Mawu Oyamba pa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zachilengedwe Zosowa
Zosowa zapadziko lapansi zimadziwika kuti "mavitamini ogulitsa", okhala ndi maginito abwino kwambiri, owoneka bwino komanso magetsi, kuti apititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito, kuonjezera mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinthu, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito achita gawo lalikulu. Chifukwa cha gawo lalikulu la zosowa zapadziko lapansi, kugwiritsa ntchito ang'onoang'ono, kwakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera kapangidwe kazinthu, kukonza zasayansi ndiukadaulo, kulimbikitsa kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo mumakampani, kwagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzitsulo, zankhondo, petrochemical, zoumba zamagalasi. , ulimi ndi zipangizo zatsopano ndi madera ena.
Makampani opanga zitsulo
Ana osowa padziko lapansi ana ndi masisitere akhala ntchito m'munda wa zitsulo kwa zaka zoposa 30, ndipo apanga luso okhwima kwambiri ndi luso, osowa nthaka mu zitsulo, zitsulo sanali ferrous, ndi dera lalikulu, ali ndi chiyembekezo yotakata. Zosowa zapadziko lapansi zitsulo kapena fluoride, silicate wowonjezera chitsulo, amatha kugwira ntchito yoyenga, desulfurization, sing'anga ndi otsika kusungunuka mfundo zoipa zonyansa, ndipo akhoza kusintha processing ntchito zitsulo; Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu magalimoto, thirakitala, injini dizilo ndi mafakitale ena makina kupanga, osowa lapansi zitsulo anawonjezera magnesium, zitsulo zotayidwa, mkuwa, nthaka, faifi tambala ndi kasakaniza waing'ono sanali ferrous, akhoza kusintha thupi ndi mankhwala zimatha aloyi, ndi bwino. kutentha kwa chipinda ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa makina a alloys.
Chifukwa maiko osowa amakhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri monga optical ndi electromagnetic, amatha kupanga zida zatsopano zokhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso zida zina zambiri, zomwe zimatha kupititsa patsogolo luso ndi magwiridwe antchito azinthu zina. Choncho, pali dzina la "golide mafakitale". Choyamba, kuwonjezera pa osowa nthaka akhoza kwambiri kusintha ntchito akasinja, ndege, zoponya, zitsulo, zotayidwa aloyi, magnesium aloyi, titaniyamu aloyi tactical ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, nthaka yosowa itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zamagetsi, ma lasers, mafakitale anyukiliya, superconducting ndi mafuta ena ambiri apamwamba kwambiri. Ukatswiri wapadziko lonse lapansi, womwe unkagwiritsidwa ntchito m'gulu lankhondo, mosakayikira udzabweretsa patsogolo sayansi yankhondo ndi luso lazopangapanga. Mwanjira ina, kuwongolera kwakukulu kwa asitikali aku US pankhondo zam'deralo zomwe zachitika pambuyo pa Cold War, komanso kuthekera kwake kupha adani mopanda malire komanso pagulu, ndichifukwa cha gulu lake laukadaulo lapadziko lapansi losowa kwambiri.
Petrochemicals
Zosowa zapadziko lapansi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wa petrochemical kupanga zopangira ma molekyulu a sieve, ndi ntchito yayikulu, kusankha bwino, kukana mwamphamvu poyizoni wazitsulo zolemera ndi zabwino zina, motero m'malo mwa zida za aluminium silicate zopangira mafuta opangira mafuta; mankhwala ake mpweya buku ndi 1.5 nthawi zazikulu kuposa faifi tambala zotayidwa chothandizira, m`kati kaphatikizidwe mphira shunbutyl ndi mphira isoprene, ntchito cyclane asidi osowa lapansi - atatu isobutyl zotayidwa chothandizira, analandira mankhwala ntchito ndi zabwino, ndi zochepa zipangizo atapachikidwa. guluu, ntchito khola, njira yochepa pambuyo mankhwala ndi ubwino zina; ndi zina zotero.
Magalasi a ceramic
Kuchulukirachulukira kwa nthaka yosowa m'makampani agalasi ndi zida zadothi ku China kwakhala kukuchulukirachulukira pafupifupi 25% kuyambira 1988, kufika pafupifupi matani 1600 mu 1998, ndipo zoumba zamagalasi osowa padziko lapansi sizimangokhala zida zachikhalidwe zamakampani ndi moyo, koma. komanso mamembala akuluakulu a gawo laukadaulo wapamwamba. Ma oxides osowa kwambiri padziko lapansi kapena opangidwa ndi osowa padziko lapansi amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ufa wonyezimira womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mugalasi lakumaso, magalasi owonera, machubu oyerekeza, ma oscilloscopetubes, galasi lathyathyathya, pulasitiki ndi kupukuta zitsulo; Pofuna kuchotsa mtundu wobiriwira pagalasi, kuwonjezera kwa ma oxides osowa padziko lapansi kungapangitse ntchito zosiyanasiyana za galasi la kuwala ndi galasi lapadera, kuphatikizapo magalasi a infrared, UV-absorbing galasi, asidi ndi galasi yosagwira kutentha, galasi la X-ray-proof. , etc., mu ceramic ndi enamel kuti awonjezere malo osowa, amatha kuchepetsa kuphulika kwa glaze, Ndipo amatha kupanga zinthu zowonetsera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi zowala, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani a ceramic.
Ulimi
Zotsatira zake zikuwonetsa kuti zinthu zomwe sizipezeka m'nthaka zimatha kusintha chlorophyll zomwe zili muzomera, kuwonjezera photosynthesis, kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mizu, ndikuwonjezera kuyamwa kwa michere mumizu. Mantha osowa amathanso kulimbikitsa kumera kwa mbewu, kukulitsa kameredwe ka mbewu, ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwa mbande. Kuwonjezera pamwamba maudindo akuluakulu, komanso amatha kupanga mbewu zina kumapangitsanso kukana matenda, kuzizira, chilala kukana. Kafukufuku wochuluka wasonyezanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito ndende zoyenera za zinthu zosawerengeka zapadziko lapansi kungalimbikitse kuyamwa, kutembenuka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya m'zomera. Kupopera mbewu pa nthaka yosowa kutha kupititsa patsogolo kuchuluka kwa Vc, shuga wokwanira ndi chiŵerengero cha asidi-asidi wa zipatso za maapulo ndi zipatso za citrus, ndikulimbikitsa kukongola kwa zipatso ndi kukongola. Ikhoza kulepheretsa kupuma mphamvu panthawi yosungiramo ndikuchepetsa kuchepa kwa kuwonongeka.
Zida zatsopano
Zosowa padziko lapansi ferrite boron okhazikika maginito chuma, ndi mkulu otsalira maginito, mkulu mafupa mphamvu ndi mkulu maginito kudzikundikira mphamvu ndi makhalidwe ena, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu makampani zamagetsi ndi Zamlengalenga ndi kuyendetsa makina opangira mphepo (makamaka oyenera m'mphepete mwa nyanja magetsi zomera); - Magetsi a aluminiyamu ndi galasi la niobium lopangidwa kuchokera ku zirconium yoyera kwambiri angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zida zolimba za laser; ma boroncans osowa padziko lapansi angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga zida za cathodic zotulutsa pakompyuta; niobium nickel metal ndi chinthu chatsopano chosungiramo haidrojeni m'ma 1970; ndi chromic acid ndi kutentha kwambiri kwa thermoelectric material Pakalipano, zipangizo zamakono zopangidwa ndi niobium-based oxides ndi kusintha kwa niobium-based oxygen element padziko lapansi zimatha kupeza ma superconductors mumadzi otentha a nayitrogeni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chitukuko. za superconducting zipangizo. Kuphatikiza apo, dziko lapansi losowa limagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pakuwunikira monga phosphors, phosphors yowonekera pazenera, phosphors yamtundu wamitundu itatu, ufa wojambulidwa (koma chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kwamitengo yosowa padziko lapansi, motero kuyatsa kumachepa pang'onopang'ono), kuwonetseratu. mapiritsi a wailesi yakanema ndi zinthu zina zamagetsi; Itha kuwonjezera zotulutsa zake ndi 5 mpaka 10%, mumakampani opanga nsalu, chloride yosowa padziko lapansi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pakuwotcha ubweya, utoto waubweya, utoto waubweya ndi utoto wapamphasa, komanso nthaka yosowa ingagwiritsidwe ntchito posinthira magalimoto othandizira kuti achepetse zazikulu. zowononga mu injini zimatulutsa gasi kukhala zinthu zopanda poizoni.
Mapulogalamu ena
Zinthu zosawerengeka zapadziko lapansi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zama digito kuphatikiza zowonera, kujambula, kulumikizana ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zama digito, kuti zikwaniritse zomwe zili zing'onozing'ono, mwachangu, zopepuka, zogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali, kupulumutsa mphamvu ndi zina zambiri zofunika. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ku mphamvu zobiriwira, chithandizo chamankhwala, kuyeretsa madzi, zoyendetsa ndi zina.