Zotsatira za Rare Earth pa Aluminium ndi Aluminium Alloys

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwadziko losowamu kuponyera zotayidwa aloyi inachitika kale kunja. Ngakhale kuti China idayamba kufufuza ndikugwiritsa ntchito mbaliyi m'zaka za m'ma 1960, idakula mofulumira. Ntchito yochuluka yachitika kuchokera ku kafukufuku wamakina kupita ku ntchito zothandiza, ndipo zina zapindula zapangidwa.Ndi kuwonjezera kwa zinthu zosawerengeka zapadziko lapansi, zida zamakina, zida zoponyera ndi magetsi azitsulo za aluminiyamu zasinthidwa kwambiri. zida zatsopano, zowoneka bwino, zamagetsi ndi maginito za zinthu zosawerengeka zapadziko lapansi zimagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga zida zamphamvu zamaginito zapadziko lapansi, zosowa zapadziko lapansi zotulutsa kuwala, zosungirako za hydrogen, etc.

◆ ◆ Njira yogwirira ntchito ya dziko losowa kwambiri mu aluminiyamu ndi aluminiyumu alloy ◆ ◆

Dziko lapansi losawerengeka limakhala ndi zochita zambiri zamakhemikolo, kuthekera kocheperako komanso makonzedwe apadera a ma elekitironi, ndipo amatha kulumikizana ndi pafupifupi zinthu zonse.lanthanum), Ce (cerium), Y (yttriumndi Sc (scandium). Nthawi zambiri amawonjezeredwa mumadzimadzi a aluminiyamu okhala ndi zosintha, ma nucleating agents ndi degassing agents, omwe amatha kuyeretsa kusungunuka, kukonza kapangidwe kake, kuyenga mbewu, ndi zina zambiri.

01Kuyeretsedwa kwa dziko losowa

Monga kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi oxide inclusions (makamaka haidrojeni, mpweya ndi nayitrogeni) adzabweretsedwa pa kusungunuka ndi kuponyera aloyi zotayidwa, pinholes, ming'alu, inclusions ndi zina zolakwika zidzachitika poponya (onani Chithunzi 1a), kuchepetsa Mphamvu ya aloyi ya aluminiyamu. Mphamvu ya kuyeretsedwa kwa dziko losowa kwambiri imawonekera makamaka pakuchepetsa kowonekera kwa haidrojeni mu aluminiyamu yosungunuka, kuchepa kwa pinhole mlingo ndi porosity (onani Chithunzi 1b), ndi kuchepetsa inclusions ndi zinthu zovulaza.Chifukwa chachikulu ndi chakuti dziko losowa lili ndi chiyanjano chachikulu ndi haidrojeni, yomwe imatha kuyamwa ndi kusungunula hydrogen yambiri ndikupanga mankhwala okhazikika popanda kupanga thovu, motero kuchepetsa kwambiri hydrogen zili ndi porosity ya aluminiyamu; Rare lapansi ndi nayitrogeni kupanga refractory mankhwala, amene makamaka amachotsedwa. mu mawonekedwe a slag mu smelting ndondomeko, kuti akwaniritse cholinga kuyeretsa zotayidwa madzi.

Zochita zatsimikizira kuti dziko losowa lili ndi zotsatira zochepetsera zomwe zili mu haidrojeni, okosijeni ndi sulfure mu aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zotayidwa. Kuonjezera 0.1% ~ 0.3% RE mumadzimadzi a aluminiyamu kumathandiza kuchotsa bwino zonyansa zowononga, kuyenga zonyansa kapena kusintha maonekedwe awo, kuti athe kuyeretsa ndi kugawa mbewu mofanana; RES, REAs, ndi REPb, zomwe zimadziwika ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri, kachulukidwe kochepa, ndi mankhwala okhazikika, ndipo akhoza kukhala anayandama kupanga slag ndi kuchotsedwa, motero kuyeretsa zotayidwa madzi; otsala zabwino particles kukhala heterogeneous phata a aluminiyamu kuyenga mbewu.

Chithunzi cha 1 SEM Morphology ya 7075 Aloyi yopanda RE ndi w (RE)=0.3%

a. RE sichiwonjezedwa;b. Onjezani w (RE)=0.3%

02Metamorphism ya dziko losowa

Kusintha kwapadziko lapansi kosowa kumawonekera makamaka pakuyenga mbewu ndi ma dendrites, kuletsa mawonekedwe a coarse lamellar T2 gawo, ndikuchotsa gawo lalikulu lomwe limagawidwa mu gawo loyambira la kristalo ndikupanga gawo lozungulira, kotero kuti mizere ndi zidutswa zomwe zili pamalire ambewu zimachepetsedwa kwambiri. (onani Chithunzi 2) .Nthawi zambiri, utali wa atomu wapadziko lapansi wosowa ndi wokulirapo kuposa wa aluminiyamu. atomu, ndi katundu wake ndi yogwira. Kusungunuka mumadzimadzi a aluminiyumu ndikosavuta kudzaza zolakwika zamtundu wa aloyi, zomwe zimachepetsa kusamvana kwapakati pa mawonekedwe pakati pa magawo atsopano ndi akale, komanso kumapangitsanso kukula kwa kristalo phata; filimu yogwira ntchito pakati pa njere ndi madzi osungunuka kuti ateteze kukula kwa mbewu zomwe zimapangidwira ndikuyeretsa mawonekedwe a alloy (onani Chithunzi 2b).

Chithunzi cha 2 Microstructure of Alloys ndi Different RE Addition

a. Mlingo wa RE ndi 0;b. RE kuwonjezera ndi 0.3%;c. Zowonjezera RE ndi 0.7%

Pambuyo powonjezera zinthu zosowa zapadziko lapansi Mbewu za (Al) gawo zinayamba kukhala zazing'ono, zomwe zidathandiza pakuyenga njereα(Al) kusandulika kukhala duwa laling'ono kapena ndodo, pomwe zomwe zili mu nthaka yosowa ndi 0.3%αKukula kwa mbewu za (Al) ) gawo ndi laling'ono kwambiri, ndipo limawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono ndi kuwonjezeka kwina kwa zinthu zachilendo zapadziko lapansi. Kusungidwa pa kutentha kwakukulu kwa nthawi inayake, dziko lapansi losowa lidzakhala ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri mu metamorphism. Komanso, chiwerengero cha kristalo nuclei ya mankhwala opangidwa ndi aluminiyamu ndi osowa dziko lapansi kumawonjezeka kwambiri pamene zitsulo crystallizes, zomwe zimapangitsanso Kapangidwe ka alloy refined.Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti dziko losowa lili ndi zotsatira zabwino zosinthika pazitsulo zotayidwa.

03 Microalloying zotsatira za osowa lapansi

Dziko losowa kwambiri limapezeka mu aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zotayidwa m'mitundu itatu: njira yolimba mu matrixα (Al); Kugawanika kumalire a gawo, malire a tirigu ndi malire a dendrite; Njira yolimba mkati kapena mu mawonekedwe a pawiri. zitsulo za aluminiyamu makamaka zimaphatikizapo kulimbikitsa kukonzanso kwambewu, kulimbikitsa njira zotsirizira ndi gawo lachiwiri kulimbikitsa zosakaniza zapadziko lapansi.

Maonekedwe a dziko lapansi osowa mu aluminiyamu ndi aloyi ya aluminiyamu amagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwake. Nthawi zambiri, zinthu za RE zikakhala zosakwana 0.1%, ntchito ya RE imakhala yolimbikitsa kwambiri mbewu komanso kulimbikitsa njira zotha; RE zomwe zili 0.25% ~ 0.30%, RE ndi Al zimapanga ndodo yambiri yozungulira kapena yaifupi ngati ma intermetallic compounds. , zomwe zimagawidwa m'malire a tirigu kapena tirigu, ndi kuchuluka kwa zowonongeka, zomangamanga zambewu zabwino za spheroidized ndi omwazika lapansi osowa. mankhwala amawonekera, omwe adzatulutsa zotsatira za micro alloying monga kulimbikitsa gawo lachiwiri.

◆ ◆ Zotsatira za dziko losowa pa katundu wa aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zotayidwa ◆◆

01 Mphamvu ya dziko osowa pa mabuku mawotchi katundu aloyi

The mphamvu, kuuma, elongation, kuthyoka kulimba, kuvala kukana ndi zina mabuku mawotchi katundu aloyi akhoza bwino powonjezera oyenerera lapansi osowa lapansi.0.3% RE anawonjezera kuponya zotayidwa ZL10 mndandanda aloyi_bkuchokera 205.9 MPa mpaka 274 MPa, ndi HB kuchokera 80 mpaka 108; Kuwonjezera 0.42% Sc mpaka 7005 alloyσ_bchawonjezeka kuchoka pa 314MPa kufika ku 414MPa, p_0.2chinawonjezeka kuchokera ku 282MPa kufika ku 378MPa, pulasitiki inakula kuchoka pa 6.8% kufika pa 10.1%, ndipo kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwakukulu kunawonjezeka kwambiri; La ndi Ce akhoza kusintha kwambiri superplasticity ya alloy. Kuwonjezera 0.14% ~ 0.64% La kuti Al-6Mg-0.5Mn aloyi kumawonjezera superplasticity kuchokera 430% mpaka 800% ~ 1000%; Kafukufuku mwadongosolo Al Si aloyi akusonyeza kuti zokolola mphamvu ndi mtheradi mphamvu kolimba aloyi kungakhale kwambiri. bwino powonjezera kuchuluka koyenera kwa Sc.Fig. 3 ikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a SEM a kupasuka kwamphamvu kwa Al-Si7-Mg_0.8aloyi, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti ndi mmene Chimaonekera cleavage fracture popanda RE, pamene pambuyo 0,3% RE anawonjezedwa, zoonekeratu dimple kamangidwe kamapezeka fracture, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti ali ndi kulimba bwino ndi ductility.

Chithunzi cha 3 Tensile Fracture Morphology

a. Osalumikizana ndi RE;b. Onjezani 0.3% RE

02Zotsatira za Rare Earth Pakutentha Kwambiri Katundu wa Alloys

Kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwadziko losowamu zotayidwa aloyi akhoza bwino kusintha mkulu-kutentha makutidwe ndi okosijeni kukana zotayidwa aloyi aloyi.Kuwonjezera 1% ~ 1.5% osakaniza osowa dziko lapansi ndi kuponyedwa Al Si eutectic aloyi kumawonjezera kutentha mphamvu ndi 33%, mkulu kutentha kuphulika mphamvu (300 ℃, Maola 1000) ndi 44%, ndipo kukana kuvala ndi kukhazikika kwa kutentha kumakhala bwino kwambiri; Kuwonjezera La, Ce, Y ndi Mischmetal kuponya Al Cu aloyi akhoza kusintha mkulu-kutentha zimatha aloyi; The mofulumira olimba Al-8.4% Fe-3.4% Ce aloyi akhoza kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali pansi pa 400 ℃, kuwongolera kwambiri kutentha ntchito aloyi zotayidwa; amawonjezeredwa ku aloyi ya Al Mg Si kuti apange Al₃Sc particles kuti n'kosavuta coarsen pa kutentha ndi kugwirizana ndi masanjidwewo kuti pini malire tirigu, kuti aloyi amakhalabe unrecrystallized dongosolo pa annealing, ndipo kwambiri bwino mkulu-kutentha zimatha aloyi.

03 Zotsatira za Rare Earth pa Optical Properties of Alloys

Kuonjezera dziko losowa mu zitsulo zotayidwa aloyi akhoza kusintha mawonekedwe ake pamwamba oxide okusayidi filimu, kupanga pamwamba kuwala kwambiri ndi kukongola.Pamene 0.12% ~ 0.25% RE ndi anawonjezera aloyi zotayidwa, reflectivity wa oxidized ndi akuda mbiri 6063 ndi mpaka 92%; Pamene 0.1% ~ 0.3% RE ikuwonjezeredwa ku Al Mg cast aluminium alloy, alloy amatha kupeza malo abwino kwambiri. kumaliza ndi gloss durability.

04 Zotsatira za Rare Earth pa Zamagetsi Zamagetsi za Alloys

Kuwonjezera RE ku aluminiyamu yoyera kwambiri ndi yovulaza ku conductivity ya aloyi, koma ma conductivity akhoza kusintha mpaka pamlingo wina powonjezera RE yoyenera ku mafakitale oyera a aluminiyamu ndi Al Mg Si conductive alloys.Zotsatira zoyesera zimasonyeza kuti conductivity ya aluminiyamu zitha kusinthidwa ndi 2% ~ 3% powonjezera 0.2% RE.Kuwonjezera pang'ono yttrium olemera arare lapansi mu Al Zr alloy kumatha kupititsa patsogolo ma conductivity aloyi, yomwe yatengedwa ndi mafakitale ambiri apanyumba; Onjezani nthaka yosowa ku aluminiyamu yoyera kwambiri kuti mupange Al RE zojambulazo capacitor. Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito muzinthu za 25kV, chiwerengero cha capacitance chikuwonjezeka kawiri, mphamvu pa voliyumu ya unit ikuwonjezeka ndi nthawi 5, kulemera kumachepetsedwa ndi 47%, ndipo mphamvu ya capacitor imachepetsedwa kwambiri.

05Zotsatira za Rare Earth pa Corrosion Resistance of Alloy

M'malo ena ogwira ntchito, makamaka pamaso pa ayoni a chloride, ma aloyi amatha kuwonongeka, kuwonongeka kwa ming'alu, kupsinjika kwamphamvu komanso kutopa kwa dzimbiri. Zapezeka kuti kuwonjezera kuchuluka koyenera kwa nthaka yosowa ku ma aluminiyamu aloyi kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kukana kwawo kwa dzimbiri. Zitsanzo zopangidwa powonjezera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthaka yosakanikirana (0.1% ~ 0.5%) ku aluminiyamu idaviikidwa mu brine ndi madzi a m'nyanja ochita kupanga katatu motsatizana. zaka. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti kuwonjezera pang'ono za nthaka yosowa ku aluminiyamu kumatha kukulitsa kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa aluminiyamu, ndipo kukana kwa dzimbiri mumadzi am'madzi am'madzi ndi am'nyanja ochita kupanga ndi 24% ndi 32% kuposa a aluminiyamu, motsatana; Kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya nthunzi yamankhwala ndikuwonjezera Rare Earth Multi-Component penetrant (La, Ce, etc.), filimu yosowa kutembenuka kwa dziko lapansi imatha kupangidwa pamwamba. wa 2024 aloyi, kupanga pamwamba elekitirodi kuthekera kwa zotayidwa aloyi amakhala yunifolomu, ndi kuwongolera kukana intergranular dzimbiri ndi dzimbiri nkhawa; Kuwonjezera La kuti mkulu Mg zotayidwa aloyi akhoza kwambiri kusintha odana nyanja dzimbiri luso aloyi; Powonjezera 1.5% ~ 2.5% Nd ku ma aluminiyamu aloyi amatha kusintha kutentha kwambiri, kulimba kwa mpweya ndi dzimbiri. kukana kwa ma alloys, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zida zammlengalenga.

◆ ◆ Kukonzekera luso la osowa dziko lapansi aluminiyamu aloyi ◆ ◆

Dziko lapansi losowa limawonjezedwa kwambiri mu mawonekedwe a zinthu zotsatizana ndi ma aluminiyamu aloyi ndi ma aloyi ena. Dziko losowa kwambiri limakhala ndi zochita zambiri zamakhemikolo, malo osungunuka kwambiri, ndipo ndi losavuta kuwotchedwa oxidized ndikuwotchedwa pakatentha kwambiri. Izi zadzetsa zovuta zina pokonzekera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito aloyi osowa dziko lapansi.Mu kafukufuku woyesera kwa nthawi yayitali, anthu akupitiriza kufufuza njira zokonzekera zazitsulo za aluminiyamu zapadziko lapansi. ndi njira yosakaniza, njira yosungunuka yamchere ya electrolysis ndi njira yochepetsera ya aluminothermic.

01 Kusakaniza njira

Njira yosakanikirana yosungunuka ndikuwonjezera nthaka yosowa kapena chitsulo chosowa chapadziko lapansi mumadzi otentha kwambiri a aluminiyamu molingana kuti apange aloyi kapena aloyi yogwiritsira ntchito, ndiyeno kusungunula aloyiyo ndi aluminiyumu yotsalayo molingana ndi gawo lowerengeka pamodzi, kugwedeza kwathunthu ndikuyenga. .

02 Electrolysis

The wosungunuka mchere electrolysis njira ndi kuwonjezera osowa nthaka okusayidi kapena osowa nthaka mchere mu mafakitale zotayidwa electrolytic selo ndi electrolyze ndi okusayidi zotayidwa kupanga osowa dziko lapansi zotayidwa aloyi aloyi.Kusungunula mchere electrolysis njira yayamba ndi mofulumira ku China. Nthawi zambiri, pali njira ziwiri, zomwe ndi njira yamadzimadzi cathode ndi electrolytic eutectoid njira. Pakalipano, zapangidwa kuti mankhwala osowa padziko lapansi akhoza kuwonjezeredwa mwachindunji ku maselo a aluminiyamu a electrolytic a mafakitale, ndipo ma aloyi amtundu wa aluminiyamu osowa padziko lapansi amatha kupangidwa ndi electrolysis ya kloride imasungunuka ndi njira ya eutectoid.

03 Aluminothermic kuchepetsa njira

Chifukwa aluminium ali ndi mphamvu yochepetsera mphamvu, ndipo aluminiyumu imatha kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya intermetallic ndi nthaka yosowa, aluminiyumu ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chochepetsera kukonzekera ma alloys amtundu wa aluminiyamu osowa padziko lapansi.

RE₂O₃+ 6Al→ 2zenizeni₂+ Al₂O₃

Pakati pawo, osowa dziko okusayidi kapena osowa dziko lapansi olemera slag angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati osowa nthaka zopangira; The kuchepetsa wothandizila akhoza kukhala mafakitale koyera zotayidwa kapena pakachitsulo zotayidwa; The kuchepetsa kutentha ndi 1400 ℃ ~ 1600 ℃. Kumayambiriro, izo ananyamulidwa kunja pansi pa chikhalidwe cha kukhalapo kwa chotenthetsera ndi kutentha, ndi kuchepetsa kutentha kwakukulu kungayambitse mavuto ambiri; M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ofufuza apanga aluminothermic yatsopano. kuchepetsa njira. Pa kutentha kochepa (780 ℃), kutsika kwa aluminothermic kumatsirizidwa mu dongosolo la sodium fluoride ndi sodium chloride, zomwe zimapewa mavuto omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu.

◆ ◆ Ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito aloyi a aluminiyamu osowa padziko lapansi ◆ ◆

01 Kugwiritsa ntchito aloyi amtundu wa aluminiyamu wamba mumakampani amagetsi

Chifukwa cha ubwino wa conductivity yabwino, mphamvu yaikulu yonyamula panopa, mphamvu zambiri, kukana kuvala, kukonza kosavuta ndi moyo wautali wautumiki, aloyi a aluminiyamu amtundu wamtundu wamtundu wa alloy angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zingwe, mizere yotumizira pamwamba, zingwe zamawaya, mawaya otsetsereka ndi mawaya opyapyala. Zolinga zapadera.Kuwonjezera pang'ono RE mu dongosolo la Al Si alloy kungathe kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe kake, chifukwa chakuti silicon mu alloy aluminium ndi chinthu chodetsedwa ndi zinthu zambiri, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri mphamvu zamagetsi. Kuonjezera chiwerengero choyenera cha dziko losowa kungathandize kusintha kapangidwe kamene kaliko ndi kagayidwe ka silicon mu aloyi, yomwe ingathe kusintha mphamvu zamagetsi za aluminiyamu; Kuwonjezera pang'ono yttrium kapena yttrium wolemera wosakanikirana wachilendo padziko lapansi mu waya wosagwira kutentha kwa aluminiyamu. sangangokhala ndi ntchito yabwino yotentha komanso kuwongolera madutsidwe; Dziko losawerengeka limatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamakokedwe, kukana kutentha ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa aluminiyumu. alloy system. Zingwe ndi ma kondakitala opangidwa ndi aloyi a aluminiyamu osowa padziko lapansi amatha kukulitsa kutalika kwa nsanja ya chingwe ndikukulitsa moyo wautumiki wa zingwe.

02Kugwiritsa ntchito aloyi wa aluminiyamu osowa padziko lapansi pantchito yomanga

Aluminiyamu 6063 aloyi ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito yomanga. Kuwonjezera 0.15% ~ 0.25% osowa dziko akhoza kwambiri kusintha monga kuponyedwa kapangidwe ndi processing dongosolo, ndipo akhoza kusintha extrusion ntchito, zotsatira kutentha mankhwala, makina katundu, kukana dzimbiri, ntchito mankhwala pamwamba ndi mtundu tone. Amagawidwa makamaka mu 6063 aluminium alloyα-Al amalepheretsa malire a gawo, malire a tirigu ndi interdendritic, ndipo amasungunuka mumagulu kapena alipo. mu mawonekedwe a mankhwala kuyeretsa dongosolo dendrite ndi mbewu, kotero kuti kukula kwa undissolved eutectic ndi kukula kwa dimple m'dera dimple kukhala ang'onoang'ono kwambiri, kugawa ndi yunifolomu, ndi kachulukidwe ukuwonjezeka, kotero kuti katundu zosiyanasiyana aloyi amasinthidwa ku madigiri osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu ya mbiriyo imachulukitsidwa ndi 20%, elongation imachulukitsidwa ndi 50%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri kumachepetsedwa kawiri, makulidwe a filimu ya oxide amawonjezeka ndi 5% ~ 8%, ndi malo opaka utoto amawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 3%.Choncho, mbiri yomanga alloy RE-6063 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

03Kugwiritsa ntchito aloyi wosowa padziko lapansi wa aluminiyamu pazinthu zatsiku ndi tsiku

Kuwonjeza dziko lapansi losowa ku aluminiyamu yoyera ndi ma Al MG mndandanda wa aluminiyamu kuti mugwiritse ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku zinthu za aluminiyamu zimatha kusintha kwambiri makina, zojambula zakuya komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri. Zothandizira mipando ya aluminiyamu, njinga za aluminiyamu, ndi zida zapanyumba zopangidwa ndi aloyi ya Al Mg RE zili ndi kuwirikiza kawiri. kukana dzimbiri, 10% ~ 15% kuchepetsa kulemera, 10% ~ 20% zokolola kuwonjezeka, 10% ~ 15% kuchepetsa mtengo kupanga, ndi bwino kujambula mozama ndi ntchito processing kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zotayidwa aloyi mankhwala popanda osowa earth.At panopa, tsiku ndi tsiku Zofunikira za aloyi ya aluminiyamu yapadziko lapansi zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndipo zogulitsa zawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo zimagulitsidwa bwino m'misika yapakhomo ndi yakunja.

04 Kugwiritsa ntchito aloyi wa aluminiyamu osowa padziko lapansi pazinthu zina

Kuonjezera masauzande angapo a dziko losowa mu mndandanda wa Al Si womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kungathe kupititsa patsogolo makina a alloy. Mitundu yambiri yazinthu zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu ndege, zombo, magalimoto, injini za dizilo, njinga zamoto ndi magalimoto onyamula zida (pistoni, gearbox, silinda, zida ndi mbali zina) . kukhathamiritsa kapangidwe ndi katundu wa zotayidwa aloyi. Ili ndi kulimbitsa kwambiri kubalalitsidwa, kulimbitsa kwambewu, kulimbikitsa yankho ndi kulimbikitsa ma microalloy pa aluminiyamu, ndipo imatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu, kuuma, kulimba, kulimba, kukana dzimbiri, kukana kutentha, ndi zina zambiri. mafakitale apamwamba monga zakuthambo, zombo, masitima othamanga kwambiri, magalimoto opepuka, ndi zina zambiri.C557Al Mg Zr Sc Aluminiyamu ya scandium yopangidwa ndi NASA ili ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri komanso kutentha pang'ono ndipo yagwiritsidwa ntchito ku fuselage yandege ndi magawo a ndege; Aloyi ya 0146Al Cu Li Sc yopangidwa ndi Russia yagwiritsidwa ntchito ku tanki yamafuta ya cryogenic ya spacecraft.

Kuchokera mu Volume 33, Nkhani 1 ya Rare Earth yolembedwa ndi Wang Hui, Yang An ndi Yun Qi