Praseodymium oxide,mawonekedwe a molekyuluPr6O11, kulemera kwa maselo 1021.44.
Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu galasi, zitsulo, komanso ngati chowonjezera cha ufa wa fulorosenti. Praseodymium oxide ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika pakuwalamankhwala osowa padziko lapansi.
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera akuthupi ndi mankhwala, wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'minda monga zoumba, magalasi, maginito osowa padziko lapansi, zopangira zowonongeka zapadziko lapansi, ufa wosowa wopukuta nthaka, zipangizo zopera, ndi zowonjezera, ndi chiyembekezo chodalirika.
Kuyambira m'ma 1990, ukadaulo wopanga ku China ndi zida za praseodymium oxide zasintha kwambiri ndikuwongolera, ndikukula mwachangu komanso kutulutsa. Sizingatheke kokha kukwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito zapakhomo ndi zofunikira za msika, koma palinso kuchuluka kwa zogulitsa kunja. Chifukwa chake, ukadaulo waku China wopanga, zogulitsa ndi zotulutsa za praseodymium oxide, komanso kufunikira kwa misika yapakhomo ndi yakunja, ndi ena mwamakampani omwe ali padziko lapansi.
Katundu
Black ufa, kachulukidwe 6.88g/cm3, kusungunuka mfundo 2042 ℃, kuwira mfundo 3760 ℃. Insoluble m'madzi, sungunuka mu zidulo kupanga trivalent salt. Zabwino conductivity.
Kaphatikizidwe
1. Njira yolekanitsa mankhwala. Zimaphatikizapo njira yopangira kristalo, njira yochepetsera pang'onopang'ono ndi njira ya okosijeni. Yoyamba imasiyanitsidwa kutengera kusiyana kwa kristalo kusungunuka kwa nitrate zapadziko lapansi. Kupatukanaku kumachokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mvula yambiri ya mchere wosowa padziko lapansi wa sulphate complex salt. Yotsirizirayi imasiyanitsidwa kutengera makutidwe ndi okosijeni a trivalent Pr3+ to tetravalent Pr4+. Njira zitatuzi sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga mafakitale chifukwa cha kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa dziko lapansi, njira zovuta, ntchito zovuta, zotsika mtengo, komanso ndalama zambiri.
2. Njira yolekanitsa. Kuphatikizira njira yolekanitsa yophatikizira ndi njira yolekanitsa ya P-507 ya saponification. Zakale zimagwiritsa ntchito zovuta zowonjezera za DYPA ndi N-263 kuchotsa ndi kulekanitsa praseodymium ku dongosolo la nitric acid la praseodymium neodymium, zomwe zimapangitsa Pr6O11 99% yokolola 98%. Komabe, chifukwa cha zovuta, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zinthu zovuta, komanso kukwera mtengo kwazinthu, sikunagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga mafakitale. Awiri omalizawa ali ndi m'zigawo zabwino komanso kulekanitsa praseodymium ndi P-507, zonse zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafakitale. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa P-507 m'zigawo za praseodymium komanso kutayika kwakukulu kwa P-204, P-507 m'zigawo ndi njira yolekanitsa pakali pano ikugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafakitale.
3. Njira yosinthira ion sichimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri popanga chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali, ntchito yovuta, ndi zokolola zochepa, koma chiyero cha mankhwala Pr6O11 ≥ 99 5%, zokolola ≥ 85%, ndipo zotulutsa pa unit ya zida ndizochepa.
1) Kupanga zinthu za praseodymium oxide pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthira ion: kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangidwa ndi praseodymium neodymium (Pr, Nd) 2Cl3 ngati zopangira. Amakonzedwa kukhala njira yopangira chakudya (Pr, Nd) Cl3 ndikukwezedwa mugawo la adsorp kuti adsorb saturated saturated earths. Pamene ndende ya njira yodyetsera yomwe ikubwera imakhala yofanana ndi ndende ya outflow, kutengeka kwa mayiko osowa padziko lapansi kumatsirizidwa ndikudikirira njira yotsatira yogwiritsira ntchito. Pambuyo pokweza gawolo mu utomoni wa cationic, njira ya CuSO4-H2SO4 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyenderera mugawo kukonzekera ndime yolekanitsa ya Cu H + kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito. Mukalumikiza ndime imodzi yotsatsira ndi magawo atatu olekanitsa, gwiritsani ntchito EDT A (0 015M) Imayenda kuchokera pagawo loyamba la adsorption kuti mulekanitse (kutsika kwa 1 2cm/mphindi). ndime yolekanitsa yachitatu panthawi yolekanitsa, imatha kusonkhanitsidwa ndi wolandila ndikuthandizidwa ndi mankhwala kuti apeze Nd2O3 byproduct itasiyanitsidwa, yankho loyera la PrCl3 limasonkhanitsidwa potuluka pagawo lolekanitsa ndikupatsidwa chithandizo chamankhwala. kutulutsa mankhwala a Pr6O11. Njira yayikulu ndi iyi: zopangira → kukonza njira ya chakudya → kutsatsa kwapadziko lapansi kosowa pagawo la adsorption → kulumikizana kwa gawo lolekanitsa → kupatukana kwa leaching → kusonkhanitsa koyera kwa praseodymium → mpweya wa oxalic acid → kuzindikira → kuyika.
2) Kupanga mankhwala a praseodymium oxide pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya P-204: kugwiritsa ntchito lanthanum cerium praseodymium chloride (La, Ce, Pr) Cl3 monga zopangira. Sakanizani zopangirazo kukhala zamadzimadzi, saponify P-204, ndikuwonjezera palafini kuti mupange chotsitsa. Alekanitse madzi odyetsa kuchokera ku praseodymium yotengedwa mu thanki yofotokozera yosakanikirana. Kenako sambani zonyansa zomwe zili mu gawo la organic, ndikugwiritsa ntchito HCl kuchotsa praseodymium kuti mupeze yankho loyera la PrCl3. Yambani ndi oxalic acid, calcine, ndi phukusi kuti mupeze mankhwala a praseodymium oxide. Njira yaikulu ndi iyi: zopangira → kukonza njira yothetsera chakudya → P-204 m'zigawo za praseodymium → kutsuka → kuchotsera asidi pansi pa praseodymium → yankho loyera la PrCl3 → mpweya wa oxalic acid → kuwerengera → kuyesa → kuyika (praseodymium oxide product).
3) Kupanga mankhwala praseodymium okusayidi ntchito P507 m'zigawo njira: Kugwiritsa cerium praseodymium kolorayidi (Ce, Pr) Cl3 anachokera kum'mwera ionic osowa dziko concentrate monga zopangira (REO ≥ 45%, praseodymium okusayidi ≥ 75%). Pambuyo pochotsa praseodymium ndi njira yokonzekera chakudya ndi P507 yotulutsa mu thanki yochotsa, zonyansa zomwe zili mu gawo la organic zimatsuka ndi HCl. Pomaliza, praseodymium imachotsedwanso ndi HCl kuti ipeze yankho loyera la PrCl3. Kuchuluka kwa praseodymium yokhala ndi oxalic acid, kuwerengetsa, ndi kulongedza kumabweretsa zinthu za praseodymium oxide. Njira yayikulu ndi iyi: zopangira → kukonza njira ya chakudya → kutulutsa praseodymium ndi P-507 → kuchapa zonyansa → kubweza m'zigawo za praseodymium → yankho loyera la PrCl3 → mpweya wa oxalic acid → kuwerengetsa → kuzindikira → kuyika (praseodymium oxide).
4) Kupanga zinthu za praseodymium oxide pogwiritsa ntchito njira yochotsa P507: Lanthanum praseodymium chloride (Cl, Pr) Cl3 yotengedwa kuchokera ku Sichuan rare earth concentrate imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira (REO ≥ 45%, praseodymium oxide 8.05%), zokonzedwa kukhala chakudya madzi. Praseodymium imachotsedwa ndi saponified P507 extraction agent mu thanki yochotsa, ndipo zonyansa zomwe zili mu gawo la organic zimachotsedwa ndi kutsuka kwa HCl. Kenako, HCl idagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsanso praseodymium kuti apeze yankho loyera la PrCl3. Praseodymium oxide mankhwala amapezedwa ndi precipitating praseodymium ndi oxalic acid, calcining, ndi ma CD. Njira yayikulu ndi: zopangira → zopangira → P-507 m'zigawo za praseodymium → kuchapa zonyansa → kubweza m'zigawo za praseodymium → yankho loyera la PrCl3 → mpweya wa oxalic acid → kuwerengera → kuyezetsa → kuyika (mankhwala a praseodymium oxide).
Pakali pano, waukulu ndondomeko luso kupanga mankhwala praseodymium okusayidi ku China ndi P507 m'zigawo njira pogwiritsa ntchito hydrochloric acid dongosolo, amene ankagwiritsa ntchito mu mafakitale kupanga zosiyanasiyana osowa dziko oxides ndipo wakhala patsogolo kupanga ndondomeko luso chimodzimodzi. makampani padziko lonse lapansi, kukhala pakati pa pamwamba.
Kugwiritsa ntchito
1. Ntchito mu galasi osowa lapansi
Pambuyo powonjezera ma oxides osowa padziko lapansi pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zamagalasi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magalasi osowa padziko lapansi imatha kupangidwa, monga galasi lobiriwira, galasi la laser, magneto optical, ndi galasi la fiber optic, ndipo ntchito zawo zikukulirakulira tsiku ndi tsiku. Pambuyo powonjezera praseodymium oxide ku galasi, galasi lamtundu wobiriwira likhoza kupangidwa, lomwe lili ndi luso lapamwamba lapamwamba komanso limatha kutsanzira miyala yamtengo wapatali. Magalasi amtunduwu amawoneka obiriwira akakhala padzuwa wamba, pomwe amakhala opanda mtundu pansi pa nyali. Choncho, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga miyala yamtengo wapatali yabodza ndi zokongoletsera zamtengo wapatali, zokhala ndi mitundu yokongola komanso makhalidwe abwino.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito muzoumba zadothi osowa
Ma oxides osowa padziko lapansi atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowonjezera muzoumba kuti apange zoumba zambiri zapadziko lapansi zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino. Zosawoneka bwino za ceramics zadothi pakati pawo ndizoyimira. Zimagwiritsa ntchito zida zosankhidwa kwambiri ndipo zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zosavuta kuziwongolera ndi njira zopangira, zomwe zimatha kuwongolera molondola kapangidwe kazoumba. Itha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: zoumba zoumba ndi zomangira zotentha kwambiri. Pambuyo powonjezera ma oxides osowa padziko lapansi, amatha kukonza mawonekedwe a sintering, kachulukidwe, ma microstructure, ndi gawo la zoumba kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ceramic glaze yopangidwa ndi praseodymium oxide ngati colorant sichimakhudzidwa ndi mlengalenga mkati mwa ng'anjo, imakhala ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, owoneka bwino, amatha kusintha zinthu zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala, kuwongolera kukhazikika kwamafuta ndi mtundu wa zoumba, kuwonjezera mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndi kuchepetsa ndalama. Pambuyo powonjezera praseodymium oxide ku ceramic pigments ndi glazes, osowa dziko lapansi praseodymium yellow, praseodymium wobiriwira, underglaze wofiira inki ndi woyera ghost glaze, minyanga yellow glaze, apulo wobiriwira zadothi, etc. Mtundu uwu wa zadothi zaluso uli ndi mphamvu zapamwamba komanso zimatumizidwa kunja, zomwe zimatchuka kunja. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zoyenera, kugwiritsa ntchito kwa praseodymium neodymium padziko lonse lapansi muzoumba zadothi kumapitilira matani chikwi chimodzi, komanso ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri praseodymium oxide. Zikuyembekezeka kuti padzakhala chitukuko chachikulu m'tsogolomu.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito maginito osowa padziko lapansi
The pazipita maginito mphamvu mankhwala (BH) wa (Pr, Sm) Co5 okhazikika maginito m=27MG θ e (216K J/m3). Ndipo (BH) m wa PrFeB ndi 40MG θ E (320K J/m3). Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito maginito a Pr opangidwa osatha kumakhalabe ndi ntchito m'mafakitale ndi mafakitale.
4. Ntchito m'madera ena kupanga mawilo akupera corundum.
Pamaziko a corundum woyera, kuwonjezera za 0,25% praseodymium neodymium okusayidi akhoza osowa dziko lapansi corundum akupera mawilo, kwambiri kuwongolera akupera ntchito yawo. Wonjezerani kuchuluka kwa 30% mpaka 100%, ndikuwonjezera moyo wautumiki. Praseodymium oxide ili ndi zinthu zabwino zopukutira pazida zina, kotero imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zopukutira pakupukuta. Lili ndi pafupifupi 7.5% praseodymium oxide mu cerium based polishing powder ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popukuta magalasi owoneka bwino, zinthu zachitsulo, galasi lathyathyathya, ndi machubu a kanema wawayilesi. Mphamvu yopukutira ndi yabwino ndipo kuchuluka kwa ntchitoyo ndi kwakukulu, komwe kwakhala ufa waukulu wopukutira ku China pakadali pano. Komanso, ntchito mafuta akulimbana chothandizira akhoza kusintha chothandizira ntchito, ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zowonjezera kwa steelmaking, kuyeretsa chitsulo chosungunula, etc. Mwachidule, ntchito praseodymium okusayidi nthawi zonse kukula, ndi zambiri ntchito mu boma osakaniza pambali. mtundu umodzi wa praseodymium oxide. Akuti zimenezi zipitirizabe mtsogolomu.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-26-2023