Njira zochotsera scandium

M'zigawo njira zascandium

Kwa nthawi yayitali atapezeka, kugwiritsa ntchito scandium sikunawonetsedwe chifukwa chazovuta zake kupanga. Ndi kuwongolera kochulukira kwa njira zolekanitsa zinthu zachilendo padziko lapansi, tsopano pali njira yokhwima yoyeretsera zosakaniza za scandium. Chifukwa scandium ili ndi alkalinity yofooka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zinthu za yttrium ndi lanthanide, ma hydroxides amakhala ndi mchere wosakanikirana wapadziko lapansi wokhala ndi scandium. Pambuyo pa chithandizo, scandium hydroxide imayamba kutsika ikasamutsidwa ku yankho ndikuthandizidwa ndi ammonia. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito njira yocheperako yamvula kumatha kuilekanitsa mosavuta ndi zinthu zomwe sizipezeka padziko lapansi. Njira ina ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito kuwonongeka kwapamwamba kwa nitrate kuti kulekanitsa, popeza nitric acid ndiyosavuta kuwola ndipo imatha kukwaniritsa cholinga cholekanitsa scandium. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchira kwathunthu kwa scandium yotsagana ndi uranium, tungsten, malata ndi ma depositi ena amchere ndiwonso gwero lofunikira la scandium.

Mukapeza kaphatikizidwe koyera ka scandium, amasinthidwa kukhala ScCl3 ndikusungunuka ndi KCI ndi LiCI. Zinc yosungunuka imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cathode ya electrolysis, kuchititsa kuti scandium iwonongeke pa electrode ya zinc. Kenako, zinki amasanduka nthunzi kuti apeze zitsulo scandium. Ichi ndi chitsulo choyera cha siliva choyera, ndipo mankhwala ake amakhalanso achangu kwambiri. Imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi madzi otentha kuti ipange haidrojeni.

Scandiumali ndi mphamvu yocheperako (pafupifupi yofanana ndi aluminiyamu) ndi malo osungunuka kwambiri. Nitriding (SCN) ili ndi malo osungunuka a 2900 ℃ ndi madulidwe apamwamba, ndikupangitsa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito m'mafakitale amagetsi ndi wailesi. Scandium ndi imodzi mwazinthu zopangira ma thermonuclear reactors. Scandium imatha kulimbikitsa phosphorescence ya ethane ndikuwonjezera kuwala kwa buluu wa magnesium oxide. Poyerekeza ndi nyali zamphamvu kwambiri za mercury, nyali zakuthwa za sodium zili ndi zabwino monga kuwala kwapamwamba komanso kuwala kowala bwino, kuzipangitsa kukhala zoyenera kujambula makanema ndi kuyatsa kwa plaza.

Scandium ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha nickel chromium alloys mumakampani opanga zitsulo kuti apange ma aloyi osagwirizana ndi kutentha kwambiri. Scandium ndi chinthu chofunikira chopangira mbale zodziwira zapansi pamadzi. Kutentha kwa scandium kumafika 5000 ℃, komwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito muukadaulo wamlengalenga. Sc itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito potsata ma radioactive pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Scandium nthawi zina imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamankhwala.