Asayansi apanga nsanja yosonkhanitsira zida za nanosized, kapena "nano-objects," zamitundu yosiyana kwambiri - inorganic kapena organic - kukhala zofunidwa za 3-D. Ngakhale self-assembly (SA) yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kukonza ma nanomatadium amitundu ingapo, njirayi yakhala yokhazikika kwambiri, ikupanga mapangidwe osiyanasiyana kutengera zomwe zidapangidwazo. Monga momwe tafotokozera mu pepala lomwe lafalitsidwa lero mu Nature Materials, nsanja yawo yatsopano ya DNA-programmable nanofabrication ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonzekera zipangizo zosiyanasiyana za 3-D mofanana ndi momwe zimakhalira pa nanoscale (mabiliyoni a mita), kumene kuwala kwapadera, mankhwala. , ndi zinthu zina zimatuluka.
"Chimodzi mwazifukwa zazikulu zomwe SA sichikhala njira yopangira zinthu zothandiza ndichakuti njira yomweyo ya SA siyingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamitundu yambiri kuti ipange magulu ofanana a 3-D opangidwa kuchokera ku nanocomponents," adalongosola wolemba wofananayo Oleg Gang. , mtsogoleri wa Soft and Bio Nanomaterials Group ku Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN) -- a US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility ku Brookhaven National Laboratory -- ndi pulofesa wa Chemical Engineering ndi Applied Physics ndi Sayansi Yazinthu ku Columbia Engineering. "Apa, tidasokoneza njira ya SA kuchokera kuzinthu zakuthupi popanga mafelemu olimba a DNA a polyhedral omwe amatha kuyika zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamtundu wa nano, kuphatikiza zitsulo, ma semiconductors, ngakhale mapuloteni ndi ma enzyme."
Asayansiwo anapanga mafelemu a DNA opangidwa mokhala ngati kyube, octahedron, ndi tetrahedron. M'kati mwa mafelemu muli "mikono" ya DNA yomwe ndi nano-objects yokhala ndi DNA yotsatizana ingagwirizane nayo. Ma voxels awa - kuphatikiza kwa DNA frame ndi nano-object - ndizitsulo zomangira zomwe macroscale 3-D angapangidwe. Mafelemu amalumikizana wina ndi mzake mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa nano-ob yomwe ili mkati (kapena ayi) molingana ndi katsatidwe kowonjezera komwe amakongoleredwa pama vertices awo. Kutengera ndi mawonekedwe awo, mafelemu amakhala ndi ma vertices osiyanasiyana ndipo motero amapanga mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Zinthu zilizonse za nano zomwe zimasungidwa mkati mwamafelemu zimatengera kapangidwe kameneka.
Kuti awonetse njira yawo yochitira msonkhano, asayansi adasankha zitsulo (golide) ndi semiconducting (cadmium selenide) nanoparticles ndi mapuloteni a bakiteriya (streptavidin) monga zinthu zopanda organic ndi organic nano-objects kuti ziyikidwe mkati mwa mafelemu a DNA. Choyamba, adatsimikizira kukhulupirika kwa mafelemu a DNA ndikupanga ma voxels akuthupi pojambula ndi ma microscopes a electron ku CFN Electron Microscopy Facility ndi Van Andel Institute, yomwe ili ndi zida zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa kutentha kwa cryogenic kwa zitsanzo zamoyo. Kenako adafufuza za 3-D lattice pa Coherent Hard X-ray Scattering and Complex Materials Scattering beamlines a National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) - Office ina ya DOE of Science User Facility ku Brookhaven Lab. Columbia Engineering Bykhovsky Pulofesa wa Chemical Engineering Sanat Kumar ndi gulu lake adachita ma computational modelling kuwulula kuti zoyeserera zomwe zidawoneka (zotengera mawonekedwe a X-ray) zinali zokhazikika kwambiri zomwe ma voxels amatha kupanga.
"Ma voxels awa amatilola kuti tiyambe kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro otengedwa ku maatomu (ndi mamolekyu) ndi makhiristo omwe amapanga, ndikuyika chidziwitso chachikulu ichi ndi nkhokwe ku machitidwe osangalatsa a nanoscale," adatero Kumar.
Ophunzira a zigawenga ku Columbia adawonetsa momwe nsanja yosonkhanitsira ingagwiritsire ntchito kuyendetsa gulu la mitundu iwiri ya zida zokhala ndi mankhwala komanso mawonekedwe. Nthawi ina, adasonkhanitsa ma enzyme awiri, ndikupanga magulu a 3-D okhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono. Ngakhale ma enzymes adakhalabe osasinthika, adawonetsa kuwonjezeka kanayi kwa ntchito ya enzymatic. "Nanoreactors" awa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera momwe zinthu zikuyendera komanso kupanga zida zopangira mankhwala. Pachiwonetsero cha zinthu zowoneka bwino, adasakaniza mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya madontho a quantum - tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagwiritsa ntchito kupanga makanema apawayilesi okhala ndi mitundu yayikulu komanso yowala. Zithunzi zojambulidwa ndi maikulosikopu ya fluorescence zikuwonetsa kuti nthiti yomwe idapangidwayo imasunga chiyero cha mtundu pansi pa malire a diffraction (wavelength) wa kuwala; Katunduyu atha kuloleza kusintha kwakukulu pamawonekedwe osiyanasiyana komanso matekinoloje olumikizirana owoneka bwino.
"Tiyenera kuganiziranso momwe zida zimapangidwira komanso momwe zimagwirira ntchito," adatero Gang. "Kukonzanso zinthu sikungakhale kofunikira; kungolongedza zinthu zomwe zilipo kale m'njira zatsopano zitha kukulitsa katundu wawo. Mwachidziwikire, nsanja yathu ikhoza kukhala ukadaulo wothandiza 'kupitilira kupanga kusindikiza kwa 3-D' kuwongolera zida pamiyeso yaying'ono kwambiri komanso ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinthu komanso Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomweyo kupanga ma lattice a 3-D kuchokera kuzinthu zofunidwa za nano-makalasi osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza zomwe zingawoneke kuti sizingagwirizane, zitha kusintha kusintha kwa nanomanufacturing.
Zida zoperekedwa ndi DOE/Brookhaven National Laboratory. Zindikirani: Zomwe zili mkati zitha kusinthidwa malinga ndi kalembedwe ndi kutalika.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-14-2020