Dysprosium, gawo 66 la tebulo la periodic
Jia Yi wa m’banja la Han analemba mu “Pa Milandu Khumi ya Qin” kuti “tiyenera kusonkhanitsa asilikali onse padziko lapansi, kuwasonkhanitsa ku Xianyang, ndi kuwagulitsa”. Pano, 'dysprosium' amatanthauza kumapeto kwa muvi. Mu 1842, Mossander atalekanitsa ndikupeza terbium ndi erbium mu yttrium earth, akatswiri ambiri amadzimadzi adatsimikiza kudzera mukuwona kuti pangakhale zinthu zina mu yttrium earth. Zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri pambuyo pake, katswiri wa zamankhwala wa ku France Bouvard é rand analekanitsa bwino holmium lapansi, ena akadali holmium, pomwe gawo lina lidadziwika kuti ndi chinthu chatsopano, chomwe ndi dysprosium.
Zipangizo zochokera ku Dysprosium zitha kuyitanitsa maginito a block pa kutentha kwina, ndipo kutentha kumeneku kuli pafupi kwambiri ndi kutentha komwe zida zopangira manganese zimatulutsa izi. Gawo lina la dysprosium lidzawonjezedwa ku maginito okhazikika a Nd-Fe-B. Pafupifupi 2% ~ 3% yokha imatha kuonjezera Coercivity mu maginito okhazikika, chomwe ndi chofunikira chowonjezera mu maginito a Nd-Fe-B. Ngakhale maginito ena a neodymium iron boron amagwiritsa ntchito dysprosium m'malo mwa neodymium kuti apititse patsogolo kutentha kwa maginito. Ndi maginito a dysprosium neodymium iron boron, amatha kukhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamagalimoto oyendetsa magalimoto amagetsi apamwamba kwambiri.
Dysprosiumnditerbiumndi awiri abwino, ndipo terbium dysprosium iron alloy opangidwa amakhala ndi magnetostriction yayikulu komanso kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri kwachipinda pakati pa zida. Pogwiritsa ntchito makristalo ena amchere a Paramagnetism dysprosium, asayansi apanga firiji yokhala ndi zotchingira kutentha komanso demagnetization.
Chiyambi cha teknoloji yojambulira maginito chikhoza kutsatiridwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa matepi ojambulira zitsulo mu 1875. Masiku ano, kujambula kwa magneto-optical kumagwirizanitsa kujambula kwa kuwala ndi maginito, ndi kusungirako kwakukulu kosungirako ndi ntchito yofufuta mobwerezabwereza. Dysprosium ili ndi liwiro lalikulu lojambulira komanso chidwi chowerenga.
Nyali ya dysprosium yowunikira zowunikira imakonzedwa pamodzi ndi dysprosium ndiholmium. Nyali za Dysprosium ndi nyali zamphamvu kwambiri zotulutsa mpweya, mosiyana ndi nyali wamba za incandescent zomwe zimatulutsa kuwala kudzera mu mawaya a tungsten. Pamene zimatulutsa kuwala, zimatulutsanso kutentha. Pafupifupi 70% ya mphamvu yamagetsi imasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yotentha. Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali, kutentha kumakwera, ndipo mawaya a tungsten amawotchedwa mosavuta. Nyali za Dysprosium zimatulutsa kuwala kupyolera mu magetsi a gasi pamtunda wochepa, ndipo mphamvu zambiri zamagetsi zimatha kusinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yowunikira, yomwe imakhala yowonjezereka, yowala kwambiri, ndipo imakhala ndi moyo wautali. Pansi pa mphamvu zomwezo, amatha kupanga katatu kuwala kwa nyali za incandescent. Nyali ya Dysprosium ndi mtundu wa nyali ya Metal-halide, yomwe imakhala ndi iodide ya Dysprosium(III), Thallium(I) iodide, mercury, etc., ndipo imatha kutulutsa mawonekedwe ake apadera. Kuwala kwa dzuwa kwa dysprosium nyali kumakhala ndi gawo lowunikira. Ili ndi kuwala kwamphamvu kwambiri komanso kuwala kocheperako kwa infuraredi pamalo otakata kuchokera ku kuwala kwa blue violet mpaka kuwala kofiira kofiira. Ndilo gwero lowala bwino loyesera zoyeserera zaulimi, kulima mbewu, komanso kufulumizitsa kukula kwa mbewu. Imatchedwanso nyali yachilengedwe, yomwe ili yoyenera mabokosi osiyanasiyana anyengo, mabokosi opangira zachilengedwe, nyumba zobiriwira, ndi zina. Ikhoza kupangitsa kuti zomera zikule bwino.
Dysprosium doped luminescent zida zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tricolor phosphors kupanga ma phosphor activator.
Dysprosium imatha kugwira ma nyutroni ndipo ili ndi gawo lalikulu la nyutroni yolanda, chifukwa chake imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza mawonekedwe a nyutroni kapena ngati chotengera nyutroni mumakampani opanga mphamvu za atomiki.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-03-2023