Zinthu zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansindi nthawi zambiri za zitsulo za 17, kuphatikizapo 15 lamba ndiposinandiumndiYNTrium. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18, agwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Metalloggy, ma ceramic, galasi, mikangano, ulimi ndi nkhalango zina. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe padziko lapansi komwe kumachitika m'makampani anga adokoni kunayamba m'ma 1930s. Mu 1970s, kuchuluka kwathunthu kwadziko lapansiZogwiritsidwa ntchito muzinthu za cderamic zidafika 70t / chaka, kuwerengera pafupifupi 2% mpaka 3% ya zopangidwa zonse zapakhomo. Pakadali pano, anthu osowa kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'magulu a Ceramic, ntchito za ceramics, ceramic grazes ndi minda ina. Ndi chitukuko mosalekeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zatsopano zapadziko lapansi, zowonjezera zapadziko lapansi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga zowonjezera, zolimbitsa thupi komanso zothandizira pochita, zimachepetsa ndalama zambiri, ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zawo zopanga.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe padziko lapansi m'njira zoyeserera
■ Kugwiritsa ntchitoAl2o3Centics Alto3 Cento3 Centics ndi zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zazikulu chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri, kusokonezeka kwa magetsi, kusokonekera, kuwonongeka kwa ma elekitikiya. Kuwonjezera dziko losowa kwambiri mongaY2o3, La2o3, SM2O3, etc. imatha kukonza zonyowa za zitsulo za al2o3, zimachepetsa malo osungunuka; Kuchepetsa chidwi cha nkhaniyi ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka; Lolani kusamukira kwa manyezi ena, muchepetse malire a tirigu, cholepheretsa kukula kwa tirigu, ndikuthandizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa nyumba zomvekera; Sinthani mphamvu ya gawo lagalasi, potero amatha kukwaniritsa cholinga chosintha mphamvu yamakina a Alyo3 ceramics.
■ Kugwiritsa ntchitoSi3n4Ceramicsia3n4 Ceramics ali ndi mphamvu zambiri zamagetsi, katundu wopanga ndi kukhazikika kwamankhwala, ndipo ndi zinthu zodalirika kwambiri zamadzimadzi ambiri kutentha. Popeza SI3N4 ndi Count Cound Count, SI3N4 siyingatchulidwe ndi gawo lolimba la chimo. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera pa zomwe zingachitike ochimwa mwachindunji ndi ufa wa SI ufa, thandizo lina la kuchimwa liyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti apange zinthu zowotchera. Pakadali pano, zothandizira ku Edzi zolimbitsa thupi pokonzekera SI3N4 Ceramics ndizosowa kwambiri padziko lapansiY2o3, Nd2o3, ndipoLa2o3. Kumbali imodzi, dziko lapansi losowa izi limakhudzana ndi Sio2 Pamwamba pa SI3n4 ufa pamtunda wa nayitrogeni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuphwanya ukadaulo wa Si3n4 za SI3n4. Kumbali inayo, amapanga y-la-s-sti-sti-sti-starmies yokwanira ndi mafayilo ambiri oyenda bwino, ndipo ndiosavuta kupuma kwambiri
■ Kugwiritsa ntchitoZRO2Ceramic Zro2 Ceramics ali ndi mphamvu zambiri, zosungunuka kwambiri komanso kuuma, makamaka kulimba kwambiri mphamvu ndi kuwonongeka kwamphamvu, komwe ndi zapamwamba kwambiri pakati pa ma ceramic onse. Popeza kusintha kwa galasi kwa Zro2 kumayendetsedwa ndi kusintha kwa voliyumu yodziwikiratu, kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji ndizochepa. Ndi kuyerekezera kwa ntchito ya kafukufuku, kumapezeka kuti kuwonjezera kwa dziko lapansi ma olides kuli bwino komanso kukhazikika pa gawo la ZRR2. Ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri okhala ndi anthu ambiri amakhala makamakaY2o3,Nd2o3, ndi Ce2o3. Mutu wawo wa ionic ndi pafupi ndi ZR4, ndipo amatha kupanga monoclinic, tetragonal ndi cubic zothetsera zokwanira ndi ZRR2. Zinthu zamtunduwu za ZRE2 zili ndi zisonyezo zabwino zaukadaulo. Mwachitsanzo,CEO2Itha kupanga dera la tetragonal zirconia njira yolimba mu ZRR2, yomwe ndi zinthu zabwino zolimba electrolyte. Y2o3-yokhazikika ZRO2 (YSZ) ndi nkhani yabwino kwambiri ya oxygen, yomwe yagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'maselo opangira mafuta osungirako ma oxide (sofc), masensa a mpweya, ndi methane tsata
■ Kugwiritsa ntchitoWosayinabalariaSilicon CarbideCeramics sagwirizana ndi kutentha kwambiri, kugwedezeka kwa mafuta, kutunkha, kuvala, kumawoneka bwino komanso kulemera kwamagetsi, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri. Mawonekedwe olimba opezekaWosayinaDziwani kuti ndizovuta kukwaniritsa chizindikiritso cha uchimo m'malo mwabwinobwino. Nthawi zambiri pamafunika kuwonjezera zothandizira kuchimwa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha komanso kutentha kotentha kokankhasinkha njira. Njira zopanga ndizovuta ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera. Thandizo lothandiza kwambiri kuchimwa pokakamizidwa ndi ochimwa ndi alyo3-yo3; Sic-yag yazojambula za Sic
■ Kugwiritsa ntchitoAmbbalariaAmbndi mgwirizano wolumikizana ndi malo owoneka bwino, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, otsika aefelectic, ndikulimbana ndi kututa kwa zitsulo ndi ma emospom monga chitsulo. Imakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri kukana kwamlengalenga ndipo ndi gawo labwino kwambiri lophatikizidwa ndi madera ophatikizika ndi zinthu. Popeza Aln ndi cholumikizira Covale, ochimwa amakhala ovuta kwambiri, ndipo chothandizira chiletso chimatha kuchepetsa kutentha kwa ochimwa kuti apange edzi yamphamvu yolimbitsa thupi kuti akwaniritse madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, Edzi yochimwa imathanso kuchita ndi zodetsa za okosijeni mkatiAmb, Chepetsani ntchito za aluminium yoyambitsidwa ndi oxygen osasunthika kukhala angwiro kukhala angwiro, ndikusintha mawonekedwe aAmb.
■ Kugwiritsa ntchito ku Aden Ceramic Silon Cererasics ndi mtundu wa SI-AL SANDE Polycrystalline nitride ceramics oyambitsidwa pamaziko aSi3n4ceramics. Amapangidwa ndi kulowetsedwa pang'ono kwa SI ma atomu ndi atomu mkatiSi3n4ndi ma atomu a al ndi o ma atomu mu Al2o3. Mphamvu zawo, kulimba mtima, ndi kukana kwa oxidation ndibwino kuposa Si3n4 Ceramics, ndipo ndizoyenera makamaka zama injini ndi zinthu zina zosagwirizana ndi ceramic. Zipangizo zamphamvu sizivuta kuti zithewe. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa dziko lapansi ma olides kumatha kupangika kwa gawo lamadzi kutentha, komwe kumalimbikitsa kuchimwa. Nthawi yomweyo, maudindo achilendo padziko lapansi amatha kulowa mbali ya í-si3n4 gawo la gawo lagalasi ndikupanga gawo lamagetsi, ndikusintha kutentha kwa chipinda ndi kutentha kwambiri kwa zinthuzo. Kafukufuku wawonetsa kuti kuwonjezera 1%Y2o3Itha kupanga gawo lagalasi kwambiri yotentha kwambiri ngati kuphwanya chinichimbo Silon Cerarics pabwino, komwe sikungolimbikitsa kuchimwa, komanso kumathandizanso kuwonongeka kwake. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonjezera pang'ono y2o3 imasintha kwambiri kukana kwake kwa oxidation.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansi muzogwira ntchito
Dziko lapansiamagwirizana kwambiri ndi ma ceramic. Kuwonjezera zinazinthu zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansiKwa zinthu zosaphika zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito sizingathandize kungosintha chochimwa, mphamvu, mphamvu, ndi zina zambiri, zimatha kusintha zotsatira zake zapadera.
1Udindo Wokhudza Zovuta Zapamwamba Kuyambira 1987, pomwe asayansi ochokera ku China, Japan, United States ndi mayiko ena adazindikira kuti anthu osungirako anthuyttrium barium mkuwa oxide. Kafukufuku waku Japan awonetsa kuti atatha kusintha y ybco ndiDziko Lopepuka(Ln) mongaNd, Sm, Eu, ndipoGd, Mphamvu yamagetsi yofunikira kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa dothi LNBCO imasinthidwa kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu ya maginito imakulitsanso mphamvu, yomwe ndi yamtengo wapatali kwambiri pamagetsi, kusungira mphamvu mphamvu. Kuwerengera ku yunivesiteZRO2monga gawo lapansi ndikuwotcha pafupifupi 200 ° C, ndikusintha y (kapena zinadziko lapansi) Eodiasis ndi cu pamtunda wa zigawo za mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndipo kutentha kunawachitira kutentha 800-900 ° C. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisumbu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotentha zolimba pamwamba pa 100k. Kiyuni ya Kagoshima ku Japan inawonjezeradziko lapansiLR ya SR ndi nb oxiks kuti apange filimu ya ceramic, yomwe idawonetsedwa pa 255k.
2 Kugwiritsa ntchito piezlalect ceramics kutsogolera Titanate (PBTO3) Ndi cenzoelectric ceremic yokhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zophatikizira zamagetsi. Ili ndi kutentha kwambiri kwa cur centie (490 ° C) ndi otsika kwambiri, ndipo ndi yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri ndi nyengo zambiri. Komabe, pakukonzekera ndi kuzizira kwake, ming'alu ya micro imakonda kupezeka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa cubic-tebragonal. Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, anthu osowa kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzisintha. Pambuyo muchikunja kwa 1150 ° C, Re-PBRICO3 CBRRATICICESS CARRRICES PAKUTI 99% ikhoza kupezeka. Microstruction imayenda bwino ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga transducer arras akugwira ntchito pansi pa 75mhz. Pakupita kuzithunzi tianateLa2o3, SM2O3, ndipoNd2o3, Kachimwayo wa Pzt Cetramics kungakhale kosinthika komanso zokhazikika zamagetsi ndi piezroelectric zomwe zingapezeke. Kuphatikiza apo, magwiridwe antchito a PZT amatha kukonza bwino powonjezera ochepa osowa kwambiriCEO2. Pambuyo powonjezera CEO2, kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa PZT Ceramics kumawonjezeka, komwe kumapangitsa kuti polaruriza kutentha kwambiri ndi gawo lamagetsi mu njirayi, ndipo kukana kwake nthawi yokalamba kumasinthanso nthawi. Pzt Ceramic Yosinthidwa ndidziko lapansizagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu magetsi am'madzi ambiri, omwe amapanga magetsi, akupanga ma tratsicm aortic acroucrs ndi zida zina.
3Kugwiritsa ntchito poyendetsa Ceramics Y.osowa kwambiri oxide Y2o3Zowonjezera zimakhala ndi zolimba ndi kukhazikika kwamankhwala pa kutentha kwambiri, ndi malo abwino osenda oxegen omwe akuchititsa, ndikukhala ndi udindo wochita zitsulo. Ma senso ogwidwa ndi ysz agwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kuyesa kupanikizika pang'ono povuta pamayendedwe apagalimoto Agwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makailesi ogulitsa, zimasungunuka, kapena zida zina zophatikizira. Komabe, YSZ Ceramics imangowonetsa mawonekedwe a ionic okwera pomwe matenthedwe amakhala apamwamba kuposa 900 ° C, kotero ntchito yawo ikadakhalabe yoletsa zoletsa zina. Kafukufuku yemwe alipo kwapeza kuti kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa Y2o3 kapenaGD2O3 to Bi2o3Ceramics yokhala ndi zochitika zapamwamba ionic imatha kukhazikika pa bio33 gawo lamtchire la nkhope yachiwiri kuchiwiri. At the same time, X-ray diffraction patterns have also shown that (Bi2O3)0.75·(Y2O3)0.25 and (Bi2O3)0.65·(Gd2O3)0.35 are both stable face-centered cubic structures with high oxygen ion conductivity. Pambuyo posenda mbali iyi ndi filimu yoteteza (ZRO2) 0.92 (YOO) 0.92, maselo a mafuta omwe amatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ochulukirapo a Ionic ndi osokoneza bongo omwe amabweretsedwa ndi ukadaulo wa kutentha kwambiri.
4 Kugwiritsa ntchito mu Dielectic Speramics Slamics kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma capitoc ndi microwave seelectric. Mu dielect chramics mongaTio2, Mgtio3,Asilinndi mtundu wawo wa Identics, kuwonjezeradziko lapansiMonga La, ND, ndi Dy imatha kusintha kwambiri za diecleclic. Mwachitsanzo. Mu Dielectic Chrimics pakubwezera ndalama zolipirira, zolengedwa zapadziko lapansi zimathanso kuwonjezedwa moyenera monga zikuyenera kusintha kapena kusintha njira zokwanira, komanso chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chogwiritsira ntchito. Capacitor Capacturer Magnesium Tinanate Steramics amasinthidwa ndi La2o3, ndipo adalandira a La2o2-tio2 Centifics osamangokhala otsika kwambiri, komanso moyetsa kwambirinthawi zonse.
5 Kugwiritsa ntchito munjira yowoneka bwino kwa simeramics ndi mtundu wofunikira wazogwira ntchito. Amadziwika kuti amasamala zochitika zakunja monga magetsi, kapangidwe ka mpweya, kutentha, kumatha kusintha magawo kapena kusintha kwa magawo awo ophunzirira. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zinthu zowongolera madera olamulira, motero amatchedwanso sensor ceramics. Pali ubale wapamtima pakati pa zolengedwa zamtunduwu ndi magwiridwe antchito amtunduwu.
.La2o3to pzt, chowonekera pa Lanthanum Zirsanate Titanate (Plzt) electro-korona ma stramics akhoza kupezeka. Malo oyambilira a maty. Chifukwa chake, plzt ili ndi njira yabwino yoperekera. Plzt imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'matumba a zida zanyukiliya, mawindo olemera ophulika, ma modzina owoneka bwino, ma roolophic zida zojambulira, etc.
. Zno zno virramics adalemba ndi osowa kwambiriLa2o3, Val Valmage Vlma mtengo wake udakula kwambiri; Kuchuluka kwa chimbudzi chikawonjezeka kuchokera ku 0.1% mpaka 10%, osagwirizana ndi zogwirizana ndi theka la cerasentic adachepa kuyambira 20 mpaka 1, ndipo kwenikweni analibe katundu wa vinyo. Chifukwa chake, chifukwa Zno ConAmic, otsika kwambiri padziko lapansi, omwe ndi chinthu chotsika kwambiri padziko lapansi amatha kuwonjezera mtengo wake wa voliyumu mphamvu, koma sathandiza kwambiri pa zolowa; Ndi dope-ndende yapamwamba siziwonetsa mawonekedwe a varser.
.SnowndiFee2o3, ndipo apanga Abo3 ndi A2bo4 dziko lapansi zophatikizika ndi zida zosimbidwa. Zotsatira Zakufufuzira zikuwonetsa kuti kuwonjezera dziko lapansi ma oxis kwa ZNO kutha kwambiri kumverera kwa Propylene; kuwonjezeraCEO2Kuti ikhale yovuta yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi ethanol.
. Tikamachita zinthu zachilengedwe padziko lapansi monga LA, CE, SM, y, y, etc. Komabe, ngati ndalama zotsekerazi zimaposa phindu linalake, chifukwa cha ntchito za Ba2 + komanso kutha kwa zonyamula zankhanza, kusamvana kwanthawiyo kumadzuka kwambiri ndipo ngakhale zimakhala wopatsa mphamvu.
. PD0.91la0.09 (ZR0.65TI0.35) 0.95) 0.95)dziko lapansikuwonjezera pazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Tili ndi katundu wotumiza ndege zapadziko lapansi, kuti tigule dziko lapansi, kulandilidwa kuTsimikizani ife
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Post Nthawi: Feb-06-2025