Monga tonse tikudziwira, mchere wosowa padziko lapansi ku China umapangidwa makamaka ndi zigawo zapadziko lapansi, zomwe lanthanum ndi cerium zimaposa 60%. Ndi kukula kwa osowa dziko okhazikika maginito zipangizo, osowa dziko lapansi luminescent zipangizo, osowa nthaka kupukuta ufa ndi osowa dziko mu makampani metallurgical ku China chaka ndi chaka, kufunika kwa sing'anga ndi katundu osowa dziko mu msika zoweta nawonso kukula rapidly.It wachititsa kutsalira kwakukulu kwa dziko lapansi losowa kwambiri monga Ce, La ndi Pr, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusalinganika kwakukulu pakati pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chuma chosowa padziko lapansi ku China. Zapezeka kuti zinthu zopepuka zapadziko lapansi zowoneka bwino zimawonetsa magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso mphamvu pamachitidwe amankhwala chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo apadera a 4f electron shell. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka yosowa kwambiri ngati zinthu zothandizira ndi njira yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito mokwanira zinthu zapadziko lapansi. Catalyst ndi mtundu wazinthu zomwe zimatha kufulumizitsa kuchitapo kanthu kwamankhwala ndipo sizimadyedwa musanachite komanso pambuyo pake. Kulimbitsa kafukufuku wofunikira wa catalysis osowa padziko lapansi sikungangowonjezera mphamvu zopanga, komanso kupulumutsa chuma ndi mphamvu ndikuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi malangizo a chitukuko chokhazikika.
N'chifukwa chiyani zinthu zapadziko lapansi zomwe sizipezekapezeka zili ndi ntchito yothandiza?
Zinthu zosawerengeka zapadziko lapansi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera akunja amagetsi (4f), omwe amakhala ngati atomu yapakati ya zovutazo ndipo ali ndi manambala osiyanasiyana olumikizirana kuyambira 6 mpaka 12. Kusiyanasiyana kwa kulumikizana kwa chiwerengero cha zinthu zapadziko lapansi zosowa kumatsimikizira kuti ali ndi "valence yotsalira" . Chifukwa 4f ili ndi ma orbitals asanu ndi awiri a valence ma elekitironi okhala ndi kuthekera kolumikizana, imagwira ntchito ngati "zosunga zobwezeretsera mankhwala" kapena "valence yotsalira". Chifukwa chake, zinthu zapadziko lapansi zosowa sizingokhala ndi zochita zolimbitsa thupi, komanso zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowonjezera kapena cocatalysts kuti zithandizire kukonza magwiridwe antchito azinthu zolimbitsa thupi, makamaka mphamvu zotsutsa kukalamba komanso kuthekera kolimbana ndi poyizoni.
Pakalipano, ntchito ya nano cerium oxide ndi nano lanthanum oxide pochiza utsi wagalimoto yakhala chinthu chatsopano.
Zida zowopsa pakutha kwagalimoto makamaka zimaphatikizapo CO, HC ndi NOx. Dziko losowa lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito muzothandizira kuyeretsa utsi wamagalimoto osowa padziko lapansi ndi osakaniza a cerium oxide, praseodymium oxide ndi lanthanum oxide. Chothandizira kuyeretsa magalimoto osowa padziko lapansi chimapangidwa ndi ma oxide ovuta adziko lapansi osowa ndi cobalt, manganese ndi lead. Ndi mtundu wa ternary catalyst ndi perovskite, mtundu wa spinel ndi mapangidwe, momwe cerium oxide ndi gawo lofunikira.
Chothandizira choyeretsera utsi wagalimoto chimapangidwa makamaka ndi chonyamulira cha zisa za ceramic (kapena zitsulo) ndi zokutira zoyatsidwa pamwamba. Chophimbacho chimapangidwa ndi malo akuluakulu γ-Al2O3, kuchuluka koyenera kwa okusayidi kuti akhazikike pamtunda komanso zitsulo zogwira ntchito zomwe zimamwazikana mu zokutira. Kuti muchepetse kugwiritsa ntchito pt ndi RH yamtengo wapatali, onjezerani kugwiritsa ntchito Pd yotsika mtengo ndikuchepetsa mtengo wa chothandizira,Poganizira kuti musachepetse magwiridwe antchito a chothandizira choyeretsera utsi wagalimoto, kuchuluka kwa CeO2 ndi La2O3 nthawi zambiri kumawonjezeredwa. kutsegulira kwa chothandizira chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri cha Pt-Pd-Rh kuti apange chothandizira chamtengo wapatali chamtengo wapatali chapadziko lapansi chomwe chili ndi mphamvu yothandiza kwambiri. La2O3(UG-La01) ndi CeO2 adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati olimbikitsa kuti apititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito a γ- Al2O3 adathandizira zopangira zitsulo zabwino kwambiri. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, CeO2, limagwirira waukulu wa La2O3 mu wolemekezeka zitsulo catalysts motere:
1. Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yothandizira ya ❖ kuyanika powonjezera CeO2 kusunga zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zomwe zimabalalika mu zokutira zogwira ntchito, kuti mupewe kuchepa kwa mfundo za lattice komanso kuwonongeka kwa ntchito yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi sintering. Powonjezera CeO2(UG-Ce01) mu Pt/γ-Al2O3 imatha kumwazikana pa γ-Al2O3 mugawo limodzi (kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa kusanjikiza kamodzi ndi 0.035g CeO2/g γ-Al2O3), komwe kumasintha mawonekedwe a γ -Al2O3 ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa Pt.Pamene CeO2 yokhutira ndi yofanana kapena pafupi ndi malire a kubalalitsidwa, dipatimenti ya kubalalitsidwa kwa Pt imafika pamwamba kwambiri. Kufalikira kwa CeO2 ndiye mlingo wabwino kwambiri wa CeO2. M'mlengalenga wa oxidation pamwamba pa 600 ℃, Rh imataya kutsegulira kwake chifukwa chopanga njira yolimba pakati pa Rh2O3 ndi Al2O3. Kukhalapo kwa CeO2 kudzafooketsa zomwe zimachitika pakati pa Rh ndi Al2O3 ndikusunga kutsegulira kwa Rh. La2O3 (UG-La01) ingalepheretsenso kukula kwa Pt ultrafine particles.Kuwonjezera CeO2 ndi La2O3 (UG-La01) ku Pd/γ 2al2o3, zinapezeka kuti kuwonjezera kwa CeO2 kumalimbikitsa kubalalitsidwa kwa Pd pa chonyamuliracho ndipo kunapanga kuchepetsa synergistic. Kubalalika kwakukulu kwa Pd ndi kuyanjana kwake ndi CeO2 pa Pd/γ2Al2O3 ndiye chinsinsi cha ntchito yayikulu ya chothandizira.
2. Chiyerekezo chamafuta a mpweya wokhazikika (aπ f) Kutentha koyambira kwagalimoto kukwera, kapena njira yoyendetsera ndikusintha liwiro, kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi mpweya wotulutsa mpweya zimasintha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito agalimoto azitha. chothandizira choyeretsa gasi chimasintha nthawi zonse ndipo chimakhudza magwiridwe antchito ake. Ndikofunikira kusintha chiŵerengero cha π chamafuta a mpweya ku chiŵerengero cha stoichiometric cha 1415 ~ 1416, kuti chothandizira chikhoza kupereka kusewera kwathunthu ku ntchito yake yoyeretsa. Semiconductor yamtundu wa N, ndipo ili ndi malo abwino osungira okosijeni komanso kutulutsa mphamvu. Chiyerekezo cha A π F chikasintha, CeO2 imatha kugwira ntchito yabwino kwambiri pakuwongolera kuchuluka kwamafuta a mpweya. Ndiko kuti, O2 imatulutsidwa pamene mafuta ali owonjezera kuti athandize CO ndi hydrocarbon oxidize; Pakakhala mpweya wochuluka, CeO2-x imagwira ntchito yochepetsera ndikuchitapo kanthu ndi NOx kuchotsa NOx ku mpweya wotuluka kuti mupeze CeO2.
3. Zotsatira za cocatalyst Pamene chisakanizo cha aπ f chili mu chiŵerengero cha stoichiometric, kuphatikizapo makutidwe ndi okosijeni a H2, CO, HC ndi kuchepetsa zomwe NOx, CeO2 monga cocatalyst imathanso kufulumizitsa kusamuka kwa gasi wamadzi ndi kusintha kwa nthunzi ndikuchepetsa Zomwe zili mu CO ndi HC. La2O3 akhoza kusintha mlingo kutembenuka mu madzi mpweya kusamuka anachita ndi hydrocarbon nthunzi kusintha reaction.The kwaiye wa hydrogen ndi opindulitsa NOx kuchepetsa. Kuwonjezera La2O3 ku Pd/ CeO2 -γ-Al2O3 kwa kuwonongeka kwa methanol, zinapezeka kuti kuwonjezera kwa La2O3 kunalepheretsa mapangidwe a mankhwala a dimethyl ether ndikuwongolera ntchito yothandizira ya chothandizira. Pamene zomwe zili mu La2O3 ndi 10%, chothandizira chimakhala ndi ntchito yabwino ndipo kutembenuka kwa methanol kumafika pamtunda (pafupifupi 91.4%). Izi zikuwonetsa kuti La2O3 ili ndi kufalikira kwabwino pa chonyamulira cha γ-Al2O3. Kuphatikiza apo, idalimbikitsa kubalalitsidwa kwa CeO2 pa chonyamulira cha γ2Al2O3 komanso kuchepetsa mpweya wochuluka, kupititsa patsogolo kufalikira kwa Pd ndikupititsa patsogolo kuyanjana pakati pa Pd ndi CeO2, motero kuwongolera chothandizira chothandizira kuwonongeka kwa methanol.
Malinga ndi mawonekedwe achitetezo chachilengedwe komanso njira yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zatsopano, dziko la China liyenera kupanga zida zogwiritsira ntchito kwambiri padziko lapansi zomwe zili ndi ufulu wodziyimira pawokha waluso, kukwaniritsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu zapadziko lapansi, kulimbikitsa luso laukadaulo lazinthu zosowa padziko lapansi, ndikuzindikira kudumphadumpha. -kupititsa patsogolo magulu okhudzana ndi mafakitale apamwamba monga dziko losowa, chilengedwe ndi mphamvu zatsopano.
Pakalipano, zinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi kampaniyi zikuphatikizapo nano zirconia, nano titania, nano alumina, nano aluminium hydroxide, nano zinc oxide, nano silicon oxide, nano magnesium oxide, nano magnesium hydroxide, nano copper oxide, nano yttrium oxide, nano cerium oxide. , nano lanthanum oxide, nano tungsten trioxide, nano ferroferric oxide, nano antibacterial agent ndi graphene.Ubwino wa mankhwalawa ndi wokhazikika, ndipo wagulidwa m'magulu ndi makampani amitundu yosiyanasiyana.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-23-2021