Afanizo wamba ndikuti ngati mafuta ndi magazi a mafakitale, ndiyedziko lapansindi mavitamini a malonda.
Dziko lapansindiye chidule cha gulu la zitsulo.Dziko lapansiZinthu, Ree) adapezeka wina kuyambira wina kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18. Pali mitundu 17 ya Ree, kuphatikiza 15 lantanides pamoto wazomwe za mankhwala-Lanthanum(LA),ceum(CE),Praseymium(Pr),Newdyoum. Pafupifupi zaka 3-5, asayansi amatha kudziwa zatsopano za dziko lapansi, ndipo imodzi mwazinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi sizingapatsidwedziko lapansi.
China ilinsodziko lapansimchere, woyamba kukhazikitsidwa m'mitundu itatu: woyamba kusungira chuma, kumawerengera 23%; Kutulutsa koyambirira, kuwerengera 80% mpaka 90% ya zinthu zachilengedwe zapadziko lapansi; Buku Logulitsa ndi loyamba, lokhala ndi 60% mpaka 70% ya zinthu zomwe zimachitika padziko lapansi pano zimatumizidwa kunja. Nthawi yomweyo, China ndiye dziko lokhalo lomwe lingapereke mitundu yonse yazitsulo zapadziko lonse lapansi, makamaka sing'anga komanso yolemeradziko lapansiNdi gawo labwino kwambiri lankhondo.china limakhala lotheka.
Rndi dziko lapansiNdilo zinthu zofunika kwambiri, zomwe zimadziwika kuti "mafakitale monodium glutamate" ndi "Amayi a Zatsopano", ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuchepetsa sayansi ndi ukadaulo wambiri. Malinga ndi Unduna wa Mafakitale ndi Technology, zida zogwira ntchito mongadziko lapansiMaginisi okhazikika, opumira, ndipo catalysis akhala ophatikizika kwambiri ndi kupanga zida zapamwamba monga magetsi, makina, makina ogulitsa, kutetezedwa kwa chilengedwe, kuteteza chilengedwe, kuteteza chilengedwe, kuteteza chilengedwe, kuteteza chilengedwe, kuteteza chilengedwe, kuteteza chilengedwe, kuteteza chilengedwe, kuteteza chilengedwe, kuteteza chilengedwe, kuteteza chilengedwe, kuteteza chilengedwe, kuteteza chilengedwe, kuteteza chilengedwe, kuteteza chilengedwe, kutetezedwa kwa chilengedwe, kuteteza chilengedwe, kuteteza chilengedwe, kuteteza chilengedwe, kuteteza chilengedwe, kuteteza chilengedwe, kuteteza chilengedwe, kuteteza zachilengedwe .
Pofika mu 1983, Japan idayambitsa dongosolo losunga michere ya osowa, ndipo 83% ya nyumba yakedziko lapansiochokera ku china.
Tayang'anani pa United States kachiwiri, zakedziko lapansimalo osungirako achiwiri ku China, koma akedziko lapansionse ndi kuwaladziko lapansi, zomwe zagawika kwambiridziko lapansindi zowala zopepuka. Cholemeradziko lapansindiokwera mtengo kwambiri, ndipo nthaka yopepuka ndi yanga osati yanga, yomwe yasinthidwa kukhala yabodzadziko lapansiS ndi anthu omwe ali m'makampani. 80% ya ifedziko lapansiZogulitsa zimachokera ku China.
Comrade Deng XIAOPIKE nthawi ina adati: "Pali mafuta ku Middle East ndidziko lapansiku China. Kutanthauza mawu ake kumawonekera. Dziko lapansi sikuti ndi "Msg" ya 1/5 yamphamvu kwambiri ya China padziko lapansidziko lapansiZachuma, yasandulika dziko la anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi zolinga zapamwamba kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa kuti mupewe zamtengo wapatalidziko lapansiZida zakugulitsidwa mosakhumudwitsidwa ndi mayiko akumadzulo. Mu 1992, deng Xaoping momveka bwino za China ngati yayikuludziko lapansidziko.
Mndandanda wazogwiritsa ntchito Zazikulu 17
1.Lanthanumimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zisonyezo ndi mafilimu olima
2.Ceumimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalasi agalimoto
3 Praseymiumimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'matumba a ceramic
4.Newdyoumamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo a Arospace
5 .Promethium imapereka mwayi wothandiza pa Satellites
6.App imasunthaMhamariumMu atomiki Custocy
7EuropiumMafuta opanga ndi mawonekedwe a galasi
8.GadoliniumKwa magiltic magnetic oganiza bwino
9.Mnyangaimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ndege ya ndege
10.Erbiumimagwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi ya laser munkhondo
11.Dyspriumimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magetsi owunikira filimu ndi kusindikiza
12.Holmiumimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zida zolankhulira
13.Mapeliumimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa matenda ndi chithandizo cha zotupa
14.YterbiumZowonjezera pazinthu zamakompyuta
15.appances yalutetiummuukadaulo wa batiri
16.YNTriumamapanga mawaya ndi zigawo za ndege
17.Sinandiumnthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga
Zambiri ndi izi:
1
Lanthanum(La)
Mu Nkhondo ya Gulf, chipangizo cha masomphenya usiku ndidziko lapansielementiLanthanumidakhala gwero lalikulu la akasinki a US.Munthu pamwambapa zikuwonetsaLanthanum chlorideUfa (Map)
Lanthanumamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu piezoelectric zida, zida zamagetsi, zida za thermoelectristc, zida zamagetsi, zida zamagetsi, zida za hydrogen, zida zamagetsi, ndi zina.Lanthanumimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ku Catalysts pokonzekera mankhwala ambiri olengedwa, asayansi atchulidwaLanthanum"Super Calcium" chifukwa cha mbewu zake pa mbewu.
2
Ceum(CE)
CeumItha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira, arc electrode ndi galasi lapadera.Cerium iloyamalimbana ndi kutentha kwambiri ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga map a juyi (Map)
(1)Ceum, monga owonjezera agalasi, amatha kuyamwa ultraviolet ndi infrared gyys, ndipo wagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalasi a magetsi.Sit 1997, Ceria awonjezeredwa pagalasi yonse ku Japan. Mu 1996, osachepera 2000 matani a Criaia adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati galasi lagalimoto, ndi matani opitilira 1000 ku United States.
(2) Pakadali pano,ceumikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu harleoti yotsukira chotsitsimutsa, chomwe chimatha kupewa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ambiri kuti atulutsidwe mlengalenga. Kumwa kwaCeumM'makalata a United States kwa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwathunthu kwadziko lapansi.
. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa mapulasitiki, zokutira, inki ndi mafakitale apepala.AT, kampani yotsogola ndi French RHOON RHOne.
(4) CE: Njira ya laseji ya laseji ndi laser yolimba yopangidwa ndi United States. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira zida zachilengedwe ndi zamankhwala powunikira chidwi cha tryptophan.Ceumamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'minda yambiri. Pafupifupi zonse zomwe zilipo padziko lapansiceum.ceumMa electrodes a Tungsten, Capactor Capactors, piezoelectric ceramics,ceum Silicon CarbideAbrasies, zida zamafuta zopangira ma cell, mankhwala opatsirana a petulo, maginito ena opita kunyumba, mitundu ingapo ya alloy komanso zitsulo zosakhalapo.
3
Praseymium(Pr)
(1)Praseymiumamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga Cerramics ndi kugwiritsa ntchito centics tsiku ndi tsiku. Itha kusakanikirana ndi matenda a cerac kuti apange glaze, ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati pigmoment. Ma pigment ndi opepuka achikaso ndi oyera komanso okongola.
(2) Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maginito okhazikika. Kutsika mtengoPraseymiumndiZitsulo za Newdymiumm'malo mwangwiroZitsulo za NewdymiumKupanga maginito osatha, kukana kwake kwa oxygen ndi makina ake mwachionekere kuti akutukuka, ndipo amatha kukonzedwa m'mapazi osiyanasiyana.it imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zosiyanasiyana.
.PraseymiumndiNewdyoumNdili ndi ma molecular siecular kuti akonze petroleum osokoneza atulystst.china adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale mu 1970s, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kumawonjezeka.
(4)PraseymiumItha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito popukutira popukutira.Nnji,Praseymiumimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu munda wa zitsamba.
4
Newdyoum(nd)
Chifukwa chiyani m1 thanki ikhoza kupezeka koyamba?
Ndi kubadwa kwaPraseymium,Newdyoumadayamba kukhala. Kufika kwa Newdymium adayendetsadziko lapansimundawo, adagwira gawo lofunikira mu munda wachinyengo padziko lapansi, ndikusonkhezeradziko lapansimsika.
Newdyoumwakhala malo otentha pamsika kwa zaka zambiri chifukwa cha malo ake apadera m'munda wadziko lapansi.Wogwiritsa ntchito wamkulu kwambiriZitsulo za Newdymiumndi zinthu za NDFEB zosatha. Kubwera kwa maginito osatha a NDFF adagwira ntchito mwamphamvu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Maginito a NDFF amatchedwa "mfumu yazambiri zamagetsi" chifukwa cha mphamvu yamagetsi yokhazikika. Kukula kwabwino kwa alpha magletrometer kumawonetsa kuti maginito a NDFFOB ku China alowa padziko lapansi.Newdumum Iogwiritsidwanso ntchito m'malo osakhala opweteka. Kuonjezera 1.5-2.5% Nyunmentium mu magnesium kapena aluminium aluya amatha kukonza kutentha kwambiri, kukhazikika kwa mpweya ndi zida za Allos. Kuphatikiza apo, Newymium-dopydium-yttrium aluminium adyene amapanga mtengo wochepa, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri powonjeza ndikudula zinthu zopyapyala ndi makulidwe pansi pa 10mmm. Mu chithandizo chamankhwala, ND: Yag laser imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa opaleshoni kapena mankhwalawa mankhwala m'malo mwa scalpel.Newdyoumimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati galasi la utoto ndi zinthu zadothi komanso monga zowonjezera pazogulitsa za mphira.
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Promethium (PM)
Promethium ndi chinthu chojambula chojambula chopangidwa ndi nyukiliya zojambula (Map)
(1) Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la kutentha. Perekani opindulitsa othandiza kuti asapeze salpillite ya satellite.
. Monga mphamvu zoperekera zida zowongolera ndi mawotchi. Batiri lamtunduwu ndi laling'ono kukula ndipo lingagwiritsidwe ntchito mosalekeza kwa zaka zingapo. Kuphatikiza apo, promethium imagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu chida chonyamula X ray, kukonzekera phosphoro, kukula kwa makulidwe ndi nyali ya Beoni.
6
Mhamarium(SM)
Sankarium yazitsulo(Mapa data)
SmNdi chikasu, ndipo ndi zopangira zamatsenga zosatha za SM-Con-C. Ndipo SM-CI-CICTEE NDI MALO OGWIRITSIRA NTCHITO YOPHUNZITSIRA Pali mitundu iwiri yamitundu yokhazikika: SMCA5 System ndi SM2Co17. Kumayambiriro kwa m'ma 1970, kachitidweko kanapangidwa, ndipo makina a SM2Co17 adapangidwa munthawi yamtsogolo. Tsopano kufunikira kwake kumaperekedwa patsogolo. Kuyera kwaSamarium OxidentchitomhamariumCobat Magnet sayenera kukhala okwera kwambiri. Poganizira mtengo wake, makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi 95% ya zinthu. Kuphatikiza apo,Samarium Oxideimagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu diactors ndi othandizira. Kuphatikiza apo,mhamariumili ndi zida za nyukiliya, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zida zopangira, zida zotetezedwa ndi zida zowongolera za atomiki mphamvu, kotero kuti mphamvu yayikulu yomwe idapangidwa ndi chilengedwe cha nyukiliya zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosatekeseka.
7
Europium(EU)
Europium oxideUfa (Map)
Europium oxideimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa maphossor (Map)
Mu 1901, Eugene-antolerdemay adapeza chinthu chatsopano kuchokera "mhamarium", wotchedwaEuropium. Awa mwina amatchedwa Mawu Europe.Europium oxideimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa ufa wa fluorescent. Eu3 + amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati woyambitsa phosphor, ndi Eue2 + amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati phosophor wabuluu. Tsopano Y2o2S: EU3 + ndiye phosophor yabwino kwambiri yopukutira bwino, yolumikiza yofanana ndi mtengo wobwezeretsanso.Europium oxideyakhala ikugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati phosiphor yolimbikitsa ya X-ray Cardios Iscios zaka zaposachedwa.Europium oxideItha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga magalasi achikuda ndi zosefera zosungiramo maginito, zimathandizanso maluso ake m'magawo owongolera, zida zotetezedwa ndi zida zopangira ma atomic.
8
Gadolinium(GD)
GadoliniumNdipo ma isotopis ake ndi okonda kwambiri a neutron ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zoletsa za nyukiliya. (Mapa data)
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(3)Gadolinium in GadoliniumGallium Garnet ndi gawo limodzi labwino kwambiri pakukumbukira kwa bubbble.
(4) Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati firiji yolimba ya maginiri popanda choletsa.
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(6) Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowonjezeramhamariumCobalt magnet kuti muwonetsetse kuti magwiridwewo sasintha ndi kutentha.
9
Mnyanga(Tb)
Terbium oxideUfa (Map)
Kugwiritsa ntchitomnyangaNthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo gawo lalikulu laukadaulo, lomwe ndi ntchito yodulira ndi ukadaulo komanso wodziwa kwambiri, komanso polojekiti yopindulitsa pazachuma, ndi chidwi chachikulu.
.mnyanga-Kupangitsa Cerium-Magnesium almachete almint matrix, omwe amawala kwambiri.
(2) Zipangizo zosungirako magnetical. M'zaka zaposachedwa, ma tribium magnendo-mapesi afika pamlingo wambiri. Magnetic discs opangidwa ndi mafilimu a chifuwa cha TB-FR amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zosungira za makompyuta, komanso kuchuluka kosungirako kumachulukitsidwa ndi 10 ~ 15.
(3) Galasi ya magnendomnyanga-golide wa Faraday Faraday yofinya ndiye chinthu chofunikira popanga oratotor, a Isolation ndi Ansulators omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muukadaulo wa Laser. Makamaka, chitukuko cha tense chatsegula kugwiritsa ntchito terfenol, komwe ndi zatsopano zomwe zapezeka mu 1970s. Theka la alloy uyu amakhalamnyangandiDysprium, nthawi zina ndiHolmiumNdipo ena onse ndi chitsulo.Ndipo alloy adayamba kupangidwa ndi ames labotale ku Iowa, USA. Pamene terfenol imayikidwa mumunda wamatsenga, kukula kwake kumasintha kuposa zida wamba zamatsenga, zomwe zimatha kupangitsa kuti zizolowezi zitheke. Chitsulo cha Thypoum amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Soniar poyamba, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'minda yambiri pakadali pano.
10
Dysprium(Dy)
Dysprium yazitsulo(Mapa data)
.DyspriumKwa maginito awa amatha kusintha mphamvu yake yolimba. M'mbuyomu, kufunikira kwaDyspriumSizinali zazikulu, koma ndi kufunika kwa maginito a Ndfeb, itakhala yofunikira yowonjezera, ndipo kalasi iyenera kukhala pafupifupi 95 ~ 99.9%, ndipo kufunikira kwakekonso kunakula mwachangu.
(2)Dyspriumimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati oyambitsa phosphor. WachiduleDyspriumndi chowonjezera cholonjeza ion ya tricolor romuscent zinthu ndi luminescent center. Zimakhala ndi magulu awiri a mitundu iwiri, imodzi ndi yopepuka yachikaso, inayo ndi yopepuka ya buluu. Zinthu zopunthira zimapangidwiraDyspriumitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati maprosser a tricolor.
(3)Dyspriumndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chokonzekera terfenol protoy mu Aloy, yomwe imatha kuzindikira zinthu zina mwaluso zamakina.
(4)DYSPROSOSIMAItha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zamagalasi zosungidwa ndi zojambula zojambulidwa kwambiri ndikuwerenga chidwi.
(5) Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekeraDyspriumnyali, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchitoDyspriumNyali ndi dyskhmosium iodides, yomwe ili ndi maubwino owala kwambiri, utoto wabwino, kutentha kabwino, kukula kokhazikika, ndipo wagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafilimu owunikira.
(6)Dyspriumimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza neutron mphamvu ya neutron kapena neutron wolowa m'makampani a atomiki mphamvu chifukwa cha malo ake akuluakulu a Neron.
. Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo, magawo aDyspriumidzakulitsidwa mosalekeza ndikukula.
11
Holmium(Ho)
Ho-Fe AloY(Mapa data)
Pakadali pano, gawo la chitsulo likufunika kupangidwanso, ndipo kumwa sikwakulu. Posachedwa,Dziko lapansiKafukufuku amene akufufuza za Baotou Steel watengera kutentha kwambiri ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba wa vacuum, ndipo adapanga chivwende chachikulu qin hodziko lapansizodetsa.
Pakadali pano, kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa malowa ndi:
.osowah halides. Pakadali pano, a Iodider a Iodider a ku Iodides omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka, omwe amatulutsa mizere yosiyanasiyana yolowera pomwe magesi amapeza. Zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nyali yachitsulo ndi Qiniodide, kukhazikika kwa ma atomu achitsulo kumatha kupezeka ku ARC Kumalo, chifukwa chake kukonza mwakuwongolera kwamphamvu.
(2) Iron can be used as an additive for recording iron or billion aluminum garnet
. Chifukwa chake, mukamagwiritsa ntchito ho: yanyani laser kuti mugwire ntchito zachipatala, sizingangosintha ntchito yogwira ntchito ndi kulondola, komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mafuta ku kukula kocheperako. Mbale yaulere yomwe imapangidwa ndi crystal yomwe imatha kuchotsa mafuta osapanga kutentha kwambiri, kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa mafuta a ku United States ku China kwafika ndikupanga mtundu wa laser.
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12
Erbium(Er)
Erbium oxideufa (tchati chidziwitso)
. Pambuyo posangalatsidwa ndi 980nm ndi 1480nm kuwala, nyambo ya nyambo (ER3 + 1) magetsi okwera 4.3 / 2. Quartz chiberekero chitha kufalitsa kuwala kwa magwero osiyanasiyana, komabe, kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe a 1550nm ndi otsika kwambiri. Njira yoyankhulirana molingana ndi mfundo ya laser, chifukwa chake, mu netiweki ya telecom yomwe ikufunika kukulitsa chizindikiro cha 1550nm chowoneka bwino, chimbale cha chimbale cham'maso ndi chida chofunikira. Pakadali pano, nyambo yonyamula silica fiber yakhala yojambulidwa.
(2). Zapangidwa kukhala mtundu wa laser yonyamula yomwe imakhala yotetezeka kwa maso amunthu pakugwiritsa ntchito usilikali.
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(4) ER3 + Ikhoza kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati ion yogwiradziko lapansizoyambitsa laser.
(5).
13
Mapelium(Tm)
Pambuyo pokhala ndi vuto la nyukiliya,mapeliumimatulutsa iyotope yomwe imatha kutulutsa x-ray, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati radi ya X-ray (Map)
(1)Mapeliumimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ray ya makina onyamula X-ray. Pambuyo pakuchotsa ku nyukiliya rikiti, tm imatulutsa mtundu wa isotope zomwe zimatha kutulutsa x-ray, zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magazi. Mtundu wa radiometer amatha kusintha Yu-169 kukhala tm-170 pansi pa mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri komanso wonyezimira, ndikuwonetsa x-ray kukhetsa magazi ndikuchepetsa maselo oyera. Ndi maselo oyera a m'magazi omwe amayambitsa kukana chiwalo cha ziwalo, kuti muchepetse kukana kwa ziwalo.
(2) (2)MapeliumItha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pakuchipatala ndi chithandizo cha chotupa chifukwa cha zotupa zake zotupa, dziko lolemera kwambiri limagwirizana kwambiri kuposa kuwaladziko lapansi, makamaka kamene kali ya yu ndiye wamkulu kwambiri.
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14
Yterbium(Yb)
Yterbium chitsulo(Mapa data)
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(3) Gawoli lagalasi lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pokakamiza. Kuyesera kumawonetsa kuti kukhudzidwa kwa galasi kumakwera kwambiri pamtunda wovuta, womwe umatsegulira njira yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito kalilole pakukakamizidwa.
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. Kuphatikiza apo, kalilole amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwa onjezerani a fluorescent pautoto, electrocy memory informent (magnetic eleck) owonjezera, galasi
15
Lutetium(Lu)
Lutetium oxideUfa (Map)
Yttrium lutetium silemium shorstal (Map)
(1) Pangani ma adotolo ena apadera. Mwachitsanzo, Lutetium aluminium aloy angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwunika kwa neutron.
(2) kholalutetiumNuclides amasewera gawo la mankhwala ku petroleum kusokoneza, alkylation, hydrogenation ndi polymerization.
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(4) Zopangira magnetic Bubble reservoir.
. Kuyesera kumawonetsa kuti lirani ku Lutetium-dopstal ndipamwamba kuposa Nyab Crystal informaty ndi magwiridwe antchito.
(6) Zapezeka kutilutetiumAmagwiritsa ntchito magwiridwe antchito a Electroctrocromic ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono a semiconductors. Kuphatikiza apo,lutetiumimagwiritsidwanso ntchito muukadaulo wa batiri komanso woyambitsa phosphor.
16
YNTrium(y)
YNTriumimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, YNTRIum Aluminium Garnet ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida za laser, yttraum wachitsulo amagwiritsidwa ntchito posinthira microwave, ndipo ytrium-doupium-dopedYTTRIAM OXIDamagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma phoshors pa TV ya TV. (Mapa data)
(1) Zowonjezera zitsulo komanso zosasangalatsa. Fecr alloy nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi 0,5-4%YNTrium, zomwe zimatha kupititsa patsogolo kukana kwa oxidation ndi maunguluwa a zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri; Katundu wokwanira wa MB26 mwachionekere amatukuka powonjezera kuchuluka kwa zochulukirapo za ytriumdziko lapansi, omwe amatha kusintha ma vatunum a aluminiyamu okhazikika ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo za ndege. Kuwonjezera zocheperako za yttrikaumdziko lapansiku Al-ZR Sloy, zomwe zitsamba zija zitha kukhala zikuyenda bwino; The alloy walandiridwa ndi mafakitale ambiri ku China. Kuonjezera Yttrium mu mkuwa wa Anoor Kuchita zamakhalidwe ndi mphamvu zamakina.
(2) Silicon Nitride Chuma Chokhala ndi 6%YNTriumNdipo 2% aluminiyamu akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zigawo za injini.
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(5) WamkuluYNTriumZida za Alticracivity zomwe zili ndi 90% Yttrium itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito muviation ndi malo ena omwe amafunikira kachulukidwe kakang'ono komanso kokhazikika.
. Kuphatikiza apo,YNTriumimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zinthu zopopera kutentha, osalimbikitsa mafuta a atomic mafuta, owonjezera owonjezera maginito, komanso wotakataka mu malonda amagetsi.
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Sinandium(Sc)
Scanda yachitsulo(Mapa data)
Poyerekeza ndi zinthu za ytdzium ndi lantanide, scandarium ili ndi radius yaying'ono yocheperako komanso yofooka ya hydroxide. Chifukwa chake, litisinandiumNdipo zinthu zam'mtundu waikulu padziko lapansi zimasakanikirana,sinandiumapanga koyamba mukamagwiridwa ndi Ammonia (kapena kuchepetsa kwambiri alkali), kotero ikhoza kupatukana mosavutadziko lapansizinthu mwa njira ya "mpweya wambiri". Njira inanso ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuwonongeka kwa polaration ya nitrate yolekanitsa.Candium nitrate ndikosavuta kwambiri kuti muwongolere, ndikukwaniritsa cholinga cholekanitsa.
SC ikhoza kupezeka ndi electrolysis.Scocl3, KCL ndi lill ali osungunuka nthawi ya scandaum yoyenga, ndipo zitsulo zosungunula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cashoputure ya electrolysis, kotero kutisinandiumamakonzedwa pa electrode ya zinc, kenako zinc imasinthidwa kuti ipezesinandium. Kuphatikiza apo,sinandiumamabwezeretsedwa mosavuta pokonza ore kuti apange Uranium, nsonga ndi lantanide. Kubwezeretsa kokwanirasinandiumkuchokera ku tungsten ndi tin ore ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambirisinandium.Sinandiummakamaka m'malo ophatikizika, omwe amayamwa mosavutaSco2o3Mpweya ndi kutayira zosungunuka zazitsulo ndikusintha kukhala imvi yakuda.
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito zazikulu zasinandiumndi:
(1)Sinandiumikhoza kuchitira ndi madzi otentha kuti amasule hydrogen, ndipo amasungunuka mu asidi, kotero ndikuchepetsa wothandizira.
(2)Scandaum oxideNdipo hydroxide ndizakudya zam'madzi zokha, koma phulusa lamchere sizitha kuthandizidwa. Scandaum chloride ndi yoyera yoyera, yosungunuka m'madzi ndi yopanda mpweya.
(3) M'matampani azitsulo,sinandiumNthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma valoys (zowonjezera za ma adokos) kuti musinthe mphamvu, kuuma, kuwongolera kutentha ndi magwiridwe antchito. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera zochepasinandiumkuphwanya chitsulo kumatha kusintha kwambiri zomwe zimapangidwa chitsulo, ndikuwonjezera zochepasinandiumkwa aluminiyamu amatha kusintha mphamvu ndi kukana kutentha.
(4) M'malo amagetsi,sinandiumitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zosiyanasiyana semiconduct. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito scandium sulfite ku semiconductors kumakopa chidwi kunyumba ndi kunja, komanso kabuku kasinandiumakulonjezanso m'mapadza apakompyuta.
(5) Makina opanga mankhwala,sinandiumPawiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kamwani yakumwa ndi kusowa kwa madzi m'thupi, komwe ndi chothandiza kwambiri pakupanga ethylene ndi chlorine kuchokera ku zinyalala za hydrochloric acid.
(6) Makampani ogulitsa magalasi, magalasi apadera okhala ndisinandiumikhoza kupangidwa.
(7) M'malo owunikira magetsi,sinandiumndi nyali za sodium zopangidwa ndisinandiumndi sodium ali ndi maubwino okwanira bwino komanso mtundu wabwino.
(8)Sinandiumilipo mu mawonekedwe a 45sc m'chilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, pali ma radiose asanu ndi atatu aSinandium, ndipo 40 ~ 44sc ndi 46 ~ 49sc. Pakati pawo, 46sc, monga tracer, yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zamankhwala, metallitsargy ndi zozungulira. Mankhwala, pali anthu akunja omwe amaphunzira pogwiritsa ntchito 46Sc kuti muwachitire khansa.
Post Nthawi: Aug-09-2021