Alloys.The Main Pelagus Rare sunt ostensum est in sequentibus formula
RE2O3+ 6Al → 2real2+ Al2O3
Inter eos, rara terra cadmiae vel rara terrae dives Slag potest esse sicut rara terra rudis materiae, in reducendo agente potest industriae pura aluminium vel perrexerunt, et in tempore, inquisitores et fluxum, et aluminother reductionem modum. In inferioribus temperatus (DCCLXXX ℃), aluminothermic reductionem reactionem perficitur in sodium fluoride fluoride et sodium chloride, quae vitat problems causatur ab originali caliditas.
◆ ◆ application progressus of rara terra Aluminium Alloy ◆ ◆
01 Applicationem rara terra Aluminium Alloy in Power Industry
Due to the advantages of good conductivity, large current carrying capacity, high strength, wear resistance, easy processing and long service life, rare earth aluminum alloy can be used to manufacture cables, overhead transmission lines, wire cores, slide wires and thin wires for special purposes.Adding a small amount of RE in the Al Si alloy system can improve the conductivity, which is because the silicon in the aluminum alloy is an impurity element with a Maximum contentus, quae habet maiorem ictum in electrica proprietatibus. Addendo ad convenientem moles rara terra potest amplio existentium existentium EXPLICATIO et distribution de Silicon in mixturae, quod potest efficaciter amplio electrica proprietatibus aluminium, adsumptum est, sed etiam amplio viribus, æstus et corrosio Aluminium Alloy Ratio. Cables et Conductors factum de rara terra Aluminium Alloym potest crescere spatium funem turrim et extend in ministerium vitae funem.
02Applicationem rara Terra Aluminium Alloy in Construction Industry
(VI) LXIII Aluminium Alloy est maxime late in constructione industria. Addit 0.15% ~ 0,25% rara terra potest significantly amplio ut projicere structuram et dispensando structuram, et potest amplio extrusionem perficientur, calor est inventus est, mechanica et color Tone.it est inventus est rara, et interdendritic, et dissolvi in componit exist in the form of compounds to refine the dendrite structure and grains, so that the size of the undissolved eutectic and the size of the dimple in the dimple area become significantly smaller, the distribution is uniform, and the density increases, so that the various properties of the alloy are improved to varying degrees. Exempli gratia, in robore profile est auctus per plus quam XX%, quod elongatio est auctus per L%, et corrosio rate reducitur plus quam bis, in crassitudine et colore, (VI) LXIII Alloy Aedificium per circiter%, 6063.
IIIApplicationem rara Terra Aluminium Alloy in Daily Products
Adding trace rare earth to pure aluminum and Al Mg series aluminum alloys for daily use aluminum products can significantly improve the mechanical properties, deep drawing property and corrosion resistance.The daily necessities such as aluminum pots, aluminum pans, aluminum plates, aluminum lunch boxes, aluminum furniture supports, aluminum bicycles, and home appliance parts made of Al Mg RE alloy have more than twice the corrosion resistance, 10%~15% weight reduction, 10%~20% yield increase, 10%~15% production cost reduction, and better deep drawing and deep processing performance compared with aluminum alloy products without rare earth.At present, the daily necessities of rare earth aluminum alloy have been widely used, and the products have increased significantly, and are sold well in the domestic and foreign markets.
04 Applicationem rara terra Aluminium Alloy in aliis facies
Addit paucis millia rara terra in maxime late usi al si seriem mittentem stille potest significantly amplio ad machining perficientur de stoney. Multi faces products sunt in aircraft, naves, automobiles, Diesel Engines, Motorcycles et CATRURATUS vehicles (Piston, Gearbox, cylindrici et applicationem, quod est inventus quod est maxime in aluminum et proprietatibus et proprietatibus Alloys et proprietatibus et proprietatibus et adimpletam et proprietatibus Alloys et proprietatibus et proprietatibus Alloys et proprietatibus et adimplere. It has strong dispersion strengthening, grain refinement strengthening, solution strengthening and microalloy strengthening effects on aluminum, and can improve the strength, hardness, plasticity, toughness, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, etc. of alloys.Sc Al series alloys have been used in high-tech industries such as aerospace, ships, high-speed trains, light vehicles, etc.C557Al Mg Zr SC serie Scandium Aluminium Aluminium Developed by Nasa habet princeps vires et altum temperatus et humilis temperatus stabilitatem et applicantur ad aircraft felae et aircraft structural partibus, in Russia est applicantur ad cryogenic cisternam de spacecraft.
Ex Libri XXXIII, Part I de Rara terra by Wang Hui, Yang an et Yun Qi
Post tempus: Jul-05-2023