E mohio ana tatou katoa, ko nga kohuke whenua onge i Haina ko te nuinga o nga waahanga marama o te whenua onge, he nui atu i te 60% te nui o te lanthanum me te cerium.Na te pikinga o nga rauemi aukume tuturu o te whenua onge, nga taonga onge whenua onge, onge whenua oro paura me te whenua onge i roto i te umanga whakarewa i Haina ia tau, ia tau, kei te piki haere te tono mo te whenua onge me te taumaha i te maakete o-whare. he nui te tuara o nga whenua onge marama te nui pera i a Ce, La me Pr, e arai ana ki te kore tauritenga nui i waenga i te whakamahi me te tono rawa whenua onge i Haina.E kitea ana ko nga mea marama onge whenua e whakaatu ana i te pai o te mahi catalytic me te whaihuatanga i roto i te tukanga tauhohenga matū na runga i o raatau hanganga anga hiko 4f motuhake.Na reira, ko te whakamahi i te whenua onge marama hei rauemi catalytic he huarahi pai mo te whakamahi matawhānui i nga rawa whenua onge.Ko te Catalyst he momo matū ka taea te whakatere i te tauhohenga matū me te kore e pau i mua i muri i te tauhohenga.Ko te whakapakari i te rangahau taketake o te catalysis whenua onge e kore e taea anake te whakapai ake i te pai o te whakaputa, engari ano hoki te penapena rauemi me te kaha me te whakaiti i te parahanga o te taiao, e rite ana ki te ahunga rautaki o te whanaketanga taumau.
He aha nga mea onge o te whenua ka whai mahi catalytic?
Ko nga huānga whenua onge he hanganga hiko o waho motuhake (4f), e mahi ana hei ngota matua o te matatini, he maha nga tau ruruku mai i te 6 ki te 12. Ko te rerekeetanga o te tau ruruku o nga huānga onge whenua ka whakatau he "valence toenga" .Na te 4f e whitu nga orbital irahiko valence taapiri me te kaha hono, ka whai waahi ia ki te "hononga matū matū", "te toenga toenga" ranei. He mea tika tenei kaha mo te whakakōkī ōkawa.Na reira, ko nga huānga whenua onge ehara i te mea he mahi catalytic anake, engari ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei taapiri, hei cocatalysts ranei hei whakapai ake i te mahi catalytic o te whakakorikori, ina koa te kaha anti-hoholo me te kaha anti-poisoning.
I tenei wa, ko te mahi a te nano cerium oxide me te nano lanthanum oxide i roto i te maimoatanga o te ngongo motuka kua noho hei kaupapa hou.
Ko nga waahanga kino i roto i te ngongo motuka ko te CO, HC me te NOx.Ko te whenua onge e whakamahia ana i roto i te whakakorikori para motika motika onge whenua he ranunga o te cerium oxide, praseodymium oxide me te lanthanum oxide.Ko te whakakorikori para motika motika onge whenua he mea tito he waikura matatini o te whenua onge me te cobalt, te konupora me te mata.He momo whakakorikori ternary me te perovskite, te momo spinel me te hanganga, kei roto i te cerium oxide te waahanga matua.Na nga ahuatanga redox o te cerium oxide, ka taea te whakahaere pai i nga waahanga o te hau pau.
Ko te nuinga o te whakakorikori para mo te horoi o te motopaika o te honikoma (metara ranei) kawe me te paninga whakahoahoa mata.Ko te paninga kua whakahoahohia he waahi nui γ-Al2O3, te nui o te waikura mo te whakapumau i te mata o te mata me te whakarewa kaha kua marara ki roto i te paninga.Hei whakaiti i te kai o te pt utu nui me te RH, whakanuia te kai o te Pd iti me te whakaiti i te utu o te whakakorikori, I runga i te kaupapa o te kore e whakaiti i te mahi o te whakakorikori para motika motika, he nui te CeO2 me La2O3 ka taapirihia ki roto i te whakakikoruatia whakakorikori o te Pt-Pd-Rh whakakōkī ternary whakamahia nuitia ki te hanga i te whenua onge whakakōkī ternary whakarewa utu nui ki te pānga catalytic pai.Ko te La2O3(UG-La01) me te CeO2 i whakamahia hei kaiwhakatairanga hei whakapai ake i te mahi a γ- Al2O3 i tautokohia nga whakakorikori whakarewa rangatira.E ai ki te rangahau, CeO2, Ko te tikanga matua o La2O3 i roto i nga whakakōkī whakarewa maitai ko e whai ake nei:
1. whakapai ake i te mahi catalytic o te paninga hohe mā te tāpiri CeO2 ki te pupuri i te matūriki whakarewa utu nui marara i roto i te paninga hohe, kia rite ki te karo i te whakaiti o nga tohu reanga catalytic me te kino ki te mahi na te sintering.Ko te taapiri i te CeO2(UG-Ce01) ki roto i te Pt/γ-Al2O3 ka taea te marara i runga i te γ-Al2O3 i roto i te paparanga kotahi (ko te nui rawa o te marara o te paparanga kotahi ko 0.035g CeO2/g γ-Al2O3), ka huri i nga ahuatanga o te mata o te γ. -Al2O3 me te whakapai ake i te tohu marara o Pt.I te wa e rite ana te ihirangi CeO2 ki te tata ranei ki te paepae marara, ka eke te tohu marara o Pt ki te teitei.Ko te paepae marara o CeO2 te inenga pai rawa atu o CeO2.I roto i te hau hāora i runga ake i te 600 ℃, ka ngaro te mahi a Rh na te hanganga o te otinga totoka i waenga i te Rh2O3 me te Al2O3.Ko te noho o CeO2 ka ngoikore te tauhohenga i waenga i te Rh me te Al2O3 me te pupuri i te whakahohenga o te Rh.Ka taea hoki e La2O3 (UG-La01) te aukati i te tipu o nga matūriki ultrafine Pt. Ko te taapiri i te CeO2 me te La2O3 (UG-La01) ki te Pd / γ 2al2o3, i kitea ko te taapiri o te CeO2 i whakatairanga i te marara o Pd i runga i te kaikawe me te whakaputa i tetahi whakahekenga mahitahi.Ko te marara nui o Pd me tana taunekeneke ki te CeO2 i runga i te Pd / γ2Al2O3 ko te matua ki te mahi nui o te whakakorikori.
2. Ko te ōwehenga hau-wahie kua whakatika-aunoa (aπ f) Ka piki ake te pāmahana o te motuka, ka huri ranei te aratau taraiwa me te tere, ka huri te rere o te rere me te hanganga hau, ka puta nga tikanga mahi o te ngongo waka. Ka huri tonu te whakakorikori horoi hau ka pa ana ki tana mahi catalytic.He mea tika ki te whakatika i te π wahie ōwehenga o te hau ki te ōwehenga stoichiometric o 1415~1416, kia taea e te whakakōkī te hoatu purei katoa ki tona mahi purenga.Ko te CeO2 he waikura valence taurangi (Ce4 +ΠCe3+), kei a ia nga ahuatanga o te. N-momo semiconductor, a he pai te rokiroki hāora me te kaha tuku.Ka huri te ōwehenga A π F, ka taea e CeO2 te mahi pai ki te whakatikatika hihiri i te ōwehenga hau-wahie.Arā, ka tukuna te O2 ina he tuwhene te wahie hei awhina i te CO me te waiwaro ki te waikura;Ki te nui te hau, he mahi whakaheke a CeO2-x ka tauhohe ki te NOx ki te tango NOx mai i te hau remu kia whiwhi CeO2.
3. Te Painga o te cocatalyst Ina ko te ranunga o te aπ f kei roto i te ōwehenga stoichiometric, haunga te tauhohenga waikura o H2, CO, HC me te tauhohenga whakahekenga o NOx, ka taea hoki e te CeO2 te cocatalyst te whakatere i te heke hau wai me te tauhohenga whakahou mamaoa me te whakaiti i te ihirangi o CO me HC.Ka taea e La2O3 te whakapai ake i te tere o te hurihanga i roto i te tauhohenga heke hau wai me te tauhohenga reforming steam hydrocarbon. Ko te hauwai i hangaia he painga ki te whakaiti NOx.Ko te taapiri i te La2O3 ki te Pd / CeO2 -γ-Al2O3 mo te methanol decomposition, i kitea ko te taapiri o te La2O3 i aukati i te hanga o te hua o te dimethyl ether me te whakapai ake i te mahi catalytic o te whakakorikori.Ina 10% te ihirangi o te La2O3, he pai te mahi a te whakakorikori, ka eke te huringa methanol ki te teitei (mo te 91.4%).E whakaatu ana tenei he pai te marara o La2O3 i runga i te kaikawe γ-Al2O3. I tua atu, i whakatairangahia te whakamararatanga o te CeO2 i runga i te kaikawe γ2Al2O3 me te whakaheke i te nuinga o te hāora, i pai ake te marara o te Pd me te whakarei ake i te taunekeneke i waenga i te Pd me te CeO2, na reira ka pai ake te mahi whakakōkī o te whakakōkī mō te pirau methanol.
E ai ki nga ahuatanga o te tiaki i te taiao o naianei me te tukanga whakamahi kaha hou, me whakawhanake a Haina i nga taonga whakangao o te whenua onge me nga mana mana hinengaro motuhake, te whakatutuki i te whakamahi pai o nga rawa whenua onge, te whakatairanga i te auahatanga hangarau o nga rauemi catalytic whenua onge, me te mohio ki te peke. -whakawhanake whakamua o nga tautau ahumahi hangarau-nui e pa ana penei i te whenua onge, te taiao me te kaha hou.
I tenei wa, ko nga hua e tukuna ana e te kamupene ko te nano zirconia, te nano titania, te nano alumina, te nano konumohe hydroxide, te nano zinc oxide, te nano silicon oxide, te nano magnesium oxide, te nano magnesium hydroxide, te nano copper oxide, te nano yttrium oxide, te nano cerium oxide. , nano lanthanum oxide, nano tungsten trioxide, nano ferroferric oxide, nano antibacterial agent me te graphene.Ko te kounga o te hua he pumau, a kua hokona i roto i nga roopu e nga umanga maha.
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Wā tuku: Akuhata-23-2021