Zinthu zapadziko lapansi | Scandium (sc)

Mu 1879, aphunzitsi a Swedens a Dulani LF Nilson (1840-1899) ndi PT Clave (1840-1905) adapeza chinthu chatsopano cha mchere wa gadols ndi wakuda. Adatcha Elecjafuluchi "Sinandium", yomwe" Boron monga "idakhazikitsidwa ndi Mendelev. Zolemba zawo zimatsimikiziranso kulondola kwa lamulo lazinthu za zinthu ndi mawonekedwe a Mendeev.

Poyerekeza ndi zinthu za Lantanide, scandarium ili ndi radius yaying'ono kwambiri ya ionic ndi ma alkaliaxide a hydroxide ndi ofooka kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, pamene ma scandarium ndi osowa kwambiri padziko lapansi amasakanikirana, amathandizidwa ndi Amoni (kapena amachepetsa kwambiri alkali), ndi scandarium idzayamba yoyamba. Chifukwa chake, imatha kupatukana mosavuta ndi zinthu zapadziko lapansi za padziko lapansi ndi njira "yolimba". Njira inayo ndikugwiritsa ntchito polar ya nitrate yolekanitsa, chifukwa scandarium nitrate ndiyosavuta kwambiri kuwola, kuti ikwaniritse cholinga cholekanitsa.

Zitsulo zowoneka bwino zimatha kupezeka ndi electrolysis. Pakucha zoyenga za Swalandium,Scocl3, KCL, ndipo liloledwa ndi litli, ndipo zitsulo zosungunuka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cashoputure for electrolysis poyerekeza ndi scandium pa zinziri. Kenako, zinc imasinthidwa kuti ipeze zitsulo za scandium. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizosavuta kuyambiranso kuvanda mukamakonza ore kuti mupange Uranium, thonderaum, ndi zinthu za Lantanide. Kubwezeretsa kokwanira kuti upereke ndi migodi ya Tungsten ndi tini ndikofunikira kwambiri pandenda. Scandarium makamaka munthawi yochepa kwambiri mu mankhwala ndipo amayamikira mosavuta kutiSco2o3mlengalenga, kutaya zokhuta zake zachitsulo ndikutembenukira ku imvi yakuda. Scandarium imatha kuchitira ndi madzi otentha kuti amasule haidrojeni ndipo amasungunuka mosavuta mu macid, ndikupangitsa kuti ukhale wololeza mwamphamvu. Oxides ndi hydroxide ya scandarium imangowonetsa kuyamwa, koma phulusa lamchere silingathe kumwa. Chifuwa cha scandarium ndi choyera choyera mosavuta m'madzi ndipo chitha kunyoza mpweya. Mapulogalamu ake akulu ndi awa.

. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono kwa chitsulo chosungunuka kumatha kukonza kwambiri zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa chitsulo, ndikuwonjezera pang'ono kuvuta kwa aluminiyamu kumatha kusintha mphamvu ndi kukana kutentha kwake.

. Zojambula zomwe zili ndi Handeria zimalimbikitsanso ntchito zolonjeza m'magulu a maginito apakompyuta.

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Scandarim ilipo mu mawonekedwe a 15sc mu chilengedwe, ndipo palinso 9 isotopees ya scandarium, yomwe ndi 40-44Sc ndi 16-49sc. Zina mwa izo, 46csc yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tracer mu mankhwala, zitsulo, ndi minda yamaonera. Mankhwala, palinso maphunziro akunja pogwiritsa ntchito 46SC kuti muchite khansa.