Ceriumndi chitsulo chotuwa komanso chowoneka bwino chokhala ndi kachulukidwe wa 6.9g/cm3 (cubic crystal), 6.7g/cm3 (kristalo wa hexagonal), malo osungunuka a 795 ℃, malo otentha a 3443 ℃, ndi ductility. Ndilo chitsulo chochuluka kwambiri cha lanthanide. Zingwe zopindika za cerium nthawi zambiri zimawombera.
Ceriumimatenthedwa mosavuta kutentha kwa chipinda ndipo imataya kuwala kwake mumlengalenga. Ikhoza kutenthedwa mumlengalenga mwa kukanda ndi mpeni (cerium yoyera simakonda kuyaka yokha, koma imakonda kuyaka yokhayokha ikakhala ndi okosijeni pang'ono kapena aloyi ndi chitsulo). Ikatenthedwa, imayaka mumlengalenga kuti ipange ceria. Imatha kuchitapo ndi madzi otentha kuti ipange cerium hydroxide, sungunuka mu asidi koma osasungunuka mu alkali.
1, Chinsinsi cha cerium element
Cerium,ndi nambala ya atomiki 58, ndi yazosowa zapadziko lapansindipo ndi chinthu cha lanthanide mu Gulu IIIB la dongosolo lachisanu ndi chimodzi la nthawi. Chizindikiro chake choyambirira ndiCe, ndipo ndi siliva imvi yogwira chitsulo. Ufa wake umakonda kuyaka mwadzidzidzi mumpweya ndipo umasungunuka mosavuta mu ma asidi ndi zochepetsera. Dzina lakuti cerium limachokera ku mfundo yakuti cerium yomwe ili pansi pa nthaka ndi pafupifupi 0.0046%, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala chinthu chosowa kwambiri padziko lapansi.
M'banja losowa padziko lapansi, cerium mosakayikira ndi "m'bale wamkulu". Choyamba, kuchuluka kwa maiko osowa padziko lapansi ndi 238 ppm, ndi cerium yowerengera 68 ppm, yomwe ndi 28% ya chiwerengero chosowa padziko lonse lapansi ndi malo oyamba; Kachiwiri, cerium inali chinthu chachiwiri chosowa padziko lapansi chomwe chinapezedwa zaka zisanu ndi zinayi zitadziwikayttriummu 1794. Pakalipano, zambiri zofunikira zasinthidwa, mukhoza kuyang'ana pa webusaitiyinkhani zamabizinesi.
2. Ntchito zazikulu za cerium
1. Zida zoteteza chilengedwe, zomwe zimayimilira kwambiri kukhala zida zoyeretsera utsi wamagalimoto. Kuonjezera cerium ku ternary catalysts ternary zitsulo zamtengo wapatali monga platinamu, rhodium, palladium, ndi zina zotero. Zomwe zimaipitsa kwambiri mpweya wotulutsa mpweya ndi carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, ndi ammonia oxides, zomwe zimatha kukhudza dongosolo la hematopoietic la munthu, kupanga utsi wapoizoni wazithunzi, ndikupanga ma carcinogens, kuwononga anthu, nyama ndi zomera. Ukadaulo woyeretsa wamtundu wa ternary utha kuyimitsa ma hydrocarbon ndi carbon monoxide kuti apange mpweya woipa ndi madzi, ndikuwola ma oxides kukhala ammonia ndi okosijeni (chifukwa chake amatchedwa ternary catalysis).
2. Kulowetsa zitsulo zovulaza: Cerium sulfide ingalowe m’malo mwa zitsulo monga lead ndi cadmium zomwe ndi zovulaza chilengedwe komanso anthu ngati chinthu chofiira cha mapulasitiki. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito m'mafakitale monga zokutira, inki, ndi mapepala. Mankhwala achilengedwe monga mchere wa cerium rich light rare earth cyclic acid amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zowumitsa utoto, PVC pulasitiki stabilizers, ndi MC nayiloni modifiers. Amatha kusintha zinthu zapoizoni monga mchere wa mtovu ndi kuchepetsa zinthu zodula monga kuboola mchere. 3. Zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu, makamaka zinthu zopepuka zapadziko lapansi monga cerium, zimatha kukulitsa zokolola, kukulitsa zokolola, ndikuthandizira kukana kupsinjika kwa mbewu. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha chakudya, imatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa mazira a nkhuku ndi kuchuluka kwa moyo wa nsomba ndi ulimi wa shrimp, komanso kupititsa patsogolo ubweya wa nkhosa zatsitsi lalitali.
3, Zophatikiza wamba za cerium
1.Cerium oxide- chinthu chopangidwa ndi mankhwalaCeO2, ufa wothandiza wachikasu kapena wachikasu wofiirira. Kachulukidwe 7.13g/cm3, malo osungunuka 2397 ℃, osasungunuka m'madzi ndi alkali, osungunuka pang'ono mu asidi. Kuchita kwake kumaphatikizapo zida zopukutira, zotengera, zonyamulira zonyamula (zowonjezera), zowukira ma ultraviolet, ma electrolyte a cell cell, zotulutsa zotulutsa zamagalimoto, zida zamagetsi zamagetsi, ndi zina zambiri.
2. Cerium sulfide - ndi maselo chilinganizo CeS, ndi watsopano wobiriwira ndi chilengedwe wochezeka wofiira pigment ntchito m'minda ya mapulasitiki, zokutira, utoto, inki, etc. Ndi wofiira powdery mankhwala ndi chikasu gawo inorganic pigment. Ndi ya inorganic pigments, ili ndi mphamvu zopaka utoto zolimba, utoto wowala, kukana kutentha, kukana kuwala, kukana nyengo, mphamvu yophimba bwino, yosasunthika, ndipo ndi yabwino kwambiri m'malo mwa inorganic metal inorganic pigments monga cadmium red.
3. Cerium kloridi- wotchedwanso cerium trichloride, ndi anhydrouscerium kloridikapena hydrated compound ya cerium chloride yomwe imakwiyitsa maso, kupuma, ndi khungu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale monga zopangira petroleum, zopangira utsi wamagalimoto, mankhwala apakatikati, komanso kupangacerium zitsulo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-12-2024