Tantalumndi chachitatu refractory zitsulo pambuyotungstenndirhenium. Tantalum ili ndi mndandanda wazinthu zabwino kwambiri monga malo osungunuka kwambiri, kutsika kwa nthunzi, kuzizira kogwira ntchito, kukhazikika kwamankhwala, kukana kwamphamvu kwa dzimbiri zazitsulo zamadzimadzi, komanso filimu ya dielectric ya pamwamba pa oxide. Ili ndi ntchito zofunika m'magawo apamwamba kwambiri monga zamagetsi, zitsulo, zitsulo, makampani opanga mankhwala, ma aloyi olimba, mphamvu ya atomiki, luso lapamwamba, zamagetsi zamagetsi, zakuthambo, zamankhwala ndi zaumoyo, ndi kafukufuku wa sayansi. Pakali pano, ntchito yaikulu ya tantalum ndi tantalum capacitors.
Kodi tantalum inapezeka bwanji?
M'zaka za m'ma 700, mchere wakuda wolemera womwe unapezedwa ku North America unatumizidwa ku British Museum kuti ukasungidwe. Pambuyo pa zaka pafupifupi 150, mpaka 1801, katswiri wa zamankhwala wa ku Britain Charles Hatchett anavomera ntchito yosanthula mcherewu kuchokera ku British Museum ndipo adapeza chinthu chatsopano kuchokera pamenepo, ndikuchitcha Columbium (kenako anadzatchedwa Niobium). Mu 1802, katswiri wa zamankhwala wa ku Sweden, Anders Gustav Eckberg, anapeza chinthu chatsopano posanthula mchere (niobium tantalum ore) ku Scandinavia Peninsula, umene asidi wake anasandulika kukhala mchere wa fluoride womwe umapangidwa ndi fluoride ndipo kenako amapangidwanso. Chinthuchi anachitcha kuti Tantalum kuchokera ku Tantalus, mwana wa Zeu m'nthano zachigiriki.
Mu 1864, Christian William Blomstrang, Henry Edin St. Clair Deville, ndi Louis Joseph Trost anatsimikizira momveka bwino kuti tantalum ndi niobium ndi mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala ndipo adatsimikiza za mankhwala a mankhwala ena okhudzana ndi mankhwala. M'chaka chomwechi, Demalinia inatenthetsa tantalum chloride m'malo a haidrojeni ndikupanga chitsulo cha tantalum kwa nthawi yoyamba kudzera pakuchepetsa. Werner Bolton anayamba kupanga zitsulo zoyera za tantalum mu 1903. Asayansi anali oyamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira crystallization kuchotsa tantalum ku niobium. Njira imeneyi inapezedwa ndi Demalinia mu 1866. Njira yomwe asayansi amagwiritsira ntchito masiku ano ndiyo kuchotsa zosungunulira za mankhwala a tantalum okhala ndi fluoride.
Mbiri yachitukuko chamakampani a tantalum
Ngakhale kuti tantalum inapezeka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, sizinali mpaka 1903 pamene tantalum yachitsulo inapangidwa, ndipo mafakitale a tantalum anayamba mu 1922. Choncho, chitukuko cha dziko lapansi cha tantalum chinayamba m'ma 1920, ndipo makampani a tantalum a ku China anayamba mu 1922. 1956. United States inali dziko loyamba padziko lapansi kuti liyambe kupanga tantalum, ndipo linayamba kupanga mafakitale azitsulo zachitsulo mu tantalum. 1922. Japan ndi maiko ena achikapitalist anayamba kupanga makampani a tantalum kumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1950 kapena koyambirira kwa ma 1960. Pambuyo pa zaka makumi ambiri za chitukuko, kupanga tantalum padziko lonse lapansi kwafika pamlingo waukulu. Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1990, pakhala pali makampani atatu akuluakulu opanga tantalum: Cabot Group yochokera ku United States, HCST Group yaku Germany, ndi Ningxia Oriental Tantalum Industry Co., Ltd. yochokera ku China. Magulu atatuwa akupanga 80% yazinthu zonse zapadziko lapansi za tantalum. The mankhwala, umisiri ndondomeko, ndi mlingo zida za makampani tantalum kunja zambiri mkulu, amene amakwaniritsa zosowa za chitukuko mofulumira sayansi ndi luso dziko.
Makampani a tantalum ku China adayamba m'ma 1960. Kumayambiriro kwa kusungunula kwa tantalum ndi kukonza ku China, kukula kwa kupanga, mulingo waukadaulo, kuchuluka kwazinthu, komanso mtundu wake zinali zotsalira kwambiri za mayiko otukuka. Kuyambira m'ma 1990, makamaka kuyambira 1995, kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito tantalum ku China kwawonetsa chitukuko chofulumira. Masiku ano, makampani a tantalum aku China akwanitsa kusintha kuchokera ku zazing'ono kupita ku zazikulu, kuchokera kunkhondo kupita kwa anthu wamba, komanso kuchokera mkati kupita kunja, ndikupanga njira yokhayo yamakampani padziko lonse lapansi kuchokera kumigodi, kusungunula, kukonza mpaka kugwiritsa ntchito. Zogulitsa zapamwamba, zapakati, ndi zotsika zalowa msika wapadziko lonse m'mbali zonse. China yakhala dziko lachitatu lamphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pakusungunula ndi kukonza tantalum, ndipo yalowa m'malo mwa mayiko akuluakulu amakampani a tantalum.
Chitukuko cha Makampani a Tantalum ku China
Kukula kwamakampani a tantalum ku China kumakumana ndi zovuta zina. Ngati pali kuchepa kwa zida zopangira komanso nkhokwe zosowa. Makhalidwe a chuma China kutsimikiziridwa tantalum ndi anamwazikana mchere mitsempha, zovuta mchere zikuchokera, otsika Ta2O5 kalasi mu ore choyambirira, zabwino mchere embedding tinthu kukula, ndi chuma zochepa chuma, kupangitsa kukhala kovuta kumanganso migodi ikuluikulu. Ngakhale tantalum wamkuluniobiummadipoziti apezeka m'zaka zaposachedwa, tsatanetsatane wa geological ndi mineral mikhalidwe, komanso kuwunika kwachuma, sizikudziwika bwino. Chifukwa chake, pali zovuta zazikulu pakuperekedwa kwa zida zoyambira za tantalum ku China.
Makampani a tantalum ku China akukumananso ndi vuto lina, lomwe ndi luso losakwanira la chitukuko cha zinthu zamakono. Sitingatsutse kuti ngakhale China tantalum makampani luso ndi zida zapita patsogolo kwambiri ndi kukhala ndi mphamvu kupanga misa kutulutsa uthunthu wa mankhwala tantalum, zinthu manyazi za overcapacity m'ma otsika mapeto ndi osakwanira kupanga mphamvu mkulu-mapeto. Zogulitsa monga high-voltage tantalum powder ndi tantalum chandamale zida za semiconductors ndizovuta kusintha. Chifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito pang'ono komanso kusakwanira kwamafakitale apanyumba zamakono, kutukuka kwazinthu zamakono mumakampani a tantalum ku China kwakhudzidwa. Malinga ndi mabizinesi, chitukuko chamakampani a tantalum chilibe chitsogozo ndi malamulo. M'zaka zaposachedwa, mabizinesi osungunula ndi kukonza tantalum apita patsogolo mwachangu kuyambira pa 5 mpaka 20, ndikubwerezanso kwambiri zomangamanga komanso kuchulukira kwakukulu.
M'zaka za ntchito yapadziko lonse lapansi, mabizinesi aku China a tantalum asintha njira zawo ndi zida zawo, akuchulukirachulukira, mitundu yosiyanasiyana, komanso mtundu, ndipo adalowa m'maiko akuluakulu amakampani opanga tantalum ndikugwiritsa ntchito. Malingana ngati titha kuthetsa mavuto azinthu zopangira, kupanga mafakitale apamwamba, ndi kukonzanso mafakitale, makampani a tantalum ku China adzalowadi m'magulu amphamvu padziko lonse.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-05-2024