Holmium element ndi njira wamba
Pabulogu ya nyengo ya mankhwala, pali chinthu chotchedwaHolmium, yomwe ndi chitsulo chosowa. Cinthu iyi ndi yolimba mu kutentha kwa chipinda ndipo ili ndi malo okwanira komanso owira. Komabe, iyi si gawo lokongola kwambiri la chilengedwe cha Holmiamu. Chizindikiro chake chenicheni chimakhala chakuti ikasangalala, imawunikira kuwala kobiriwira kokongola. Gulu la Holmium mu dziko lokondwerera ili lili ngati mwala wobiriwira, wokongola komanso wosamvetsetseka. Anthu ali ndi mbiri yaufupi kwambiri ya Holmium Stanments.in 1879, katswiri wazamankhwala wa Sweder Klebe woyamba adazindikira kuti a Holmiown Awo ndi kuwatcha mzinda wa Holtown. Pophunzira zodetsa nkhawa, adapeza Hollmium pochotsaYNTriumndisinandium. Adatcha mtundu wa bulauni ya Holmia (dzina la Latin la Stockholm) ndi chinthu chobiriwira Thulia. Kenako adalekanitsa dysprismodium kuti apatule holmium wa dymium.in. Holmium ndi gawo lapadziko lapansi lopanda mphamvu kwambiri, motero nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maginito. Nthawi yomweyo, Holmium ilinso ndi njira yabwino kwambiri, ndikupangitsa kukhala chinthu chabwino popanga zida zowoneka bwino ndi ulusi wamaso. Kuphatikiza apo, Holmium imachitanso mbali yofunika kwambiri pankhani yamankhwala, mphamvu, komanso kuteteza chilengedwe. Lero, tiyeni tiyende mu chinthu chamatsenga chamatsenga ndi magwiridwe osiyanasiyana - Holmium. Onani zinsinsi zake ndikumva zopereka zazikulu kwa anthu.
Magawo a pulogalamu ya holmium element
Holmium ndi gawo la mankhwala omwe ali ndi chiwerengero cha atomiki a 67 ndipo chimakhala cha mndandanda wa Lantanide. Izi ndikuyamba mwatsatanetsatane kwa magawo ena a Holmium Element:
1. Holmium Magnet:Holmium ali ndi maginito abwino ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chinthu chopangira maginito. Makamaka mu kafukufuku wambiri-kutentha kwambiri, maginitsi a Hollium nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida za supercondectors kuti apititse patsogolo maginito a supermondectors.
2. Glass Holmium Glass:Holmium imatha kupatsa galasi zowoneka bwino ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magalasi a Holmium Glass. Holmium Lasers amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala ndi makampani, ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi matenda a m'maso, kudula zitsulo ndi zinthu zina, ndi zina zotere, etc.
3. Makampani Amiclear Mphamvu:Inootope ya Holmium ya Holmium Holmium-165 ili ndi gawo lalitali la Neuthron ndipo limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera neutron flux komanso kufalitsa kwamphamvu kwa nyukiliya.
4. Zida zowoneka: Holmium ilinso ndi ntchito zina pazida zam'matumbo, monga malo owoneka bwino, okopa, modctors, etc.
5. Zipangizo za fluorescent:Mafuta a Holmium amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zowonjezera kupanga nyali za fluorescent, zowonetsa bwino komanso zizindikiro za fluorescent.6.Holmium ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku zitsulo zina kuti ziwonekere kusintha kwa matenthedwe, kukana kwa kuchuluka kwa mapangidwe a zitsulo. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma injini a ndege, injini zamagalimoto ndi zida zamankhwala. Holmium ali ndi ntchito zofunika m'magidzi, ma lasers agalasi, makampani opanga nyukiliya, zida zowoneka, zida zowoneka bwino ndi zitsulo.
Katundu wachuma wa holmium
1. Kapangidwe kwa atomiki: Kapangidwe ka ambiki ya Holmium komwe kamapangidwa ndi ma elekitironi 67. M'magawo ake amagetsi, pali ma elekitoni awiri mu gawo loyamba, ma elekitoni 8 mu gawo lachiwiri, 18 electroni mu gawo lachitatu, ndi 29 ma elekitikizi mu gawo lachinayi. Chifukwa chake, pali awiriawiri a ma elekitoni a elekinoli akunja.
2. Kuchulukana ndi Kuumitsidwa: Kuchulukitsa kwa Holmium ndi 8.78 g / cm3, komwe ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono kwambiri. Kuuma kwake kuli pafupifupi 5.4 mohs.
3. Malo osungunula ndi otentha: Malo a Holmium ndi pafupifupi 1474 madigiri 10074 Celsius ndipo malo owira ndi pafupifupi 2695 digiri Celsius.
4. Magnetism: Holmium ndi chitsulo chomakhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yabwino. Zimawonetsa Ferromagnenetim pamiyeso yotsika, koma pang'onopang'ono imataya mphamvu yake pamatenthedwe kwambiri. Maginitsi a Holmium imapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunika pakugwiritsa ntchito magnet komanso munthawi yayitali kwambiri.
5. Makhalidwe a STUPRRARS: Holmium amawonetsa kuyamwa koonekeratu ndi mizere yopanda mawonekedwe mu mawonekedwe owoneka. Mizere yawo yopanda tanthauzo imakhala mu mizere yobiriwira komanso yofiyira, chifukwa ku Holmium mankhwala nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mitundu yobiriwira kapena yofiira.
6. Ulendo wa mafuta: Holmium ili ndi mawonekedwe okwera pafupifupi 16.2 w / mulvin. Izi zimapangitsa kuti holmium yamtengo wapatali pamapulogalamu ena omwe amachititsa chidwi kwambiri. Holmium ndi chitsulo chokhala ndi kachulukidwe kwambiri, kuuma ndi maginito. Imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'mapatidwe am'mimba, ma supercondector owoneka bwino, mawonekedwe amafuta.
Mankhwala Othandizira Holmium
1. Sizimachita ndi mpweya ndi madzi kutentha kwa firiji, koma mukamatenthetsa kutentha kwambiri, kumakhudzana ndi mpweya wabwino mlengalenga kuti apange hollium oxide.
2. Solubility: Holmium ili ndi kusungunuka bwino m'matumba a acidic ndipo angatsatire ndi sulufu ya sulufuric acid, nitric acid ndi hydrochloric acid kuti apange mchere wa Holmium.
3. Mkhalidwe wa oxidation: Malo ogula a Holmium nthawi zambiri amakhala +3. Itha kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana, monga oxillas (Hoo2o3), chlorides (Hocl3), ngwazi (Ho2 (so4) 3) Kuphatikiza apo, Hollium atha kukhalapo oxidation akuti +, + 45 ndipo +5, koma oxidations akuti oxidation sinafanane.
4. Zovuta: Holmium imatha kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe ndi yofala kwambiri yomwe ili zovuta kwambiri pa Holmaium (III). Zovuta izi zimatenga gawo lofunikira pakuwunika kwa mankhwala, othandizira ndi kafukufuku wazofufuza za biochemical.
5. Itha kutenga nawo mbali pamitundu yambiri yamankhwala monga kuchepetsedwa kwa masidation - kuchepetsa mgwirizano, komanso zomwe zimachitika. Holmium ndi chitsulo chokhazikika, ndipo mankhwala ake amapangidwa makamaka munthawi yochepa, yosungunuka bwino, maxidation osiyanasiyana amati, ndikupanga mapangidwe osiyanasiyana. Makhalidwe amenewa amagwiritsa ntchito a Holmuum kwambiri pamankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamankhwala, kugwiritsa ntchito chemistry, ndi kafukufuku wambiri.
Zachilengedwe Katundu wa Holmium
Zomwe Holmiological katundu wa Holmium waphunziridwa pang'ono, ndipo chidziwitso chomwe timadziwa mpaka pano ndi chamalire. Otsatirawa ndi ena mwa katundu wa Holmium mu zolengedwa:
1. Bioavailability: Holmium ndi wosowa mwachilengedwe, motero zomwe zili mu zolengedwa ndizochepa kwambiri. Holmium ali ndi bioavailability wosauka, ndiye kuti, kuthekera kwa chiwalo choloza ndikumwa holmium ndi malire, komwe ndi zifukwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti holmium yaumunthu isamveke bwino.
2. Ntchito yanyama: Ngakhale kuti pali chidziwitso chochepa cha zomwe zili ndi zachuma za Holmium, maphunziro asonyeza kuti Holmium itha kutenga njira zina mthupi la munthu. Kafukufuku wasayansi asonyeza kuti Holmium itha kukhala yokhudzana ndi mafupa ndi minofu ya minofu, koma njira inayake idadziwika.
3. Kuopsa: chifukwa cha bioavailability, holmium kuli ndi zoopsa kwa thupi la munthu. Mu kafukufuku wa laboratory wa Laboratory, kukhudzidwa ndi anthu omwe a Holmium kumatha kuwononga chiwindi ndi impso, koma kafukufuku wapano pa chiopsezo cha Holmium ndi ochepa. Mphamvu zachilengedwe za Holmium mu zolengedwa zamoyo sizinamveke bwino. Kafukufuku wapano amayang'ana pa ntchito zake zathupi ndi zoopsa pamoyo. Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo, kufufuza pa chilengedwe katundu wa Holmium ipitilirabe.
Kugawa kwa Holmium
Kufalitsa kwa Holmium m'chilengedwe ndikosowa kwambiri, ndipo ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zili ndi zotsika kwambiri padziko lapansi. Otsatirawa ndi kugawa kwa Holmium mu chilengedwe:
1. Kugawidwa mu kutumphuka kwadziko lapansi: Zomwe Holmuum m'mudzi za dziko lapansi zili pafupifupi 1.3ppm (magawo miliyoni), yomwe ndi imodzi yosowa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ngakhale zili zotsika kwambiri, Holmium imatha kupezeka m'miyala ina ndi ores, monga ore okhala ndi ma ores omwe ali ndi zinthu zina zapadziko lapansi.
2. Kukhalapo mu michere: Holmium makamaka ili ku Ores mu mawonekedwe a oxides, monga Holmaum oxide (Hoo2o3). Ho2o3 ndiosowa kwambiri oxideOre omwe ali ndi ndende yayikulu kwambiri ya Holmium.
3. Upangidwe Mwachilengedwe: Nthawi zambiri Holmium nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mitundu ina yaikazi ndi gawo la zinthu za Lantanide. Zitha kukhala mu chilengedwe mu mawonekedwe a oxides, ngwazi, carbonatu, etc.
4. Malo Ogawika: Kufalitsa kwa Holmium ndikofanana padziko lonse lapansi, koma kupanga kwake ndi kochepa chabe. Mayiko ena ali ndi zolengedwa za Holmium ku Holmium Ngakhale zomwe zili ndizotsika, zimakhala ndi mitundu ina yapadziko lapansi ndipo imapezeka m'malo ena apadera. Chifukwa cha kuperewera ndi kugawa zoletsa, migodi ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa Holmium ndizovuta.
Kuchotsera ndi kumeza kwa a Holmium Element
Holmium ndi chinthu chosowa chapadziko lapansi, ndipo migodi yake ndi yofuula imafanana ndi zinthu zina zamphongo padziko lapansi. Otsatirawa ndi mawu atsatanetsatane a migodi ndi kuchotsa mu holmium encment:
1. Kusaka Holmium ORE: Holmium ikhoza kupezeka munthawi yoyipa ya ores, ndipo courmium ORE Pres imaphatikizapo ma ores os ndi carbonate os. Izi zimapezeka mu mobisa kapena zotseguka.
2. Kuphwanya ndi kupera kwa ore: Pambuyo migodi, Holmium Ore Ayenera kuphwanyidwa ndikugwedezeka m'magawo ang'onoang'ono komanso oyengedwa.
3. Kutulutsa: kulekanitsa kwa Holmium ORE kuchokera kuzitsulo zina mwa njira yolowerera. Pazomera, wothandizira komanso thonje nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga holmium oret pansi pamadzimadzi, kenako amachitira mankhwala.
4. Kutulutsa kwamankhwala: pambuyo pa maluwa, a Holmium Ore alowa chithandizo hydrate chithandizo kuti atembenuzire ku Holmiali mchere. Chithandizo cha hydration nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizapo kuyanjanitsa ore ndikuchepetsa acid yankho la acid kuti apangitse ma acid a acid a holmium.
5. Kenako, sanuseka mpweya wozungulira kuti upatule a Holmium.
6. Kukula: Mafuta a Holmium a Holmium amafunika kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kutentha a Holmium ya Holmium yotentha kutentha kuti musinthe kukhala Holmaimu Oxide.
7. Kuchepetsa: Holmium oxide kumachepetsa kuchipatala kuti asinthe pa mechium holmium. Nthawi zambiri, ochepetsa magwiritsidwe ntchito (monga hydrogen) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kutentha kwambiri. 8 Njira zoyenga zoyenga zimaphatikizapo kuchotsera, electolysis, ndi kuchepa kwa mankhwala. Pambuyo pa izi pamwambapa, zoyera kwambiriZitsulo za Holmiumzitha kupezeka. Zitsulo za Hollium izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera ma sloys, maginito, makampani amagetsi a nyukiliya, ndi zida za laser. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti migodi ndi yopingasa ya zinthu zam'mlengalenga ndizovuta kwambiri ndipo zimafunikira ukadaulo wapamwamba komanso zida zothandizira kuti mukwaniritse zotsika mtengo komanso zochepa.
Njira zodziwika za holmium element
1. Mayamiki a atomu (AAS): Mayamwidwe a atomic spectrometry ndi njira yogwiritsidwa ntchito pokambirana yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a Holmium mu sampuliyo. Zimapangitsa kuti zitsanzo ziziyesedwa mu lawi, kenako ndikuyesa kuyamwa kwa holmium mu zitsanzo kudzera mu mawonekedwe. Njirayi ndiyoyenera kupezeka kwa Holmium pokwera kwambiri.
2. Imatola zitsanzo ndikupanga ma plasma kuti muyeze mawu apadera ndi mphamvu ya holmium kutulutsa mawonekedwe.
3. Imatola zitsanzo ndikupanga ma plasma kuti ayesetse kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa Holmium mu misa yamass spectrometer.
4. X-ray fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF): X-ray fluorescence spectrometry imagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a fluoresiscence atapangidwa ndi ma X-ray kuti asanthule zomwe zili patsamba. Imatha kudziwa bwino zomwe zili mu Holmium zomwe zili mu chitsanzo. Njirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu labotaries ndi minda yamafakitale yowunikira ndi kuwongolera kwa Holmium. Kusankhidwa kwa njira yoyenera kumadalira zinthu monga mtundu wake, kuwunika kofunikira ndi kulondola.
Ntchito yodziwika bwino ya Holmium atomic njira
Muyezo wa chinthu, njira ya atomiki imalondola kwambiri komanso kukhutaka, ndipo zimapereka njira yothandiza pophunzira zinthu zamankhwala, kuphatikiza kwa ma atomiki. Masitepe enieniwo ndi awa: Konzani zitsanzo kuti zithe. Konzani zitsanzo kuti zithe kuyesedwa mu yankho, zomwe zimafunikira kutsukidwa ndi asidi wosakaniza kuti muchepetse gawo limodzi. Sankhani mawonekedwe oyenera a atomu owoneka bwino. Malinga ndi zomwe zitsanzo zimayesedwa ndipo mitundu yonse ya Holmium yomwe ikuyenera kuyezedwa, sankhani mawonekedwe abwino a atomu. Sinthani magawo a atomiki a atomu. Malinga ndi zomwe zidayesedwa komanso mtundu wa chida, sinthani magawo a mawonekedwe a atomiki, kuphatikizapo gwero lopepuka, atomizer, wosunga, etc. Kuyeza Mbwezereni Ma Holmium. Ikani zitsanzo zomwe zimayesedwa mu atomizer, ndikuwunika zopepuka za kuchuluka kwa chiwonetsero chapadera. Dera la Holmium kuti liziyezetsa limatha kuyamwa ma radiation awa ndikupanga kusintha kwamphamvu. Yerekezerani kuyamwa kwa Holmium kudzera mwa chojambula. Kuwerengera zomwe zili ndi Holmium. Malinga ndi kulowetsedwa ndi kupindika, zomwe zili ndi Holmium imawerengeredwa. Otsatirawa ndi magawo enieni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chida chokwanira kuchira ku Hollium.
Holmium (Ho) muyezo: Holmaum Oxide (kalasi yowunikira).
Njira: Amavala bwino 1.145G Ho2o3, Sungunulani mu 20ml 5Mole hydrochloric acid, kuchepetsa 1l ndi madzi, ndende ya yankho ili ndi 1000μg / ml. Sungani mu botolo la polyethylene kutali ndi kuwala.
Mtundu wawi: nitrous oxide-acetylene, lawi lambiri
Zowunikira Zowunikira: Ndege (NM) 410.4 Spectral Bandwidth (NM) 0.2
Zosefera zolimba 0.6 Langer offied (Ma) 6
Voliyumu yayikulu (v) 384.5
Kutalika kwa mutu woyaka (mm) 12
Nthawi Yophatikizira (s) 3
Kupanikizika kwa mpweya ndikuyenda (mp, ml / min) 0.25, 5000
Matenda a nitrous oxide ndi kuyenda (mp, ml / min) 0.22, 5000
Kupanikizika kwa Acetylene ndikuyenda (mp, ml / min) 0.1, 4500
Codear Colleming Coe -.9980
Mawonekedwe ogwirira ntchito (μg / ml) 0.841
Njira yowerengera njira yopitilira yankho acidity 0,5%
GCL yoyeza:
Calbibration curve:
Kusokoneza: Holmium ndisirimo pang'ono mu nitrous oxide-acetylene lawi. Kuphatikiza potaziyamu nitrate kapena potaziyamu chloride ku potaziyamu yomaliza potaziyamu ya 2000μg / ml imatha kulepheretsa masiyoni a Hollmium. Pantchito yeniyeni, ndikofunikira kusankha njira yoyenera molingana ndi zosowa zina za malowa. Njirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuwunika ndi kudziwika kwa Cadmium ku labotaries ndi mafakitale.
Holmium yawonetsa bwino kuthekera kwakukulu m'minda yambiri ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri. Mwa kumvetsetsa mbiriyakale, njira zopezera,Kufunika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito Holmium, titha kumvetsetsa kufunikira ndi phindu la chinthu chamatsenga. Tiyeni tiyembekezere kuti Holmium ikubweretsa zodabwitsa zambiri pagulu la anthu mtsogolo ndi zopereka zazikulu popititsa patsogolo kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndiukadaulo ndi chitukuko chokhazikika.
Kuti mumve zambiri kapena kufunsa a Holmium TakulandiraniLumikizanani nafe
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Post Nthawi: Nov-13-2024