Lanthanum, gawo 57 la tebulo la periodic.
Pofuna kupangitsa kuti tebulo la zinthu ziwoneke bwino, anthu adatulutsa mitundu 15 ya zinthu, kuphatikiza lanthanum, yomwe nambala yake ya Atomiki imachulukiranso, ndikuyika padera pansi pa tebulo la periodic. Awo mankhwala katundu ndi ofanana. Amagawana latisi yachitatu pamzere wachisanu ndi chimodzi wa tebulo la periodic, lomwe limatchedwa "Lanthanide" ndipo ndi la "zosowa zapadziko lapansi". Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, zomwe zili mu lanthanum mu kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi ndizochepa kwambiri, zachiwiri kwa cerium.
Kumapeto kwa 1838, katswiri wa zamankhwala wa ku Sweden, Mossander, anatcha oxide watsopano kukhala lanthanide lapansi ndipo chinthucho chinali lanthanum. Ngakhale kuti mapeto azindikiridwa ndi asayansi ambiri, Mossander akadali ndi kukayikira za zotsatira zake zofalitsidwa chifukwa adawona mitundu yosiyana poyesera: nthawi zina lanthanum imawoneka yofiirira, nthawi zina yoyera, ndipo nthawi zina mu pinki ngati chinthu chachitatu. Zochitika izi zinamupangitsa kukhulupirira kuti lanthanum ikhoza kukhala yosakaniza ngati cerium.
Lanthanum zitsulondi chitsulo chofewa choyera chasiliva chomwe chingapangidwe, kutambasula, kudula ndi mpeni, kuwononga pang'onopang'ono m'madzi ozizira, chimachita mwachiwawa m'madzi otentha, ndipo chimatha kutulutsa mpweya wa haidrojeni. Itha kuchitapo kanthu mwachindunji ndi zinthu zambiri zopanda zitsulo monga kaboni, nayitrogeni, boron, selenium, ndi zina.
A amorphous ufa woyera ndi nonmagneticLanthanum oxideamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mafakitale. Anthu amagwiritsa ntchito lanthanum m'malo mwa sodium ndi calcium kupanga bentonite yosinthidwa, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti phosphorous locking agent.
The Eutrophication m'madzi am'madzi makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa phosphorous m'madzi, zomwe zingayambitse kukula kwa algae wobiriwira wabuluu ndikuwononga mpweya wosungunuka m'madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kufa kwa nsomba. Ngati sanalandire chithandizo munthawi yake, madziwo amanunkha ndipo madziwo amaipiraipira. Kutuluka kosalekeza kwa madzi apakhomo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri phosphorous okhala ndi feteleza kwawonjezera kuchuluka kwa phosphorous m'madzi. Bentonite yosinthidwa yomwe ili ndi lanthanum imawonjezeredwa m'madzi ndipo imatha kutulutsa phosphorous yambiri m'madzi pamene ikukhazikika pansi. Ikakhazikika pansi, imathanso kupha phosphorous pamadzi am'nthaka, kupewa kutulutsa phosphorous mu matope apansi pamadzi, ndikuwongolera phosphorous m'madzi, makamaka, imatha kupangitsa kuti phosphorous igwire phosphate. mawonekedwe a hydrates a lanthanum phosphate, kotero kuti algae sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito phosphorous m'madzi, motero amalepheretsa kukula ndi kubereka kwa algae wa blue-green, ndikuthetsa bwino Eutrophication chifukwa cha phosphorous m'madzi osiyanasiyana monga nyanja, madamu ndi mitsinje.
Chiyero chachikuluLanthanum oxideAngagwiritsidwenso ntchito popanga magalasi olondola komanso ma board apamwamba a refractive optical fiber. Lanthanum ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kupanga chipangizo cha Night-vision, kuti asilikali amalize ntchito zankhondo usiku monga momwe amachitira masana. Lanthanum oxide itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga Ceramic capacitor, piezoelectric ceramics ndi X-ray luminescent materials.
Pofufuza mafuta amtundu wina, anthu amayang'ana kwambiri mphamvu ya haidrojeni yoyera, ndipo zinthu zosungiramo haidrojeni ndizo mfungulo pakugwiritsa ntchito haidrojeni. Chifukwa cha kupsa ndi kuphulika kwa haidrojeni, masilinda osungira ma haidrojeni amatha kuwoneka opusa kwambiri. Kupyolera mu kufufuza kosalekeza, anthu adapeza kuti Lanthanum-nickel alloy, zitsulo zosungiramo hydrogen zitsulo, zimakhala ndi mphamvu zogwira ntchito za hydrogen. Imatha kugwira mamolekyu a haidrojeni ndikuwawola kukhala maatomu a haidrojeni, ndikusunga maatomu a haidrojeni mumpata wa chitsulo chachitsulo kupanga hydride yachitsulo. Ma hydrides azitsulowa akatenthedwa, amatha kuwola ndikutulutsa haidrojeni, yomwe ili yofanana ndi chidebe chosungiramo haidrojeni, koma kuchuluka kwake ndi kulemera kwake kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kuposa masilinda achitsulo, kotero amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu za anode za Nickel yowonjezeredwa. -Battery yachitsulo ya hydride ndi magalimoto amagetsi osakanizidwa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-01-2023